摘要:
A liquid crystal display apparatus in normally-white mode in which gray scale display is obtained by providing different applied voltages corresponding to different gray scale levels, respectively, characterized in that in a curve showing the relationship between the applied voltage and light transmittance, the lowest applied voltage is set so as to be shifted in the direction of a monotonically decreasing region of the curve. The display simultaneously provides both good contrast ratios and good gradation at large viewing angles, and gray scale is not inverted.
摘要:
[Problem] In known methods, an improvement of the coercive force is realized by allowing the Dy metal or the like to present selectively in crystal grain boundary portions of a sintered magnet. However, since these are based on a physical film formation method, e.g., sputtering, through the use of a vacuum vessel, there is a mass productivity problem in the case where large amounts of magnet is treated. Furthermore, there is a magnet cost problem from the viewpoint that, for example, an expensive, high-purity Dy metal or the like must be used as a raw material for film formation. [Solving Means] A method for modifying grain boundaries of a Nd—Fe—B base magnet characterized by including the step of allowing an M metal component to diffuse and penetrate from a surface of a Nd—Fe—B base sintered magnet body having a Nd-rich crystal grain boundary phase surrounding principal Nd2Fe14B crystals to the grain boundary phase through a reduction treatment of a fluoride, an oxide, or a chloride of an M metal element (where M is Pr, Dy, Tb, or Ho).
摘要翻译:[问题]在已知的方法中,通过使Dy金属等选择性地存在于烧结磁体的晶界部中,可以实现矫顽力的提高。 然而,由于这些基于物理成膜方法,例如溅射,通过使用真空容器,在处理大量磁体的情况下存在批量生产率问题。 此外,从例如必须使用昂贵,高纯度的Dy金属等作为成膜原料的观点出现磁铁成本问题。 [解决方案]一种用于改变Nd-Fe-B基础磁体的晶界的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:允许M金属组分从具有 通过氟化物,氧化物或氯化物的还原处理将包围主要Nd 2 Fe 14 B的富Nd晶界相结晶到晶界相 M金属元素(其中M为Pr,Dy,Tb或Ho)。
摘要:
An apparatus for controlling stiffness of a vehicle body includes a slide member, a base member, a deformable member and an actuator. The slide member is disposed parallel to a direction of impact force acting on a first end of the slide member. The base member, which is disposed at a second end of the slide member, has a slit into which the slide member moves. The deformable member is disposed at the first end of the slide member. Both ends of the deformable member are connected to the base member and a cross section of the deformable member is substantially U-shaped. The actuator executes one of permitting the slide member to move into the slit and inhibiting the slide member from moving into the slit at a collision.
摘要:
Bubbles mixed in liquid crystal injected into a liquid crystal cell are pushed out through an outlet. The outlet has a space secured to a maximum limit by an extended sealing portion reaching the outer peripheral end surfaces of substrates, and a step with a color filter is formed. The pushed-out bubbles are surely trapped by the space of the outlet. In a replenishing port for replenishing liquid crystal, an introduction spacer having a height equal to that of the color filter is provided, and by a capillary phenomenon, liquid crystal for replenishment can be smoothly introduced into the liquid crystal cell.
摘要:
A rubbing direction (X) for each upper substrate of a tile panel constituting a liquid crystal panel unit is set along a horizontal direction (H) of the liquid crystal panel unit, a rubbing direction (Y) for each lower substrate of the tile panel is set along a vertical direction (V) thereof, and absorption axes (S) of polarizing plates and are allowed to coincide with the horizontal direction (H) of the liquid crystal panel unit. Moreover, in a set of four tile panels, the rubbing directions (X) and (Y) are made to differ from one another, thus viewing directions (Z) of high contrast are distributed into four directions, and turning directions (reference codes (R) and (L)) of liquid crystal molecules in the respective tile panels are arranged alternately in the horizontal direction (H) of the liquid crystal panel unit.
摘要:
A metal working fluid, having excellent properties, contains a metal stearate, a carbonate, a hydrogencarbonate, and a surfactant. The metal working fluid may further contain ethyleneglycol and a rust inhibitor.
摘要:
A water-soluble cutting fluid which is characterized by excellent cooling and lubricating properties and does not exert a harmful influence on the environment. A solution containing hydrogencarbonate ion, bromide ion, carbonic acid ion, and, if necessary, fluoride ion, and being adjusted to a pH of 7.0 to 11.5 can be used as a substitute for a cutting oil. A water-soluble cutting fluid further including additives such as rust-preventive agents and the like can be also used as a substitute for conventional cutting oil.
摘要:
A toner for developing electrostatic images includes a binder resin, a specific long-chain alkyl compound and a specific azo iron complex. The long-chain alkyl compound contains a terminal --OH or --COOH group and from about 35 to 150 (--CH.sub.2 --) groups. The azo iron complex has a cation including 75-98 mol. % of ammonium ion and another ion which is hydrogen, sodium, potassium or mixtures thereof.
摘要:
A display panel, laminated substrate, and liquid crystal cell which includes a pair of facing substrates bonded together with a sealing material. One or both of the substrates includes at least one corner portion on which a plurality of protruding pads are formed, the pads assisting in dispersion of the sealing material during bonding of the substrates to prevent sealing material from moving inwardly and possibly adversely affecting the display region of the resulting structure. A method of making such a laminated substrate is also provided.
摘要:
A motor lock detection circuit for detecting lock of a motor, comprising: a binarizing circuit to binarize a signal, obtained from the motor, having a frequency corresponding to rotation speed of the motor, to generate a binary signal; an edge detecting circuit to generate an edge detection signal when detecting an edge of the binary signal; a first counter to count based on a first counter clock, be reset according to the edge detection signal generated by the edge detecting circuit, and generate a count signal when counting for a first count period longer than an interval between edges of the binary signal; and a second counter to count based on a second counter clock, be reset according to the count signal, and generate a motor lock detection signal indicative of detection of lock of the motor when counting for a second count period longer than the first count period.