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公开(公告)号：US5638822A
公开(公告)日：1997-06-17
申请号：US497238
申请日：1995-06-30
CPC分类号： G10K11/02 , B06B1/0607 , B06B1/067
摘要： An ultrasonic probe for coupling acoustic signals between the probe and a medium is provided. The ultrasonic probe has a piezoelectric element having a plurality of piezoelectric layers each having a different acoustic impedance. The piezoelectric layers are stacked in progressive order of acoustic impedance such that the layer with the acoustic impedance nearest to that of the medium is proximate the medium. At least one of said piezoelectric layers is made of piezoelectric composite material. The ultrasonic probe further has an electrode means for electrically coupling the piezoelectric layers to a voltage source for applying an oscillation voltage potential to each piezoelectric layer. The probe further has a control means for controlling the polarization of at least one of the piezoelectric layers.
摘要翻译： 提供用于耦合探针和介质之间的声信号的超声波探头。 超声波探头具有压电元件，该压电元件具有各自具有不同声阻抗的多个压电层。 压电层以声阻抗的渐进顺序堆叠，使得具有最接近介质的声阻抗的层接近介质。 所述压电层中的至少一个由压电复合材料制成。 超声波探头还具有用于将压电层电耦合到电压源的电极装置，用于向每个压电层施加振荡电压电位。 探头还具有用于控制至少一个压电层的极化的控制装置。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06176828B1
公开(公告)日：2001-01-23
申请号：US09220519
申请日：1998-12-24
IPC分类号： A61B800
CPC分类号： G01S15/8979 , A61B8/06 , A61B8/13
摘要： A method and an apparatus for color mapping of flow power data in which the flow states containing information of most interest to the user are enhanced, while flow states not containing information of interest are suppressed. This is accomplished using a color mapping having three segments which are connected at upper and lower knee points, the latter being settable either automatically or via operator inputs. In the automatic mode, the host computer determines the positions of the knee points based on analysis of a single or a mean image frame of power Doppler data or based on system parameters (e.g., dynamic range) set by the operator. The host computer then constructs a color mapping having the determined knee points and loads that color mapping into the video processor.
摘要翻译： 流量功率数据的颜色映射的方法和装置，其中包含用户最感兴趣的信息的流状态被增强，而不包含感兴趣的信息的流状态被抑制。 这是使用具有三个段的颜色映射来实现的，该三个段连接在上部和下部拐点处，后者可以通过操作者输入自动设置。 在自动模式中，主计算机基于功率多普勒数据的单个或平均图像帧的分析或者基于由操作者设置的系统参数（例如，动态范围）来确定拐点的位置。 然后，主计算机构建具有确定的拐点的颜色映射，并将该颜色映射加载到视频处理器中。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6048312A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-11
申请号：US139373
申请日：1998-08-25
申请人： Syed Omar Ishrak , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Brian Peter Geiser , Gregory R. Bashford , Michael Joseph Washburn
发明人： Syed Omar Ishrak , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , William Thomas Hatfield , Todd Michael Tillman , Brian Peter Geiser , Gregory R. Bashford , Michael Joseph Washburn
CPC分类号： G01S15/8993 , A61B8/0833 , A61B8/0841 , A61B8/483 , G01S15/8979 , G01S15/8988 , G01S7/52034 , G01S7/52046 , G01S7/5206 , G01S7/52069 , G01S7/52071 , G01S7/52074 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of a needle-like instrument, such as a biopsy needle, inserted in a human body. The instrument is visualized by transmitting ultrasound beams toward the instrument and then detecting the echo signals using a linear array of transducer elements. The problem of ultrasound being reflected from a biopsy needle in a direction away from the transducer array is solved by steering the transmitted ultrasound beams to increase the angle at which the beams impinge upon the biopsy needle. Ideally the ultrasound beams are perpendicular to the biopsy needle. This increases the system's sensitivity to the needle because the reflections from the needle are directed closer to the transducer array. This can be accomplished using either the B mode or the color flow mode of an ultrasound imaging system. The acquired data for multiple two-dimensional image frames is gathered in memory to form a data volume, which is then processed to form a three-dimensional image (by projection) or a two-dimensional slice taken at an angle through the data volume. In particular, a two-dimensional slice which is coplanar with the inserted biopsy needle can be imaged.
摘要翻译： 一种插入人体的针状器械（例如活检针）的三维超声成像的方法和装置。 通过向仪器发射超声波束，然后使用换能器元件的线性阵列检测回波信号来显示仪器。 通过转向透射的超声波束来增加横梁撞击活检针的角度来解决超声波在远离换能器阵列的方向从活检针反射的问题。 理想情况下，超声波束与活检针垂直。 这增加了系统对针的敏感性，因为来自针的反射更靠近换能器阵列。 这可以使用超声成像系统的B模式或彩色流动模式来实现。 用于多个二维图像帧的采集的数据被收集在存储器中以形成数据量，然后将其处理以形成通过数据量以一定角度拍摄的三维图像（通过投影）或二维切片。 特别地，可以对与插入的活检针共面的二维切片进行成像。
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4.发明授权Method and apparatus for compensating for inoperative elements in ultrasonic transducer array 有权用于补偿超声波换能器阵列中不起作用的元件的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6120449A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-19
申请号：US200077
申请日：1998-11-25
CPC分类号： G01S15/8909 , A61B8/4494 , G01S7/5205 , G10K11/341
摘要： A method and an apparatus for compensating for fully or partially inoperative elements in an ultrasonic transducer array. The inoperative elements are compensated for by "bridging" or "shorting" them to fully operative elements. This compensation technique can be applied to one-dimensional or multi-dimensional transducer arrays. A bridge between a fully or partially inoperative element and an adjacent fully operative element can be achieved by physically shorting the elements somewhere in the signal chain or by electrically connecting the elements via switches, e.g., of a multiplexer. The state of the multiplexer switches (i.e., open or closed) is controlled by loading MUX State control data into a flash memory located on-board the probe. This MUX State control data includes switch settings for connecting a defective element to an adjacent fully functional element in the transducer array.
摘要翻译： 一种用于补偿超声换能器阵列中完全或部分不起作用的元件的方法和装置。 通过“桥接”或“短路”到完全操作的元件来补偿不起作用的元件。 该补偿技术可以应用于一维或多维换能器阵列。 完全或部分不起作用的元件和相邻的完全操作元件之间的桥梁可以通过在信号链中某处的物理短路或者通过例如多路复用器的开关电连接元件来实现。 通过将MUX状态控制数据加载到位于探头上的闪存中来控制多路复用器开关（即，打开或关闭）的状态。 该MUX状态控制数据包括用于将有缺陷的元件连接到换能器阵列中相邻的全功能元件的开关设置。
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus for mapping color flow velocity data into display intensities 失效将颜色流速数据映射到显示强度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5895358A
公开(公告)日：1999-04-20
申请号：US852614
申请日：1997-05-07
CPC分类号： G01S7/52071 , G01S7/52034 , G01S15/8979 , G01S7/52046 , Y10S128/916
摘要： A method and an apparatus for mitigating aliasing when imaging moving fluid or tissue using velocity Doppler shift data. To eliminate the effects of slight aliasing in the velocity mode, symmetrical (or non-directional) velocity/color maps are used to map positive and negative velocity data of the same magnitude to the same color and same display intensity. If the pulse repetition frequency is adjusted so that only subtle aliasing is present, an optimal frame averaging of the data can be achieved by removing the sign of the velocity data either before or during frame averaging.
摘要翻译： 一种使用速度多普勒频移数据成像移动流体或组织时减轻混叠的方法和装置。 为了消除速度模式中轻微混叠的影响，使用对称（或非方向）速度/颜色图将相同幅度的正和负速度数据映射到相同的颜色和相同的显示强度。 如果调整脉冲重复频率使得仅存在微妙的混叠，则可以在帧平均之前或期间去除速度数据的符号来实现数据的最佳帧平均。
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for ultrasound imaging using normalized difference between successive frames 失效使用连续帧之间的归一化差异的超声成像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5865752A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-02
申请号：US858205
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , David John Muzilla , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
发明人： Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , David John Muzilla , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
CPC分类号： G01S7/52077 , G01S7/5206 , G06F9/30014 , G01S15/8977
摘要： A method and an apparatus for frame averaging ultrasound imaging data. A one-tap IIR filter is used to average the corresponding pixel data of two frames. The frame averaging is a function of a normalized difference between the pixel data of the two frames. This is achieved by taking the absolute difference between the signal levels of the current frame and the previous frame and dividing the result by the arithmetic (or geometric) mean of the two data. A multitude of look-up tables of output values are generated off-line. Each look-up table is designed to be used under a specific set of operating parameters. In response to the user's selection of these operating parameters, the system downloads a selected frame-averaging look-up table from system memory. During subsequent system operation, the downloaded look-up table outputs values which are a function of the normalized difference between the previous and current frame data used to address the look-up table.
摘要翻译： 一种用于平均超声成像数据的方法和装置。 单抽头IIR滤波器用于对两帧的相应像素数据进行平均。 帧平均是两帧的像素数据之间的归一化差异的函数。 这是通过取当前帧和前一帧的信号电平之间的绝对差并将结果除以两个数据的算术（或几何）平均值来实现的。 输出值的大量查询表离线生成。 每个查找表都被设计为在一组特定的操作参数下使用。 响应于用户对这些操作参数的选择，系统从系统存储器下载所选择的帧平均查找表。 在随后的系统操作期间，下载的查找表输出作为用于寻址查找表的前一帧和当前帧数据之间的归一化差的函数的值。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5841889A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-24
申请号：US581668
申请日：1995-12-29
CPC分类号： G01S7/52046 , G01N2291/0289
摘要： A method for controlling the contrast resolution and the tissue texture of ultrasonic images employs a signal processing algorithm to adjust an image by changing the tissue texture (speckle grain size). The algorithm increases the image contrast by allocating a different speckle pattern to different grey scale levels. This signal processing algorithm is based on the Hilbert transform. It uses the property of the Hilbert transform to generate a quadrature component of the given image which is modulated by the speckle pattern as well as all other image information. The quadrature component is then squared before being selectively added to or subtracted from the square of the in-phase component of the given image to control the information in the image. The added or subtracted signals have different textures (or spatial frequency components). The arithmetic operation between the in-phase and quadrature phase components determines the image texture. If this operation is done selectively, then the contrast and the texture of the image can be selectively controlled.
摘要翻译： 用于控制超声图像的对比度分辨率和组织纹理的方法采用信号处理算法来通过改变组织纹理（散斑粒度）来调整图像。 该算法通过将不同的斑点图案分配给不同的灰度级别来增加图像对比度。 该信号处理算法基于希尔伯特变换。 它使用希尔伯特变换的属性来生成由斑点图案调制的给定图像的正交分量以及所有其他图像信息。 然后在将正交分量选择性地添加到给定图像的同相分量的平方或从其中减去以控制图像中的信息之前平方。 加或减信号具有不同的纹理（或空间频率分量）。 同相和正交相位分量之间的算术运算决定了图像纹理。 如果选择性地进行该操作，则可以选择性地控制图像的对比度和纹理。
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8.发明授权High-sensitivity piezocomposite material and ultrasonic transducer made therefrom 失效高灵敏度压电复合材料和超声波换能器公开(公告)号：US06277299B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-21
申请号：US09200361
申请日：1998-11-25
IPC分类号： H01L4122
CPC分类号： H01L41/183
摘要： A piezoelectrically active conformal filler material is incorporated in a 1-3, 3-3 or 2-2 piezocomposite structure. The piezoelectrically active conformal filler material has a 0-3 structure and is made of fine piezoelectric ceramic particles surrounded by a conformal polymer matrix. Using such piezocomposite material, the reception and transmission sensitivity (efficiency) of a piezoelectric layer can be improved without any increase in the acoustic impedance of the final piezoelectric layer. The resulting piezocomposite material can be used to fabricate ultrasonic transducer arrays.
摘要翻译： 压电活性共形填料材料掺入1-3,3-3或2-2压电复合结构中。 压电活性共形填料材料为0-3结构，由保形聚合物基体包围的精细压电陶瓷颗粒制成。 使用这种压电复合材料，可以改善压电层的接收和传输灵敏度（效率），而不会增加最终压电层的声阻抗。 所得到的压电复合材料可用于制造超声换能器阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US6045507A
公开(公告)日：2000-04-04
申请号：US169785
申请日：1998-10-09
CPC分类号： G01S7/5205 , A61B8/06
摘要： An ultrasound color flow imaging system is programmed to operate in an adaptive manner. The operational adjustments are made based on the system gain setting or the transmit packet size or both. Based on these operator inputs, the transmit burst length is adjusted for optimum operation. In addition, the transmit peak amplitude and the bandwidth of the receive filter are adjusted as a function of the burst length adjustment.
摘要翻译： 超声波彩色成像系统被编程为以自适应方式操作。 基于系统增益设置或发送分组大小或两者进行操作调整。 基于这些操作员输入，调整发送突发长度以实现最佳操作。 此外，接收滤波器的发送峰值幅度和带宽作为突发长度调整的函数被调整。
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10.发明授权Method and apparatus for enhancing resolution and sensitivity in color flow ultrasound imaging using multiple transmit focal zones 失效用于增强使用多个透射聚焦区域的彩色流超声成像中的分辨率和灵敏度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5908391A
公开(公告)日：1999-06-01
申请号：US852700
申请日：1997-05-07
申请人： David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
发明人： David John Muzilla , Anne Lindsay Hall , Mir Said Seyed-Bolorforosh , Michael J. Washburn , David D. Becker , Doralie Martinez , Xiao-Liang Xu
CPC分类号： G01N29/348 , A61B8/488 , G01N29/0609 , G01N29/341 , G01S7/52085 , G01N2291/02483 , G01N2291/02836
摘要： A method and an apparatus for increasing the spatial resolution and sensitivity of a color flow image while maintaining a desired acoustic frame rate. The ultrasound energy is concentrated at a more narrowly defined focal region, which allows for increased flow sensitivity and vessel filling. Better flow uniformity across the color region of interest is also achieved. The method uses multiple transmit focal zones, and transmit and receive apertures having low f-numbers. Using multiple focal zones with low f-numbers allows for tight focusing over a larger depth-of-field. Unique waveforms and unique gain curves are used for each focal zone. Each focal zone is fired on a separate acoustic frame. An adaptive frame averaging algorithm is used to blend together the in-focus data from each of these acoustic frames before the data is displayed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在保持所需声学帧速率的同时增加彩色图像的空间分辨率和灵敏度的方法和装置。 超声能量集中在更狭窄的聚焦区域，这允许增加流动灵敏度和血管填充。 还实现了在感兴趣的颜色区域上更好的流动均匀性。 该方法使用多个发射聚焦区，并且发射和接收具有低f数的孔。 使用具有低f数的多焦点区域可以在较大的景深范围内进行紧密聚焦。 每个聚焦区域都使用独特的波形和独特的增益曲线。 每个焦点区域在单独的声学框架上被点燃。 在显示数据之前，使用自适应帧平均算法将来自这些声音帧中的每一个的对焦数据混合在一起。
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