公开(公告)号：US20190383723A1

公开(公告)日：2019-12-19

申请号：US16012429

申请日：2018-06-19

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： G01N15/14 ,  H01S3/22

摘要： The quadratic electro-optic effect (Kerr coefficients) is measured for metal nanoparticles within a transparent dielectric medium. In particular, gold nanoparticles in glass are studied. Measurements are made using a field-induced birefringence method. The magnitudes of the Kerr coefficients for different sizes of gold nanoparticles in glass are measured. The magnitudes significantly increase for smaller sizes of nanoparticles. These results imply a broad range of applications of metal nanoparticles in dielectric media, such as glass, in ultrafast (up to 100 GHZ or more) electro-optic modulation/switching, low-cost Kerr cells and other uses in optoelectronics. These results may be extended to various metal nanoparticles within various other transparent dielectric media such as polymers/plastics and ceramics, as well as in glass.

公开(公告)号：US08723027B2

公开(公告)日：2014-05-13

申请号：US13432095

申请日：2012-03-28

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： H01L31/00 ,  H01L21/00

CPC分类号： H01L51/4213 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  H01G9/2004 ,  H01G9/2031 ,  H01L51/0001 ,  H01L51/004 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/4206 ,  H01L51/4226 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/542 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A photovoltaic structure having an electrode of a glass substrate coated with a high work function metal to which a film of a combination of a non-conjugated conductive polymer and an electron acceptor such as fullerene, carbon, iodine, or potassium iodide is applied. The structure has a second electrode of a low work function metal that has been coated on the glass substrate. This glass substrate with the low work function metal is applied to the film. Among the non-conjugated polymers are polyisoprene, poly(β-pinene), cis-polyisoprene, styrene-butadiene-rubber copolymer, polynobornene and polyalloocimene. When light strikes this photovoltaic structure it is capable of generating electric voltage greater than 100 mV for a light intensity of about 5 mW/cm2.

摘要翻译： 具有涂覆有高功函金属的玻璃基板的电极的光伏结构，其中施加非共轭导电聚合物和电子受体如富勒烯，碳，碘或碘化钾的组合的膜。 该结构具有涂覆在玻璃基板上的低功函数金属的第二电极。 将具有低功函数金属的玻璃基板施加到膜上。 非共轭聚合物中有聚异戊二烯，聚（蒎烯），顺式 - 聚异戊二烯，苯乙烯 - 丁二烯 - 橡胶共聚物，聚对苯二甲酸和多烯烃。 当光照射该光伏结构时，对于约5mW / cm 2的光强度，其能够产生大于100mV的电压。

公开(公告)号：US07641977B2

公开(公告)日：2010-01-05

申请号：US11046173

申请日：2005-01-28

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： B32B17/06

CPC分类号： H01L51/5012 ,  A01N25/10 ,  B32B17/06 ,  B32B25/16 ,  C03C17/32 ,  C03C17/328 ,  C03C17/42 ,  C08K3/08 ,  C08K3/16 ,  C08K3/22 ,  H01L51/0035 ,  H01L51/004 ,  Y10T428/31641 ,  Y10T428/31645 ,  Y10T428/31678 ,  Y10T428/31692 ,  Y10T428/31696 ,  Y10T428/31931 ,  A01N59/16 ,  A01N59/12 ,  C08L21/00

摘要： Nonconjugated conductive polymers, which are all polymers that have a ratio of double bonds to total bonds of less than ½ are doped or used to produce compositions with unexpected characteristics in this invention. A light emitting structure can be produced by coating a quartz or glass substrate with a high work function metal which has a nonconjugated conductive polymer film on the metal and a low work function metal deposited on the nonconjugated polymer. The electrical conductivity of nonconjugated polymers can be greatly increased by doping the polymer with a dopant. The mechanical and elastomeric properties of a nonconjugated polymer can be changed by doping the polymer. The electro-optic effect and the refractive index of a nonconjugated conductive polymer can be greatly changed by doping the polymer. Among the nonconjugated polymers are styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR), poly(β-pinene) and cis-1-4 polyisoprene. The enhancement of the nonlinear optical effect is due to the special charge-transfer complex structure and formation of nano-optical domains. Among the doping materials are electron acceptors such as iodine and antimony pentachloride. A heated mixture of iodine and sulfur produces a faster rate of vulcanization of rubber than using sulfur alone. A method of controlling insect breeding is provided which involves exposing the insects to tires that have been vulcanized using iodine.

摘要翻译： 掺杂或使用非共轭导电聚合物，它们都是具有小于1/2的双键与总键的比例的聚合物，以在本发明中产生具有意想不到的特征的组合物。 可以通过用金属上具有非共轭导电聚合物膜的高功函金属和沉积在非共轭聚合物上的低功函金属涂覆石英或玻璃基板来制造发光结构。 通过用掺杂剂掺杂聚合物可以大大增加非共轭聚合物的导电性。 通过掺杂聚合物可以改变非共轭聚合物的机械和弹性性能。 通过掺杂聚合物可以极大地改变非共轭导电聚合物的电光效应和折射率。 非共轭聚合物中有苯乙烯 - 丁二烯橡胶（SBR），聚（β-蒎烯）和顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯。 非线性光学效应的增强是由于特殊的电荷转移复合结构和纳米光畴的形成。 掺杂材料中有电子受体如碘和五氯化锑。 加热的碘和硫的混合物比单独使用硫产生更快的橡胶硫化速率。 提供了一种控制昆虫育种的方法，其涉及将昆虫暴露于使用碘硫化的轮胎上。

公开(公告)号：US08349216B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-08

申请号：US12477980

申请日：2009-06-04

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： H01B1/00 ,  H01L29/08

CPC分类号： C08K3/02 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  C03C17/32 ,  C03C17/328 ,  C03C17/38 ,  C08K3/16 ,  G02F1/3616 ,  C08L21/00

摘要： Nonconjugated conductive polymers have a ratio of double bonds to total bonds of less than ½ are used to produce compositions with unexpected non-linear optical characteristics in this invention. Large third order optical effects including quadratic electro-optic effect and two-photon absorption have been measured in nonconjugated conductive polymers after doping the polymers. Among the nonconjugated polymers are styrene-butadiene-rubber copolymer (SBR), poly(β-pinene), poly(ethylene-pyrrolediyl) derivative, polynorbornene, cis-1,4 polyisoprene and trans-1,4 polyisoprene. The enhancement of the non-linear optical effect is due to the special charge-transfer complex structure and formation of nano-optical domains. Among the doping materials are electron acceptors such as iodine and antimony pentachloride.

摘要翻译： 在本发明中，非共轭导电聚合物具有小于1/2的双键与总键的比例用于产生具有意想不到的非线性光学特性的组合物。 在掺杂聚合物之后，已经在非共轭导电聚合物中测量了包括二次电光效应和双光子吸收的大的三阶光学效应。 在非共轭聚合物中，苯乙烯 - 丁二烯橡胶共聚物（SBR），聚（蒎烯），聚（乙烯 - 吡咯烷基）衍生物，聚降冰片烯，顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯和反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯。 非线性光学效应的增强是由于特殊的电荷转移复合结构和纳米光畴的形成。 掺杂材料中有电子受体如碘和五氯化锑。

公开(公告)号：US08017694B2

公开(公告)日：2011-09-13

申请号：US12244054

申请日：2008-10-02

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： C08C19/28

CPC分类号： A01N25/10 ,  A01N59/12 ,  C03C17/32 ,  C03C17/328 ,  C03C17/42 ,  C08J3/26 ,  C08J2307/02 ,  C08J2321/00 ,  C08K3/02 ,  C08K3/16 ,  A01N59/16 ,  A01N25/34 ,  A01N2300/00 ,  C08L21/00

摘要： Nonconjugated conductive polymers, which are all polymers that have a ratio of double bonds to total bonds of less than ½ are doped with iodine to produce compositions with unexpected characteristics in this invention. The mechanical and elastomeric properties of a nonconjugated polymer can be enhanced by doping the polymer with an electron acceptor such as iodine, in order to cure the polymer. Among the nonconjugated polymers are the cis-1,4-polyisoprene, cis-1,4 polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer and poly (β-pinene). A heated mixture of iodine and sulfur produces a faster rate of vulcanization of rubber than using sulfur alone.

摘要翻译： 所有聚合物都是具有双键与总键的比值小于1/2的非共轭导电聚合物掺杂碘以产生具有本发明特征的组合物。 为了固化聚合物，可以通过用诸如碘的电子受体掺杂聚合物来增强非共轭聚合物的机械和弹性性能。 非共轭聚合物中有顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯，顺式-1,4-聚丁二烯，苯乙烯 - 丁二烯共聚物（SBR），乙烯 - 丙烯 - 二烯单体和聚（蒎烯）。 加热的碘和硫的混合物比单独使用硫产生更快的橡胶硫化速率。

公开(公告)号：US20050250009A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-10

申请号：US11124992

申请日：2005-05-09

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： H01M4/02 ,  H01M4/42 ,  H01M4/46 ,  H01M4/60 ,  H01M10/26 ,  H01M10/36

CPC分类号： H01M4/604 ,  H01M4/42 ,  H01M4/46 ,  H01M4/60 ,  H01M10/26 ,  H01M2004/027 ,  H01M2300/0085

摘要： Rechargeable batteries have been fabricated using doped nonconjugated conductive polymers as the cathode and various metals such as aluminum, copper and zinc as the anode. A nonconjugated conductive polymer is a polymer with at least one double bond in the repeat with the double bond number fraction of less than ½. The dopants include electron acceptors such as iodine. Various electrolytes including potassium iodide dissolved in water can be used. A paste formed by dissolving potassium iodide and poly(vinyl alcohol) in water has been used to demonstrate batteries in the shape of large-area sheets (11 cm×11 cm×5 mm). An open circuit voltage of 1.25 volts and a capacity more than 5 mAh have been observed. The batteries are rechargeable using an external power supply.

摘要翻译： 已经使用掺杂的非共轭导电聚合物作为阴极和诸如铝，铜和锌的各种金属作为阳极来制造可充电电池。 非共轭导电聚合物是在重复中具有至少一个双键的双键数分数小于1/2的聚合物。 掺杂剂包括诸如碘的电子受体。 可以使用溶解在水中的各种电解质，包括碘化钾。 已经使用通过将碘化钾和聚（乙烯醇）溶解在水中形成的糊状物来显示大面积片状（11cm×11cm×5mm）形状的电池。 已经观察到1.25V的开路电压和大于5mAh的容量。 电池可以使用外部电源进行充电。

公开(公告)号：US06448621B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-10

申请号：US09586209

申请日：2000-06-02

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： H01M486

CPC分类号： G01P15/08 ,  G01L1/005 ,  G01L11/00

摘要： A novel technology for sensing mechanical quantities such as force, stress, strain, pressure and acceleration has been invented. This technology is based on a change in the electrochemically generated voltage (electromotive force) with application of force, stress, strain, pressure or acceleration. The change in the voltage is due to a change in the internal resistance of the electrochemical cell with a change in the relative position or orientation of the electrodes (anode and cathode) in the cell. The signal to be detected (e.g. force, stress, strain, pressure or acceleration) is applied to one of the electrodes to cause a change in the relative position or orientation between the electrodes. Various materials, solid, semisolid, gel, paste or liquid can be utilized as the electrolyte. The electrolyte must be an ion conductor. The examples of solid electrolytes include specific polymer conductors, polymer composites, ion conducting glasses and ceramics. The electrodes are made of conductors such as metals with dissimilar electronegativities. Significantly enhanced sensitivities, up to three orders of magnitude higher than that of comparable commercial sensors, are obtained. The materials are substantially less expensive than commercially used materials for mechanical sensors.

摘要翻译： 已经发明了用于感测力，应力，应变，压力和加速度等机械量的新颖技术。 该技术基于施加力，应力，应变，压力或加速度的电化学发生电压（电动势）的变化。 电压的变化是由于电池单元中电极（阳极和阴极）的相对位置或取向发生变化而导致的电化学电池内阻的变化。 要检测的信号（例如力，应力，应变，压力或加速度）被施加到电极中的一个以引起电极之间的相对位置或取向的改变。 可以使用各种材料，固体，半固体，凝胶，糊剂或液体作为电解质。 电解液必须是离子导体。 固体电解质的实例包括特定的聚合物导体，聚合物复合材料，离子导电玻璃和陶瓷。 电极由诸如具有不同电负性的金属的导体制成。 获得显着增强的敏感性，比可比较的商业传感器高出三个数量级。 这些材料比用于机械传感器的商业使用材料便宜得多。

公开(公告)号：US20090289230A1

公开(公告)日：2009-11-26

申请号：US12477980

申请日：2009-06-04

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： H01B1/12

CPC分类号： C08K3/02 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  C03C17/32 ,  C03C17/328 ,  C03C17/38 ,  C08K3/16 ,  G02F1/3616 ,  C08L21/00

摘要： Nonconjugated conductive polymers have a ratio of double bonds to total bonds of less than ½ are used to produce compositions with unexpected non-linear optical characteristics in this invention. Large third order optical effects including quadratic electro-optic effect and two-photon absorption have been measured in nonconjugated conductive polymers after doping the polymers. Among the nonconjugated polymers are styrene-butadiene-rubber copolymer (SBR), poly(β-pinene), poly(ethylene-pyrrolediyl) derivative, polynorbornene, cis-1,4 polyisoprene and trans-1,4 polyisoprene. The enhancement of the non-linear optical effect is due to the special charge-transfer complex structure and formation of nano-optical domains. Among the doping materials are electron acceptors such as iodine and antimony pentachloride.

摘要翻译： 在本发明中，非共轭导电聚合物具有小于1/2的双键与总键的比例用于产生具有意想不到的非线性光学特性的组合物。 在掺杂聚合物之后，已经在非共轭导电聚合物中测量了包括二次电光效应和双光子吸收的大的三阶光学效应。 在非共轭聚合物中，苯乙烯 - 丁二烯 - 橡胶共聚物（SBR），聚（β-蒎烯），聚（乙烯 - 吡咯烷基）衍生物，聚降冰片烯，顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯和反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯。 非线性光学效应的增强是由于特殊的电荷转移复合结构和纳米光畴的形成。 掺杂材料中有电子受体如碘和五氯化锑。

公开(公告)号：US20090020731A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-22

申请号：US12244054

申请日：2008-10-02

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： H01B1/12 ,  C08L7/00 ,  C08L9/06 ,  C08L9/00

CPC分类号： A01N25/10 ,  A01N59/12 ,  C03C17/32 ,  C03C17/328 ,  C03C17/42 ,  C08J3/26 ,  C08J2307/02 ,  C08J2321/00 ,  C08K3/02 ,  C08K3/16 ,  A01N59/16 ,  A01N25/34 ,  A01N2300/00 ,  C08L21/00

摘要： Nonconjugated conductive polymers, which are all polymers that have a ratio of double bonds to total bonds of less than ½ are doped with iodine to produce compositions with unexpected characteristics in this invention. The mechanical and elastomeric properties of a nonconjugated polymer can be enhanced by doping the polymer with an electron acceptor such as iodine, in order to cure the polymer. Among the nonconjugated polymers are the cis-1,4-polyisoprene, cis-1,4 polybutadiene, styrene-butadiene copolymers (SBR), ethylene-propylene-diene monomer and poly (β-pinene). A heated mixture of iodine and sulfur produces a faster rate of vulcanization of rubber than using sulfur alone.

摘要翻译： 所有聚合物都是具有双键与总键的比值小于1/2的非共轭导电聚合物掺杂碘以产生具有本发明特征的组合物。 为了固化聚合物，可以通过用诸如碘的电子受体掺杂聚合物来增强非共轭聚合物的机械和弹性性能。 非共轭聚合物中有顺式-1,4-聚异戊二烯，顺-1,4聚丁二烯，苯乙烯 - 丁二烯共聚物（SBR），乙烯 - 丙烯 - 二烯单体和聚（β-蒎烯）。 加热的碘和硫的混合物比单独使用硫产生更快的橡胶硫化速率。

公开(公告)号：US06586810B2

公开(公告)日：2003-07-01

申请号：US10217810

申请日：2002-08-12

申请人： Mrinal Thakur

发明人： Mrinal Thakur

IPC分类号： H01L2982

CPC分类号： G01L1/005 ,  G01L11/00 ,  G01P15/08

摘要： A method for sensing mechanical quantities such as force, stress, strain, pressure and acceleration is disclosed. This technology is based on a change in the electrochemically generated voltage (electromotive force) with application of force, stress, strain, pressure or acceleration. The change in the voltage is due to a change in the internal resistance of the electrochemical cell with a change in the relative position or orientation of the electrodes (anode and cathode) in the cell. The signal to be detected (e.g. force, stress, strain, pressure or acceleration) is applied to one of the electrodes to cause a change in the relative position or orientation between the electrodes. Various materials, solid, semisolid, gel, paste or liquid can be utilized as the electrolyte. The electrolyte must be an ion conductor. The examples of solid electrolytes include specific polymer conductors, polymer composites, ion conducting glasses and ceramics. The electrodes are made of conductors such as metals with dissimilar electro negativities. Significantly enhanced sensitivities, up to three orders of magnitude higher than that of comparable commercial sensors, are obtained. The materials are substantially less expensive than commercially used materials for mechanical sensors. An apparatus for sensing such mechanical quantities using materials such as doped 1,4 cis-polyisopropene and nafion. The 1,4 cis-polyisopropene may be doped with lithium perchlorate or iodine. The output voltage signal increases with an increase of the sensing area for a given stress. The device can be used as an intruder alarm, among other applications.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于感测力，应力，应变，压力和加速度等机械量的方法。 该技术基于施加力，应力，应变，压力或加速度的电化学发生电压（电动势）的变化。 电压的变化是由于电池单元中电极（阳极和阴极）的相对位置或取向发生变化而导致的电化学电池内阻的变化。 要检测的信号（例如力，应力，应变，压力或加速度）被施加到电极中的一个以引起电极之间的相对位置或取向的改变。 可以使用各种材料，固体，半固体，凝胶，糊剂或液体作为电解质。 电解液必须是离子导体。 固体电解质的实例包括特定的聚合物导体，聚合物复合材料，离子导电玻璃和陶瓷。 电极由诸如具有不相似的电负性的金属的导体制成。 获得显着增强的敏感性，比可比较的商业传感器高出三个数量级。 这些材料比用于机械传感器的商业使用材料便宜得多。 使用诸如掺杂的1,4-顺 - 多异丙烯和nafion的材料来感测这种机械量的装置。 1,4-顺式 - 聚异丙烯可掺杂高氯酸锂或碘。 输出电压信号随着给定应力的感测面积的增加而增加。 该设备可用作入侵者报警器，以及其他应用。