公开(公告)号：US08334738B2

公开(公告)日：2012-12-18

申请号：US12095067

申请日：2006-11-17

申请人： Richard G. Smith ,  Jason R. Bogusz ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Gary W. Hardesty ,  Thomas E. Kovanko ,  Richard P. Mikosz ,  Andrew D. Pfister ,  Roy T. Swanson ,  Keith W. Benson, IV

发明人： Richard G. Smith ,  Jason R. Bogusz ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Gary W. Hardesty ,  Thomas E. Kovanko ,  Richard P. Mikosz ,  Andrew D. Pfister ,  Roy T. Swanson ,  Keith W. Benson, IV

IPC分类号： H01H75/04 ,  H02H5/00

CPC分类号： H01H75/04 ,  G01R31/3274 ,  H01H1/0015 ,  H01H33/66 ,  H01H2009/0061 ,  H01H2071/044

摘要： A fault interrupting and reclosing device includes a circuit interrupter coupled to an actuator. The actuator includes at least one force generating element for generating an opening force for opening the circuit interrupter and for generating a restoring force to close the circuit interrupter. The device further includes a latch to engage the actuator to hold the contacts open once opened. In a preferred arrangement, the device is provided with an automatic mode of operation including a reclose process and a non-reclosing mode of operation. The device also preferably includes a method of determining the end-of-life of a vacuum interrupter monitors characteristics and/or parameters of a fault current or vacuum interrupter operation to predict a percent of life consumed with each fault current interruption operation. A cumulative percent of life consumed may also be determined, and an end-of-life may be predicted based upon the cumulative percent of life consumed.

摘要翻译： 故障中断和重合闸装置包括耦合到致动器的断路器。 致动器包括至少一个力产生元件，用于产生用于打开断路器的开启力并产生用于闭合断路器的恢复力。 该装置还包括一个闩锁，用于接合致动器，以便一旦打开就保持触点断开。 在优选的布置中，该装置具有自动操作模式，包括重合闸过程和非重合闸操作模式。 该装置还优选地包括确定真空断路器的寿命终止的方法监测故障电流或真空断续器操作的特性和/或参数，以预测每个故障电流中断操作消耗的寿命百分比。 也可以确定所消耗的生命的累积百分比，并且可以基于所消耗的生命的累积百分比来预测寿命终止。

公开(公告)号：US20080309437A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-18

申请号：US12095067

申请日：2006-11-17

申请人： Richard G. Smith ,  Jason R. Bogusz ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Gary W. Hardesty ,  Thomas E. Kovanko ,  Richard P. Mikosz ,  Andrew D. Pfister ,  Roy T. Swanson ,  Keith W. Benson IV

发明人： Richard G. Smith ,  Jason R. Bogusz ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Gary W. Hardesty ,  Thomas E. Kovanko ,  Richard P. Mikosz ,  Andrew D. Pfister ,  Roy T. Swanson ,  Keith W. Benson IV

IPC分类号： H01H75/04 ,  H02H5/00

CPC分类号： H01H75/04 ,  G01R31/3274 ,  H01H1/0015 ,  H01H33/66 ,  H01H2009/0061 ,  H01H2071/044

摘要： A fault interrupting and reclosing device includes a circuit interrupter coupled to an actuator. The actuator includes at least one force generating element for generating an opening force for opening the circuit interrupter and for generating a restoring force to close the circuit interrupter. The device further includes a latch to engage the actuator to hold the contacts open once opened. In a preferred arrangement, the device is provided with an automatic mode of operation including a reclose process and a non-reclosing mode of operation. The device also preferably includes a method of determining the end-of-life of a vacuum interrupter monitors characteristics and/or parameters of a fault current or vacuum interrupter operation to predict a percent of life consumed with each fault current interruption operation. A cumulative percent of life consumed may also be determined, and an end-of-life may be predicted based upon the cumulative percent of life consumed.

摘要翻译： 故障中断和重合闸装置包括耦合到致动器的电路断续器。 致动器包括至少一个力产生元件，用于产生用于打开断路器的开启力并产生用于闭合断路器的恢复力。 该装置还包括一个闩锁，用于接合致动器，以便一旦打开就保持触点断开。 在优选的布置中，该装置具有自动操作模式，包括重合闸过程和非重合闸操作模式。 该装置还优选地包括确定真空断路器的寿命终止的方法监测故障电流或真空断续器操作的特性和/或参数，以预测每个故障电流中断操作消耗的寿命百分比。 也可以确定所消耗的生命的累积百分比，并且可以基于所消耗的生命的累积百分比来预测寿命终止。

公开(公告)号：US08824116B2

公开(公告)日：2014-09-02

申请号：US13405705

申请日：2012-02-27

申请人： Richard G. Smith ,  Jason R. Bogusz ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Gary W. Hardesty ,  Thomas E. Kovanko ,  Richard P. Mikosz ,  Andrew D. Pfister ,  Roy T. Swanson ,  Keith W. Benson, IV

发明人： Richard G. Smith ,  Jason R. Bogusz ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Gary W. Hardesty ,  Thomas E. Kovanko ,  Richard P. Mikosz ,  Andrew D. Pfister ,  Roy T. Swanson ,  Keith W. Benson, IV

IPC分类号： H02H3/08

CPC分类号： H01H75/04 ,  G01R31/3274 ,  H01H1/0015 ,  H01H33/66 ,  H01H2009/0061 ,  H01H2071/044

摘要： A fault interrupting and reclosing device includes a circuit interrupter coupled to an actuator. The actuator includes at least one force generating element for generating an opening force for opening the circuit interrupter and for generating a restoring force to close the circuit interrupter. The device further includes a latch to engage the actuator to hold the contacts open once opened. In a preferred arrangement, the device is provided with an automatic mode of operation including a reclose process and a non-reclosing mode of operation. The device also preferably includes a method of determining the end-of-life of a vacuum interrupter monitors characteristics and/or parameters of a fault current or vacuum interrupter operation to predict a percent of life consumed with each fault current interruption operation. A cumulative percent of life consumed may also be determined, and an end-of-life may be predicted based upon the cumulative percent of life consumed.

摘要翻译： 故障中断和重合闸装置包括耦合到致动器的断路器。 致动器包括至少一个力产生元件，用于产生用于打开断路器的开启力并产生用于闭合断路器的恢复力。 该装置还包括一个闩锁，用于接合致动器，以便一旦打开就保持触点断开。 在优选的布置中，该装置具有自动操作模式，包括重合闸过程和非重合闸操作模式。 该装置还优选地包括确定真空断路器的寿命终止的方法监测故障电流或真空断续器操作的特性和/或参数，以预测每个故障电流中断操作消耗的寿命百分比。 也可以确定所消耗的生命的累积百分比，并且可以基于所消耗的生命的累积百分比来预测寿命终止。

公开(公告)号：US20120166103A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-28

申请号：US13405705

申请日：2012-02-27

申请人： Richard G. Smith ,  Jason R. Bogusz ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Gary W. Hardesty ,  Thomas E. Kovanko ,  Richard P. Mikosz ,  Andrew D. Pfister ,  Roy T. Swanson ,  Keith W. Benson, IV

发明人： Richard G. Smith ,  Jason R. Bogusz ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Gary W. Hardesty ,  Thomas E. Kovanko ,  Richard P. Mikosz ,  Andrew D. Pfister ,  Roy T. Swanson ,  Keith W. Benson, IV

IPC分类号： G06F19/00 ,  G01R31/333

CPC分类号： H01H75/04 ,  G01R31/3274 ,  H01H1/0015 ,  H01H33/66 ,  H01H2009/0061 ,  H01H2071/044

摘要： A fault interrupting and reclosing device includes a circuit interrupter coupled to an actuator. The actuator includes at least one force generating element for generating an opening force for opening the circuit interrupter and for generating a restoring force to close the circuit interrupter. The device further includes a latch to engage the actuator to hold the contacts open once opened. In a preferred arrangement, the device is provided with an automatic mode of operation including a reclose process and a non-reclosing mode of operation. The device also preferably includes a method of determining the end-of-life of a vacuum interrupter monitors characteristics and/or parameters of a fault current or vacuum interrupter operation to predict a percent of life consumed with each fault current interruption operation. A cumulative percent of life consumed may also be determined, and an end-of-life may be predicted based upon the cumulative percent of life consumed.

摘要翻译： 故障中断和重合闸装置包括耦合到致动器的断路器。 致动器包括至少一个力产生元件，用于产生用于打开断路器的开启力并产生用于闭合断路器的恢复力。 该装置还包括一个闩锁，用于接合致动器，以便一旦打开就保持触点断开。 在优选的布置中，该装置具有自动操作模式，包括重合闸过程和非重合闸操作模式。 该装置还优选地包括确定真空断路器的寿命终止的方法监测故障电流或真空断续器操作的特性和/或参数，以预测每个故障电流中断操作消耗的寿命百分比。 也可以确定所消耗的生命的累积百分比，并且可以基于所消耗的生命的累积百分比来预测寿命终止。

公开(公告)号：US20080303615A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-11

申请号：US12132578

申请日：2008-06-03

申请人： Gary W. Hardesty ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Richard G. Smith

发明人： Gary W. Hardesty ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Richard G. Smith

IPC分类号： H01H77/06

CPC分类号： H01H33/59 ,  H01H75/04 ,  H01H75/10

摘要： A fault interrupter and a method of operating a fault interrupter to reduce arcing time during fault interruption. Fault interrupter operation is delayed following detecting a peak current such that its operation occurs at a point of the current wave resulting in reduced arcing during fault isolation.

摘要翻译： 故障中断器和故障中断器的操作方法，以减少故障中断期间的电弧时间。 在检测到峰值电流之后，故障断续器的操作被延迟，使得其操作发生在当前波形的一点，导致故障隔离期间减少的电弧放电。

公开(公告)号：US07916437B2

公开(公告)日：2011-03-29

申请号：US12132578

申请日：2008-06-03

申请人： Gary W. Hardesty ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Richard G. Smith

发明人： Gary W. Hardesty ,  Michael G. Ennis ,  Richard G. Smith

IPC分类号： H02H3/00

CPC分类号： H01H33/59 ,  H01H75/04 ,  H01H75/10

摘要： A fault interrupter and a method of operating a fault interrupter to reduce arcing time during fault interruption. Fault interrupter operation is delayed following detecting a peak current such that its operation occurs at a point of the current wave resulting in reduced arcing during fault isolation.

摘要翻译： 故障中断器和故障中断器的操作方法，以减少故障中断期间的电弧时间。 在检测到峰值电流之后，故障断续器的操作被延迟，使得其操作发生在当前波形的一点，导致故障隔离期间减少的电弧放电。

公开(公告)号：US06493202B2

公开(公告)日：2002-12-10

申请号：US09791341

申请日：2001-02-23

申请人： Mark A. Kappel ,  Richard W. Waltz ,  Richard G. Smith ,  Donald F. Swietlik ,  Raymond H. Hannula ,  Christopher J. Wieloch ,  Jeffrey R. Annis

发明人： Mark A. Kappel ,  Richard W. Waltz ,  Richard G. Smith ,  Donald F. Swietlik ,  Raymond H. Hannula ,  Christopher J. Wieloch ,  Jeffrey R. Annis

IPC分类号： H01H4700

CPC分类号： H01H50/30 ,  H01H47/08 ,  H01H50/44 ,  H01H50/546

摘要： An electromagnetic operator includes first and second coils wound coaxially. An armature partially surrounds the coils for channeling flux during energization of the coils. The armature may be formed of a bent plate and secured to a ferromagnetic support. A control circuit applies energizing signals to the coils during operation. Both coils are energized during an initial phase of operation. One of the coils is subsequently released or de-energized automatically. A timing circuit removes current from the second coil after a variable time period. The time period may be a function of the configuration of the timing circuit, such as an RC time constant, and of the energizing signal.

摘要翻译： 电磁操作器包括同轴缠绕的第一和第二线圈。 电枢部分地围绕线圈，用于在线圈通电期间引导通量。 电枢可以由弯曲板形成并固定到铁磁性支撑件。 控制电路在操作期间向线圈施加通电信号。 两个线圈在初始操作阶段都通电。 其中一个线圈随后自动释放或断电。 定时电路在可变时间段之后从第二线圈去除电流。 该时间段可以是诸如RC时间常数和激励信号的定时电路的配置的函数。

公开(公告)号：US6130161A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-10

申请号：US866777

申请日：1997-05-30

申请人： Leon Ashley ,  Hormazdyar M. Dalal ,  Du Binh Nguyen ,  Hazara S. Rathore ,  Richard G. Smith

发明人： Leon Ashley ,  Hormazdyar M. Dalal ,  Du Binh Nguyen ,  Hazara S. Rathore ,  Richard G. Smith

IPC分类号： H01L21/768 ,  H01L23/48

CPC分类号： H01L21/76846 ,  H01L21/76847 ,  H01L21/76849 ,  H01L21/76858 ,  H01L21/76867 ,  H01L21/76873 ,  H01L21/76877

摘要： A method of providing sub-half-micron copper interconnections with improved electromigration and corrosion resistance. The method includes double damascene using electroplated copper, where the seed layer is converted to an intermetallic layer. A layer of copper intermetallics with halfnium, lanthanum, zirconium or tin, is provided to improve the electromigration resistance and to reduce defect sensitivity. A method is also provided to form a cap atop copper lines, to improve corrosion resistance, which fully covers the surface. Structure and methods are also described to improve the electromigration and corrosion resistance by incorporating carbon atoms in copper intersititial positions.

摘要翻译： 提供具有改善的电迁移和耐腐蚀性的亚半微米铜互连的方法。 该方法包括使用电镀铜的双镶嵌，其中晶种层转变为金属间层。 提供了一种具有铌，镧，锆或锡的铜金属间化合物，以提高电迁移率和降低缺陷敏感性。 还提供了一种在铜线顶上形成帽的方法，以提高完全覆盖表面的耐腐蚀性。 还描述了结构和方法，以通过在铜中间位置引入碳原子来改善电迁移和耐腐蚀性。

公开(公告)号：US6069068A

公开(公告)日：2000-05-30

申请号：US947277

申请日：1997-10-08

申请人： Hazara S. Rathore ,  Hormazdyar M. Dalal ,  Paul S. McLaughlin ,  Du B. Nguyen ,  Richard G. Smith ,  Alexander J. Swinton ,  Richard A. Wachnik

发明人： Hazara S. Rathore ,  Hormazdyar M. Dalal ,  Paul S. McLaughlin ,  Du B. Nguyen ,  Richard G. Smith ,  Alexander J. Swinton ,  Richard A. Wachnik

IPC分类号： H01L21/3205 ,  H01L21/768 ,  H01L23/52 ,  B05D5/06

CPC分类号： H01L21/76846 ,  H01L21/76847 ,  H01L21/76849 ,  H01L21/76858 ,  H01L21/76867 ,  H01L21/76873 ,  H01L21/76877

摘要： A method of providing sub-half-micron copper interconnections with improved electromigration and corrosion resistance. The method includes double damascene using electroplated copper, where the seed layer is deposited by chemical vapor deposition, or by physical vapor deposition in a layer less than about 800 angstroms.

摘要翻译： 提供具有改善的电迁移和耐腐蚀性的亚半微米铜互连的方法。 该方法包括使用电镀铜的双镶嵌，其中种子层通过化学气相沉积沉积，或通过物理气相沉积在小于约800埃的层中。

公开(公告)号：US06037795A

公开(公告)日：2000-03-14

申请号：US938871

申请日：1997-09-26

申请人： Ronald G. Filippi ,  James J. Poulin ,  Robert D. Raviart ,  Kenneth P. Rodbell ,  Richard G. Smith ,  Timothy D. Sullivan ,  Alexander J. Swinton

发明人： Ronald G. Filippi ,  James J. Poulin ,  Robert D. Raviart ,  Kenneth P. Rodbell ,  Richard G. Smith ,  Timothy D. Sullivan ,  Alexander J. Swinton

IPC分类号： G01R31/28 ,  H01L23/544

CPC分类号： G01R31/2858 ,  G01R31/2853 ,  H01L22/34 ,  H01L2924/0002

摘要： A test layout increases the sample size of electromigration experiments. Through pad sharing, the number of structures tested can be increased, allowing hundreds of identical structures to be tested in a single high temperature oven door.

摘要翻译： 测试布局增加了电迁移实验的样本量。 通过垫共享，可以增加测试结构的数量，允许在单个高温烤箱门中测试数百个相同的结构。