摘要:
Method and apparatus for determining accumulated film thickness at the inside diameter of a main stream conduit conducting a main stream of a flowing fluid by employing:a transparent shunt conduit to shunt from the main stream a sample stream of the process fluid,a reference light emitter and light detector at a reference section of the shunt where any appreciable film is removed, an upstream sample light emitter and detector opposed thereto,a common source of light so that respective emitters emit light beams of the same intensity, and means for determining concurrently analogs of light received by the detectors, whereby film thickness may be determined for the sample.
摘要:
The invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the amount of various materials in a liquid sample. Because the apparatus is particularly resilient it can be used repeatedly with very harsh liquid samples such as boot water from an oil refinery. The apparatus uses at least one volume and/or concentration independent optical analysis method to determine at least one of: the pH, amount of chloride, and/or amount of iron in the sample. The optical property can be colorimetric, fluorescent or both and result from adding dyes, complexing agents, turbidity inducing compounds, and other optically effecting reagents to the sample. Because the measurements are concentration and volume independent they can be done continuously, quickly, and avoid the inconvenient start and stop procedures in prior art measurement regimens. The method further includes using a BDD cell to oxidize materials (such as sulfoxy compounds) that would otherwise interfere with the optical analysis and/or to sparge the sample with gas.
摘要:
The invention provides a method and apparatus for determining the amount of various materials in a liquid sample. Because the apparatus is particularly resilient it can be used repeatedly with very harsh liquid samples such as boot water from an oil refinery. The apparatus uses at least one volume and/or concentration independent optical analysis method to determine at least one of: the pH, amount of chloride, and/or amount of iron in the sample. The optical property can be colorimetric, fluorescent or both and result from adding dyes, complexing agents, turbidity inducing compounds, and other optically effecting reagents to the sample. Because the measurements are concentration and volume independent they can be done continuously, quickly, and avoid the inconvenient start and stop procedures in prior art measurement regimens. The method further includes using a BDD cell to oxidize materials (such as sulfoxy compounds) that would otherwise interfere with the optical analysis and/or to sparge the sample with gas.
摘要:
A method for monitoring the deposition of one or more organic materials dispersed in an aqueous medium in a papermaking process comprising: measuring the rate of deposition of the organic materials from the aqueous medium on-to a quartz crystal microbalance having a top side contacting with the aqueous medium coated with a layer containing a non-swelling epoxy resin or a silicon containing polymer, and a second, bottom side isolated from the aqueous medium is disclosed. Additionally, a method for measuring the effectiveness of an inhibitor that decreases the deposition of the organic materials in a papermaking process is also disclosed.
摘要:
A system of equipment allowing addition of solid materials to a pressurized pipeline wherein said solid material is conveyed in such a way as to be readily dissolved by the liquid in said pipeline. The system includes a solid material transfer device that is used to transfer solid material to the point of intake in a pressurized pipeline, without allowing liquid from the process pipeline to access the solid material in the solid material feeder. The system of equipment has been found to be particularly useful in feeding pellets containing resazurin.
摘要:
Method and apparatus for electrochemical monitoring of oxidizing agents, such as nitrite, or reducing agents in a water system and for controlling concentration levels for protecting surfaces exposed to the water. The apparatus includes a probe for selective exposure to fresh water samples of the system. The probe is connected to an analyzer that operates the probe and measures agent concentration by a chronoamperometry technique. A controller selectively feeds an agent to the water system in accordance with a set point to maintain a desired concentration level.
摘要:
Analyzing the level of a treating agent and/or stress metals in a body of water containing an inert transition metal tracer added to the water proportionally with the treating agent by determining the absorbance (first absorbance value) of a reagent dye added to water, said dye producing a second absorbance value when reacted at the same concentration with the tracer and stress metals in a measure of said body of water, and said dye producing a third absorbance value when reacted at the same concentration with only the transition metal contained in a measure of said body of water; determining the second and third absorbance values and resolving their differences to determine the concentration of the tracer and, separately, the concentration of said stress metals.
摘要:
A method of measuring contamination in fluid that is expelled from a food processing system is presented. The method of measuring is carried out with fluorescence. The fluid is typically allowed to enter into an energy transfer system, but if the contamination exceeds a certain level, the fluid should be prevented from entering the energy transfer system. The fluid is generally comprised of water expelled from a sugar processing operation.
摘要:
A method for monitoring and controlling the thickness of coating on a creping cylinder is disclosed. The methodologies involve a coordinated scheme of apparatuses that function to monitor various aspects of a creping cylinder coating so that the thickness of the coating can be determined.
摘要:
A method for monitoring the microbiological contamination of opaque media is described and claimed. In this method, a Fluorogenic Dye is added to an Aliquot of opaque medium. After a certain time period, a fluorometer capable of measuring fluorescent signals in an opaque medium is used to measure the fluorogenic signals of the Fluorogenic Dye and the Reacted Fluorogenic Dye. A Useful RATIO of the fluorescent signal of the Reacted Fluorogenic Dye to the fluorescent signal of the Fluorogenic Dye is calculated and the information gleaned from the RATIO is used to ascertain the state of microbiological contamination in the opaque medium.