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    Method for the emulsion polymerization of olefins
    4.
    发明授权
    Method for the emulsion polymerization of olefins 失效
    烯烃乳液聚合方法

    公开(公告)号：US07683145B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-03-23

    申请号：US10521117

    申请日：2003-07-16

    申请人： Mubarik Mahmood Chowdhry ,  Markus Schmid ,  Peter Preishuber-Pfluegl ,  Xavier Sava ,  Horst Weiss ,  Stefan Mecking ,  Florian M. Bauers

    发明人： Mubarik Mahmood Chowdhry ,  Markus Schmid ,  Peter Preishuber-Pfluegl ,  Xavier Sava ,  Horst Weiss ,  Stefan Mecking ,  Florian M. Bauers

    IPC分类号： C08F4/00 ,  C08F2/00

    CPC分类号： C08F10/02 ,  C08F110/02 ,  C08F210/16 ,  C08F4/26 ,  C08F2/24 ,  C08F4/80 ,  C08F2500/02 ,  C08F2500/03 ,  C08F210/14 ,  C08F212/08 ,  C08F210/06 ,  C08F210/08

    摘要： A method for the emulsion polymerization of one or more olefins by reacting a ligand of general formulae Ia and Ib or a mixture of at least two ligands Ia or Ib, wherein R respectively represents one or several of the following radicals; hydrogen, halogen, nitrile, C1-C12-alkyl groups, C1-C12-alkoxy groups, C7-C13-aralkyl groups, C6-C14-aryl groups, and wherein identical or different compounds of general formulae Ia and Ib can, optionally, be concatenated by one or several bridges, with a phosphine compound PR3′ and a metal compound of general formula M(L2)2 or M(L2)2 (L1)z, wherein the variables are defined as follows: M is a transition metal of groups 7-10 in the periodic system of the elements; L1 represents phosphanes (R5)xPH3-x or amines (R5)xNH3-x with identical or different radicals R5, ether (R5)2O, H2O, alkohols (R5)OH, pyridine, pyridine derivatives of formula C5H5-x(R5)xN, CO, C1-C12-alkylnitriles, C6-C14-arylnitriles or ethylenically unsaturated double bond systems, wherein x is a whole number ranging from 0-3, L2 represents halogenide ions R6xNH3-x, wherein x is a whole number ranging from 0 3 and R6 represents C1-C12-alkyl, and C1-C6-alkylane ions, allylane ions, benzylane ions or arylane ions, wherein L1 and L2 can be concatenated with each other by one or several covalent bonds, z is a number ranging from 0 4. The invention also relates to the immediate use of the reaction product in the polymerization or copolymerization of olefins in water or in a solvent mixture containing at least 50 vol. % water in the presence of an emulsifier and, optionally, in the presence of an activator.

    摘要翻译： 通过使通式Ia和Ib的配体或至少两种配体Ia或Ib的混合物反应来使一种或多种烯烃乳液聚合的方法，其中R分别表示一个或几个以下基团; 氢，卤素，腈，C 1 -C 12 - 烷基，C 1 -C 12 - 烷氧基，C 7 -C 13 - 芳烷基，C 6 -C 14 - 芳基，并且其中相同或不同的通式Ia和Ib化合物可以任选地， 通过一个或几个桥连，与膦化合物PR3'和通式M（L2）2或M（L2）2（L1）z的金属化合物连接，其中变量定义如下：M是过渡金属 在元素周期性系统中的第7-10组; L1代表具有相同或不同基团的磷烷（R5）xPH3-x或具有相同或不同基团的胺（R5）xNH3-x5，醚（R5）2O，H2O，烷醇（R5）OH，吡啶，式C5H5-x（R5） xN，CO，C 1 -C 12烷基腈，C 6 -C 14 - 芳基腈或烯属不饱和双键体系，其中x为0-3的整数，L 2表示卤化物离子R 6 x N H 3-x，其中x为 O 3和R 6表示C 1 -C 12 - 烷基和C 1 -C 6 - 烷基离子，烯丙基离子，苯甲烷离子或芳基烷基离子，其中L1和L2可以通过一个或几个共价键彼此连接，z是数字范围 本发明还涉及立即使用反应产物在烯烃在水中或在含有至少50体积％的溶剂混合物中的聚合或共聚中。 在乳化剂存在下，和任选地，在活化剂存在下，水分。

    Switched mode converter and methods of controlling switched mode converters
    9.
    发明授权
    Switched mode converter and methods of controlling switched mode converters 有权
    开关模式转换器和控制开关模式转换器的方法

    公开(公告)号：US09263955B2

    公开(公告)日：2016-02-16

    申请号：US14342724

    申请日：2012-09-03

    申请人： Markus Schmid ,  Johann Baptist Daniel Kuebrich ,  Thomas Antonius Duerbaum ,  Hans Halberstadt ,  Gian Hoogzaad ,  Frans Pansier

    发明人： Markus Schmid ,  Johann Baptist Daniel Kuebrich ,  Thomas Antonius Duerbaum ,  Hans Halberstadt ,  Gian Hoogzaad ,  Frans Pansier

    IPC分类号： H02M3/156 ,  H02M3/335 ,  H02M1/08 ,  H02M1/00

    CPC分类号： H02M3/33507 ,  H02M1/08 ,  H02M3/33523 ,  H02M2001/0032 ,  H02M2001/0035 ,  H02M2001/0054 ,  H02M2001/0058 ,  Y02B70/1491 ,  Y02B70/16

    摘要： A method is disclosed of controlling a switched mode converter comprising a switch and for providing power to device having a load, comprising: in response to the load exceeding a first threshold, operating in a first mode, being a CCM; in response to the load exceeding a second threshold and not exceeding the first threshold, operating in second mode, being a BCM without valley skipping wherein the switching frequency increases with decreasing load; in response to the load exceeding a third threshold and not exceeding the second threshold, operating in a third mode, being a BCM with valley skipping, wherein the switching frequency depends on the load and the number of valleys skipped and is between a fixed upper and a lower switching frequency limit; and in response to the load not exceeding the third threshold, operating in a fourth mode, being a BCM with valley skipping, wherein the switching frequency depends on at least the load, and is between an upper and a lower switching frequency limit wherein the upper switching frequency limit decreases with decreasing load. A switched mode converter controlled by such a method is also disclosed.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种控制包括开关并用于向具有负载的装置提供电力的开关模式转换器的方法，包括：响应于所述负载超过第一阈值，以第一模式操作，为CCM; 响应于所述负载超过第二阈值且不超过所述第一阈值，在第二模式下操作，所述BCM不具有谷跳跃，其中所述开关频率随负载减小而增加; 响应于超过第三阈值并且不超过第二阈值的负载，以第三模式操作，作为具有谷跳跃的BCM，其中开关频率取决于跳过的负载和谷数，并且在固定的上限和 低开关频率限制; 并且响应于不超过第三阈值的负载，以第四模式操作，作为具有谷跳跃的BCM，其中开关频率至少取决于负载，并且处于上和下开关频率极限之间，其中上部 开关频率限制随负载减小而减小。 还公开了通过这种方法控制的开关模式转换器。