公开(公告)号：US20060171506A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-03

申请号：US10789653

申请日：2004-02-28

申请人： Paul Lovoi ,  John Rieke ,  Alex Lim ,  Peter Smith ,  Thomas Rusch

发明人： Paul Lovoi ,  John Rieke ,  Alex Lim ,  Peter Smith ,  Thomas Rusch

IPC分类号： H01J35/10 ,  H01J35/26 ,  H01J35/24 ,  H01J35/28 ,  H01J35/12

CPC分类号： A61N5/1002 ,  A61M25/003 ,  A61M25/10 ,  A61M2025/0004 ,  A61M2025/0034 ,  A61M2025/0036 ,  A61M2025/0039 ,  A61N2005/005 ,  A61N2005/1022 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/1216 ,  H01J2235/122 ,  H01J2235/1262 ,  H05G1/025

摘要： A miniature x-ray tube is cooled using a catheter preferably having multiple small lumens for inflow and outflow of coolant. Inflow may be through an outer lumen(s) in a concentric-extrusion catheter, the liquid turning back at the distal end of the catheter to a proximal flow over the anode end of the x-ray tube and through an inner lumen within which the x-ray tube is positioned. A coolant distribution head may engage with the anode end of the x-ray tube, with small orifices so as to distribute coolant essentially evenly over the anode surface. Temperature and flow rate of the inflowing coolant liquid are balanced so as to optimize heat transfer while efficiently carrying coolant through small lumens without the need for high pressures. Some embodiments use the inflation liquid in an applicator balloon as the coolant, with the liquid actively flowing or, in a simplified system, with the liquid static.

摘要翻译： 使用优选具有用于冷却剂的流入和流出的多个小流明的导管来冷却微型X射线管。 流入可以穿过同心挤出导管中的外腔，液体在导管的远端处返回到X射线管的阳极端上的近端流动并且穿过内腔，在内腔内 x射线管被定位。 冷却剂分配头可以与X射线管的阳极端接合，具有小孔，以便将冷却剂基本均匀地分布在阳极表面上。 流入的冷却剂液体的温度和流速是平衡的，以便优化热传递，同时有效地将冷却剂携带在小流明中，而不需要高压。 一些实施例使用施用器气囊中的充气液体作为冷却剂，其中液体主动地流动，或者在简化的系统中使液体静止。

公开(公告)号：US20050061533A1

公开(公告)日：2005-03-24

申请号：US10961962

申请日：2004-10-08

申请人： Paul Lovoi ,  Peter Smith ,  Alex Lim

发明人： Paul Lovoi ,  Peter Smith ,  Alex Lim

IPC分类号： A61N5/10 ,  H01J9/04 ,  H01J9/24 ,  H01J35/06 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01B1/00 ,  H01J35/00 ,  H01J35/22 ,  H02G1/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1001 ,  A61N5/1002 ,  H01J9/04 ,  H01J9/24 ,  H01J35/06 ,  H01J35/32 ,  H01J2235/02 ,  H01J2235/164

摘要： In a miniature x-ray tube, which may be on the order of approximately 1 mm in diameter or even less, a high voltage cable is provided in various embodiments for conducting current to the cathode of the x-ray tube and for conducting high voltage to the cathode and anode of the tube. In various embodiments of the cable, two conductors occupy a center region of the cable, packed as closely together as possible, in various shapes that are compact and present as smooth as possible an external shape for maximizing dielectric properties against the exterior high voltage ground, surrounding and generally concentric with the inner conductors. The inner conductors, which carry high voltage in opposition to the outer ground, can be in opposed D shapes, coaxial, two flattened conductors side by side, or simply a pair of cylindrical wires positioned as closely as possible. The space between the inner conductors and the outer ground can be occupied by a glass insulator, polymer, successive layers of polymers and adhesive, air, gas, vacuum or other dielectrics. A partially conductive region can surround the inner conductors.

摘要翻译： 在可以在大约1mm直径甚至更小的数量级的微型x射线管中，在各种实施例中提供高压电缆，用于将电流传导到x射线管的阴极和用于传导高电压 到管的阴极和阳极。 在电缆的各种实施例中，两个导体占据电缆的中心区域，尽可能紧密地包装在各种形状中，其紧凑并呈现尽可能平滑的外部形状，用于使外部高压地面的介电特性最大化， 围绕并且与内部导体大致同心。 承载与外部地面相对的高电压的内部导体可以彼此相对的D形状，同轴的，两个扁平的导体，或简单的一对圆柱形的电线尽可能靠近。 内部导体和外部地面之间的空间可以由玻璃绝缘体，聚合物，连续的聚合物层和粘合剂，空气，气体，真空或其它电介质占据。 部分导电区域可以围绕内部导体。

公开(公告)号：US20060173235A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-03

申请号：US11323346

申请日：2005-12-30

申请人： Alex Lim ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Heike Hausen ,  Daren Stewart

发明人： Alex Lim ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Heike Hausen ,  Daren Stewart

IPC分类号： A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1016 ,  A61N5/1048 ,  A61N2005/1005

摘要： A vaginal brachytherapy applicator is versatile to different anatomies and more comfortable to the patient than prior applicators. An inflatable balloon on a shaft may be inelastic or elastic. In one embodiment the shaft is rotatable relative to the balloon for enabling a ring or band of dose delivery, for versatility in radiation placement. Alternatively, the source can be rotated and pulled back within a stationary shaft. An adjustment is provided for reducing the length of balloon that inflates, to accommodate different anatomies and positions. Although isotope radiation sources can be used in the applicator, an electronic source is preferred, and the system and method include procedures for using the applicator with an electronic source.

摘要翻译： 阴道近距离放射治疗仪对于不同的解剖结构是多功能的，对于患者而言比以前的给药者更舒适。 轴上的可膨胀气球可能是无弹性的或弹性的。 在一个实施例中，轴可相对于球囊旋转，以实现用于辐射放置的多功能性的剂量递送环或带。 或者，源可以在固定轴内旋转和拉回。 提供了一种减小气囊膨胀长度的调整，以适应不同的解剖结构和位置。 虽然同位素辐射源可以用于施用器中，但是电子源是优选的，并且该系统和方法包括使用具有电子源的施加器的程序。

公开(公告)号：US20060173232A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-03

申请号：US11323347

申请日：2005-12-30

申请人： Paul Lovoi ,  Alex Lim

发明人： Paul Lovoi ,  Alex Lim

IPC分类号： A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1015 ,  A61N2005/1008

摘要： An applicator designed for use with a miniature electronic x-ray source, having a relatively large guide for the electronic source, is modified by an adapter inserted into the source guide to produce a narrower-diameter guide that will receive a standard afterloader that irradiates with isotopes.

摘要翻译： 设计用于具有用于电子源的相对较大的引导件的微型电子X射线源的施加器被插入到源引导件中的适配器改变以产生更窄直径的引导件，其将接收标准的后加载器，该引导器照射 同位素

公开(公告)号：US20080004479A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-03

申请号：US11820238

申请日：2007-06-18

申请人： Daren Stewart ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Thomas Rusch ,  Alex Lim ,  Darius Francescatti

发明人： Daren Stewart ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Thomas Rusch ,  Alex Lim ,  Darius Francescatti

IPC分类号： A61N5/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1015 ,  A61B90/39 ,  A61B2017/22051 ,  A61B2090/3933 ,  A61N2005/1003 ,  A61N2005/1061

摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for irradiating living tissue via a cavity or lumen, using an inflatable balloon applicator. In a preferred embodiment the applicator balloon has a balloon skin with x-ray contrast material in relatively low concentration, so that an outline of the balloon will appear sharply when imaged externally. In another preferred embodiment the balloon catheter has a drain for withdrawing liquids from the cavity, which may include channels or texture on the exterior of the balloon. Methods are described for using a switchable miniature x-ray tube, variable as to voltage and current, to achieve accuracy in an isodose profile.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于通过空腔或内腔照射活组织的方法和装置，使用可充气球囊施放器。 在优选实施例中，施放器气球具有具有相对较低浓度的x射线造影材料的气球皮肤，使得当从外部成像时气球的轮廓将显现出明显。 在另一个优选实施例中，球囊导管具有用于从空腔抽出液体的排水口，其可以包括气囊外部上的通道或纹理。 描述了使用可变形的微型X射线管的方法，其可变电压和电流，以获得等剂量曲线的精度。

公开(公告)号：US20050080313A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-14

申请号：US10683885

申请日：2003-10-10

申请人： Daren Stewart ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Thomas Rusch ,  Alex Lim ,  Darius Francescatti

发明人： Daren Stewart ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Thomas Rusch ,  Alex Lim ,  Darius Francescatti

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B6/00 ,  A61M25/00 ,  A61M36/00 ,  A61N20060101 ,  A61N5/10

CPC分类号： A61N5/1015 ,  A61M25/1002 ,  A61M2025/0008 ,  A61M2025/1086 ,  A61M2210/1007 ,  A61N2005/1018

摘要： An applicator for facilitating radiation treatment in a body cavity, particularly post resection, provides for superior wound closure management, with an integrated drain and a flexible main shaft that permits further treatments at intervals without disturbing the wound closure. The drain includes channels in the shaft, and the surface of an expandable balloon of the applicator may have features that help channel the flow of drain liquids toward the cavity entrance. Non-spherical, irregular geometries of balloons are achieved in several different ways. In some embodiments multiple balloons are included, either an inner and outer balloon or a series of balloons extending outwardly from the main shaft. Non-balloon applicators are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 用于促进体腔中辐射治疗，特别是后切除术的施用器提供了优异的创伤闭合管理，具有集成的排水管和柔性主轴，其允许间隔进一步的治疗而不干扰伤口闭合。 排水口包括轴中的通道，并且施加器的可膨胀气囊的表面可以具有帮助将排出液体流向空腔入口的特征。 气球的非球形，不规则几何形状以几种不同的方式实现。 在一些实施例中，包括多个气囊，内球囊和外球囊或从主轴向外延伸的一系列气球。 还公开了无气球涂抹器。

公开(公告)号：US20050080340A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-14

申请号：US10962247

申请日：2004-10-08

申请人： Daren Stewart ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Thomas Rusch ,  Alex Lim ,  Darius Francescatti

发明人： Daren Stewart ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Thomas Rusch ,  Alex Lim ,  Darius Francescatti

IPC分类号： A61B5/00 ,  A61B6/00 ,  A61B17/22 ,  A61B19/00 ,  A61M25/00 ,  A61M36/00 ,  A61N20060101 ,  A61N5/10

CPC分类号： A61N5/1015 ,  A61B90/39 ,  A61B2017/22051 ,  A61B2090/3933 ,  A61N2005/1003 ,  A61N2005/1061

摘要： Methods and apparatus are described for irradiating living tissue via a cavity or lumen, using an inflatable balloon applicator. In a preferred embodiment the applicator balloon has a balloon skin with x-ray contrast material in relatively low concentration, so that an outline of the balloon will appear sharply when imaged externally. In another preferred embodiment the balloon catheter has a drain for withdrawing liquids from the cavity, which may include channels or texture on the exterior of the balloon. Methods are described for using a switchable miniature x-ray tube, variable as to voltage and current, to achieve accuracy in an isodose profile.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于通过空腔或内腔照射活组织的方法和装置，使用可充气球囊施放器。 在优选实施例中，施放器气球具有具有相对较低浓度的x射线造影材料的气球皮肤，使得当从外部成像时气球的轮廓将显现出明显。 在另一个优选实施例中，球囊导管具有用于从空腔抽出液体的排水口，其可以包括气囊外部上的通道或纹理。 描述了使用可变形的微型X射线管的方法，其可变电压和电流，以获得等剂量曲线的精度。

公开(公告)号：US20070075277A1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-05

申请号：US11233921

申请日：2005-09-22

申请人： Peter Smith ,  Steve Axelrod ,  Paul Lovoi

发明人： Peter Smith ,  Steve Axelrod ,  Paul Lovoi

IPC分类号： G21F3/00

CPC分类号： G21F1/125 ,  G21F3/02

摘要： A flexible, lightweight radiation absorbing sheet or shield includes heavy metal particles in one layer and mid-atomic number particles in another layer, the layer that will adjacent to the patient. The shield is particularly intended for protection of the wearer and others from radiation emanating from a therapeutic source positioned within the patient's body. With the disclosed multi-layer shield construction, backscattered radiation off the heavy metal particle layer, affecting the patient's adjacent tissue, is minimized.

摘要翻译： 柔性，轻便的辐射吸收片或屏蔽层包括一层中的重金属颗粒和另一层中的中等原子序数颗粒，即与患者相邻的层。 护罩特别用于保护佩戴者和其他人免受来自位于患者体内的治疗源的辐射。 利用所公开的多层屏蔽结构，使重金属颗粒层的背散射辐射，影响患者的相邻组织，被最小化。

公开(公告)号：US20060093091A1

公开(公告)日：2006-05-04

申请号：US11291020

申请日：2005-11-30

申请人： Paul Lovoi ,  Petre Vatahov ,  Earl Dozier ,  Peter Smith ,  Leonard Reed ,  Robert Neimeyer

发明人： Paul Lovoi ,  Petre Vatahov ,  Earl Dozier ,  Peter Smith ,  Leonard Reed ,  Robert Neimeyer

IPC分类号： H05G2/00 ,  G21G4/00 ,  H01J35/00

CPC分类号： H01J35/06 ,  H01J35/14

摘要： Methods for connecting electrical potential to an extractor cup at the cathode of a miniature x-ray tube are disclosed. The various connection schemes are designed to form a rugged and conveniently manufacturable connection between the metal extractor cup and one side of the cathode filament, so that the extractor cup shapes the path of electrons as desired en route to the anode of the tube. Some of the disclosed connections involve evaporation of conductive metal or other materials off the filament when the filament is first activated. Others involve applying a paste or paint conductive precursor directly to a base to connect a post and the extractor, the paste being heat-cured after the completion of assembly. Others involve a fine wire or spring strip from one filament post to the walls of the extractor cup. Other schemes include welded or brazed wires or foil, crimping, pinching, swaging and other connections, all made inside the tube enclosure.

摘要翻译： 公开了将电位连接到微型X射线管的阴极处的抽出杯的方法。 各种连接方案被设计成在金属提取器杯和阴极丝的一侧之间形成坚固且方便可制造的连接，使得提取器杯根据需要在管的阳极途中形成电子的路径。 所公开的一些连接涉及当灯丝首先被激活时将导电金属或其它材料从灯丝上蒸发掉。 其他方面涉及将糊状物或涂料导电性前体直接施加到基底以连接柱和提取器，膏体在组装完成之后被热固化。 其他涉及从一个细丝柱到提取杯的壁的细丝或弹簧条。 其他方案包括焊接或钎焊线或箔，压接，夹紧，模锻和其他连接，全部在管外壳内。

公开(公告)号：US20070010746A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-11

申请号：US11520400

申请日：2006-09-12

申请人： Michael Forman ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Peter Smith

发明人： Michael Forman ,  Paul Lovoi ,  Peter Smith

IPC分类号： A61N5/00 ,  A61N5/02 ,  A61B19/00

CPC分类号： A61N5/1001 ,  A61B2090/306 ,  A61F9/0079 ,  A61N5/0601 ,  A61N5/062 ,  A61N5/1017 ,  A61N2005/0651 ,  A61N2005/0659 ,  A61N2005/1022 ,  A61N2005/1098

摘要： Age-related macular degeneration is treated by radiation delivered from a miniature x-ray tube inserted via a catheter around the globe of the eye, to a position behind the macula. The process can employ an applicator with several parallel guides, inserted around the eye to receive the catheter with x-ray tube (or an isotope) at a matrix of different positions. Methods are described for properly locating the catheter and x-ray tube, using illumination on the catheter and viewing through the front of the eye, or sensors on the catheter and a scanned beam shone from the front of the eye. Fluorescent material excited by x-rays can also be used. Also described are methods and devices for immobilizing the probe once properly located in the eye, for standoff of the x-ray tube from the target tissue, and for achieving prescription radiation dose in the choroid while eliminating dose to adjacent tissues. The x-ray treatment can be enhanced using a radiosensitizing drug, and can be combined with PDT.

摘要翻译： 年龄相关性黄斑变性通过从通过眼睛周围的导管插入的微型X射线管递送到黄斑后面的位置进行治疗。 该过程可以使用具有多个平行引导件的施用器，其插入眼睛周围以在不同位置的基质处接收具有x射线管（或同位素）的导管。 描述了用于适当地定位导管和X射线管的方法，使用导管上的照明和通过眼睛前方观察，或导管上的传感器以及从眼前方照射的扫描光束。 也可以使用由X射线激发的荧光材料。 还描述了一旦适当地定位在眼睛中来固定探针的方法和装置，用于X射线管与靶组织的间隔，并且用于在消除相邻组织的剂量的同时获得脉络膜中的处方辐射剂量。 可以使用放射增敏药物来增强X射线治疗，并且可以与PDT组合。