摘要:
For tempering the surface of a body, the body is covered with a sheath of at least one meltable active substance and binder material and heated under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere first to a temperature whereby the sheath is transformed into a porous cover layer with outer crust. Then the temperature is raised until the meltable active substance contained in the cover layer is evaporated. On the one hand, the meltable active substance seals the outer side of the cover layer, and on the other hand, the meltable active substance produces the tempered surface of the body. After the body has cooled, the residues of the cover layer are removed. The body is provided with a pore-free resistant surface.
摘要:
For the production of a shaped body of graphite with a reaction-bound Si/SiC coating it is proposed to bring the shaped body--provided with a slip layer of a homogenized mixture, heated and gassed under vacuum with gaseous silicon or impregnated with liquid silicon--to a form of predetermined dimensions. To this end the shaped body is treated after the coating by cutting or brushing or by electronically controlled laser erosion or by several of these measures.
摘要:
A process for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from water in a two stage process including a first electrolysis stage performed in a two chamber cell wherein the chambers are separated by a membrane. Iodine is introduced into the cathodic chamber and hydrogen iodide is formed therein. Oxygen is formed in the anodic chamber and is removed as a product. The membrane conducts hydrogen ions and prevents the passage of the products HI and oxygen. In a second phase, hydrogen iodide is separated and removed from the cathodic chamber and is thermally decomposed into hydrogen and iodine. The iodine is recycled to the cathodic chamber and the hydrogen is recovered as a product.
摘要:
A process for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen in a multi-stage closed cycle process using a system involving at least one metallic element having multiple valency and at least one halogen, characterized in that a halide of the multiple valency metallic element is subjected to a mixture of steam and hydrogen converting the halide to a mixture of the metallic element and at least one oxide thereof, said latter mixture is subjected to steam to produce a mixed valency oxide of the metallic element accompanied by the liberation of hydrogen, and said mixed valency oxide is then subjected to a hydrogen halide to convert it back to the said metallic halide with the liberation of oxygen.
摘要:
For separation of hydrogen and its isotopes by diffusion through a membraneirtually impermeable to other gases, a non-porous hydrogen-permeable metallic membrane is provided on the gas access side with a coating of an alloy of palladium with at least 45 atomic % Cu or at least 50 atomic percent Ag or at least 7 atomic % Y, the membrane itself containing Cu, Ag or Y respectively in a concentration at least equilibrated with the coating at operation temperature. Preferably the membrane consists of a metal of niobium and/or tantalum bases especially of an alloy containing from 10 to 30 % Ti, 3 to 10 % V, 0 to 25 % Nb and at least 30 % Ta, all by weight, and preferably it is of a composition of 20 to 25 % Ti, 5 to 7,5 % V, 0 to 25 Nb, and at least 50 % Ta, being saturated with copper and or silver, while a copper and/or silver palladium alloy coating is used. Such inherently oxidation sensitive membranes can be stabilized by provision of an internal intermediate layer in the form of a melt forming or containing an alkaline metal hydride and/or an alkaline earth metal hydride. A melt containing alkaline metal and/or alkaline earth metal which forms a hydride, brought into contact on the secondary side of a membrane in accordance with the invention, provides a hydrogen sink on the secondary side and inhibits internal hydride formation and secondary side oxidation of the membrane.
摘要:
An apparatus for producing hydrogen and oxygen or oxides wherein electrolysis of an aqueous system is carried out using, in the cathode compartment of the electrolysis cell, a hydride-forming liquid metal, the resulting hydride being thermally decomposed to produce the hydrogen.
摘要:
A thermoelectric generator has a cylindrical high temperature reactor as a heat source. A carbon-fiber reinforced graphite lattice structure supports a multiplicity of thermoelectric units which surround and receive heat from the core of the reactor. The reactor core is composed of fuel rods made of graphite in which nuclear fuel particles are embedded. The central portion of the core contains reflector elements. Power regulation is provided by control rods that are insertable into the core in openings among the fuel rods.
摘要:
A method of producing hydrogen and oxygen or oxides wherein electrolysis ofn aqueous system is carried out using, in the cathode compartment of the electrolysis cell, a hydride-forming liquid metal, the resulting hydride being thermally decomposed to produce the hydrogen.
摘要:
In a process for the electrolytic production of sulfuric acid by oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the presence of water in an anode compartment of an electrolysis cell and of hydrogen in the cathode compartment of the cell, the cathode compartment containing aqueous sulfuric acid as catholyte and being separated from the anode compartment by a hydrogen-ion transfer permitting membrane, the improvement which comprises introducing sulfur dioxide, water and hydrogen iodide or iodine, removing a mixture of aqueous sulfuric acid and hydrogen iodide from the anode compartment, separating the sulfuric acid from the mixture, and removing from the cathode compartment the hydrogen set free therein. The process gives a substantially lower overvoltage than prior art processes.
摘要:
Hydrogen and oxygen are obtained from water using a multi-step circulatory process using iron compounds and chlorine as adjuvants. Using three beds, respectively containing magnesium chloride, iron oxide and cuprous chloride, and by a four-step process involving passing steam through the magnesium bed, carbon monoxide through the iron bed, carbon dioxide through the copper bed, and steam through the iron bed one obtains hydrogen and oxygen as end products and is left with the starting materials in the respective beds. An efficiency of about 60% can be achieved by the process.