公开(公告)号：US4496373A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-29

申请号：US617831

申请日：1984-06-06

申请人： Friedrich Behr ,  Rudolf Schulten ,  Walter Weirich

发明人： Friedrich Behr ,  Rudolf Schulten ,  Walter Weirich

IPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D59/14 ,  C01B3/50

CPC分类号： B01D59/14 ,  B01D53/22 ,  B01D71/022 ,  C01B3/505

摘要： For separation of hydrogen and its isotopes by diffusion through a membraneirtually impermeable to other gases, a non-porous hydrogen-permeable metallic membrane is provided on the gas access side with a coating of an alloy of palladium with at least 45 atomic % Cu or at least 50 atomic percent Ag or at least 7 atomic % Y, the membrane itself containing Cu, Ag or Y respectively in a concentration at least equilibrated with the coating at operation temperature. Preferably the membrane consists of a metal of niobium and/or tantalum bases especially of an alloy containing from 10 to 30 % Ti, 3 to 10 % V, 0 to 25 % Nb and at least 30 % Ta, all by weight, and preferably it is of a composition of 20 to 25 % Ti, 5 to 7,5 % V, 0 to 25 Nb, and at least 50 % Ta, being saturated with copper and or silver, while a copper and/or silver palladium alloy coating is used. Such inherently oxidation sensitive membranes can be stabilized by provision of an internal intermediate layer in the form of a melt forming or containing an alkaline metal hydride and/or an alkaline earth metal hydride. A melt containing alkaline metal and/or alkaline earth metal which forms a hydride, brought into contact on the secondary side of a membrane in accordance with the invention, provides a hydrogen sink on the secondary side and inhibits internal hydride formation and secondary side oxidation of the membrane.

摘要翻译： 为了通过扩散通过实际上不可渗透到其它气体的膜来分离氢及其同位素，在气体存取侧上提供具有至少45原子％Cu的钯合金涂层的无孔氢可渗透金属膜，或 至少50原子％Ag或至少7原子％Y，膜本身分别含有在操作温度下至少与涂层平衡的浓度的Cu，Ag或Y。 优选地，该膜由铌和/或钽基的金属组成，特别是含有10至30％Ti，3至10％V，0至25％Nb和至少30％Ta的合金，全部重量，优选 其组成为20至25％Ti，5至7.5％V，0至25Nb，以及至少50％的Ta，被铜或银饱和，而铜和/或银钯合金涂层 用来。 这种固有的氧化敏感膜可以通过提供形成熔体或含有碱金属氢化物和/或碱土金属氢化物形式的内部中间层来稳定化。 包含碱金属和/或碱土金属的熔体，其形成根据本发明的膜的次级侧上接触的氢化物，其在次级侧上提供氢吸收剂，并且抑制内部氢化物形成和二次侧氧化 膜。

公开(公告)号：US4274938A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-23

申请号：US97968

申请日：1979-11-28

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr ,  Helmut Wenzl

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr ,  Helmut Wenzl

IPC分类号： C25B1/04 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/14 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B9/06 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C25B15/08 ,  C25C3/02 ,  C25B13/04

CPC分类号： C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/14 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02P20/132 ,  Y10T428/12063

摘要： An apparatus for producing hydrogen and oxygen or oxides wherein electrolysis of an aqueous system is carried out using, in the cathode compartment of the electrolysis cell, a hydride-forming liquid metal, the resulting hydride being thermally decomposed to produce the hydrogen.

摘要翻译： 一种用于生产氢和氧或氧化物的设备，其中使用在电解池的阴极室中进行电解的氢化物形成液态金属，所得的氢化物被热分解以产生氢。

公开(公告)号：US4235863A

公开(公告)日：1980-11-25

申请号：US12746

申请日：1979-02-16

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr ,  Helmut Wenzl

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr ,  Helmut Wenzl

IPC分类号： C25B1/04 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/14 ,  C25B9/00 ,  C25B9/06 ,  C25B9/08 ,  C01B1/03 ,  C01B15/00 ,  C01B6/04

CPC分类号： C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/14 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02P20/132 ,  Y10T428/12063

摘要： A method of producing hydrogen and oxygen or oxides wherein electrolysis ofn aqueous system is carried out using, in the cathode compartment of the electrolysis cell, a hydride-forming liquid metal, the resulting hydride being thermally decomposed to produce the hydrogen.

摘要翻译： 一种生产氢和氧或氧化物的方法，其中使用电解池的阴极室中的氢化物形成液态金属进行水系统的电解，所得氢化物被热分解以产生氢。

公开(公告)号：US4059496A

公开(公告)日：1977-11-22

申请号：US724290

申请日：1976-09-20

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr

IPC分类号： C01B17/74 ,  C25B1/22 ,  C25B1/02

CPC分类号： C25B1/22 ,  C01B17/74 ,  Y02P20/132

摘要： In a process for the electrolytic production of sulfuric acid by oxidation of sulfur dioxide in the presence of water in an anode compartment of an electrolysis cell and of hydrogen in the cathode compartment of the cell, the cathode compartment containing aqueous sulfuric acid as catholyte and being separated from the anode compartment by a hydrogen-ion transfer permitting membrane, the improvement which comprises introducing sulfur dioxide, water and hydrogen iodide or iodine, removing a mixture of aqueous sulfuric acid and hydrogen iodide from the anode compartment, separating the sulfuric acid from the mixture, and removing from the cathode compartment the hydrogen set free therein. The process gives a substantially lower overvoltage than prior art processes.

摘要翻译： 在电解池的阳极室中的水存在下通过二氧化硫的氧化和电池的阴极室中的氢的电解生产硫酸的方法中，阴极室含有硫酸水溶液作为阴极电解液， 通过氢离子转移允许膜与阳极室分离，其改进包括引入二氧化硫，水和碘化氢或碘，从阳极室除去硫酸和碘化氢的混合物，将硫酸从 混合物，并从阴极室除去其中没有的氢。 该方法给出比现有技术方法显着更低的过电压。

公开(公告)号：US4117102A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-26

申请号：US791720

申请日：1977-04-28

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr

IPC分类号： C07C1/02 ,  C01B13/00

CPC分类号： C07C1/02 ,  Y10S585/943

摘要： The invention comprises a recirculatory process for producing hydrocarbons and oxygen in which sulphur dioxide is reacted with iodine and water to form a hydrogen polyiode or a hydrate thereof and sulphuric acid, the sulphuric acid is separated and thermally decomposed to form water sulphur dioxide and oxygen, the polyiodide or its hydrate is decomposed to form iodine and gaseous hydrogen iodide which is concurrently or separately reacted with a carbon oxide or mixture of carbon oxides to form hydrocarbons especially methane and water, the hydrocarbons and water being removed from the system and the remaining reaction products recirculated.

公开(公告)号：US4085200A

公开(公告)日：1978-04-18

申请号：US768701

申请日：1977-02-15

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Friedrich Behr

IPC分类号： C07C1/02 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C07C9/04

CPC分类号： C07C1/02 ,  Y10S585/943

摘要： The invention comprises a recirculatory process for producing methane and oxygen in which iodine and an oxide in a lower valency stage are reacted with methanol, dimethylether or a mixture thereof at an elevated temperature to form the corresponding oxide having a higher valency stage and methyl iodide, the methyl iodide is reacted with water to form hydrogen iodide and reform the methanol and/or dimethylether, the hydrogen iodide is reacted with carbon dioxide to form methane and water and the oxide in the higher valency state is decomposed to release oxygen and reform the oxide having a lower valency stage, the methane and released oxygen are removed and the remaining components are recirculated.SPECIFICATION

摘要翻译： 本发明包括用于生产甲烷和氧的再循环方法，其中碘和低价态的氧化物在高温下与甲醇，二甲醚或其混合物反应，形成具有较高价态的相应氧化物和甲基碘， 甲基碘与水反应形成碘化氢并重整甲醇和/或二甲醚，碘化氢与二氧化碳反应形成甲烷和水，较高价态的氧化物分解释放氧气并重整氧化物 具有较低的价态阶段，除去甲烷和释放的氧气，并将剩余的组分再循环。

公开(公告)号：US4544459A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-01

申请号：US629706

申请日：1984-07-11

申请人： Bernd-Dieter Struck ,  Bernd Biallas ,  Rudolf Schulten

发明人： Bernd-Dieter Struck ,  Bernd Biallas ,  Rudolf Schulten

IPC分类号： C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/10 ,  C25B1/22 ,  C25B1/24

CPC分类号： C25B1/10 ,  C25B1/02 ,  C25B1/22 ,  Y02E60/366

摘要： A process for obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from water in a two stage process including a first electrolysis stage performed in a two chamber cell wherein the chambers are separated by a membrane. Iodine is introduced into the cathodic chamber and hydrogen iodide is formed therein. Oxygen is formed in the anodic chamber and is removed as a product. The membrane conducts hydrogen ions and prevents the passage of the products HI and oxygen. In a second phase, hydrogen iodide is separated and removed from the cathodic chamber and is thermally decomposed into hydrogen and iodine. The iodine is recycled to the cathodic chamber and the hydrogen is recovered as a product.

摘要翻译： 一种在两级方法中从水中获得氢和氧的方法，包括在两室单元中执行的第一电解阶段，其中室由膜分离。 将碘引入阴极室，并在其中形成碘化氢。 在阳极室中形成氧并作为产品除去。 膜传导氢离子并防止产物HI和氧的通过。 在第二阶段，将碘化氢从阴极室中分离并除去，并被热分解成氢和碘。 将碘循环到阴极室中，氢气作为产物回收。

公开(公告)号：US4011305A

公开(公告)日：1977-03-08

申请号：US512797

申请日：1974-10-04

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Karl Friedrich Knoche

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Karl Friedrich Knoche

IPC分类号： C01B3/06 ,  C01B3/10 ,  C01B13/02 ,  C01G49/08

CPC分类号： C01B3/105 ,  C01B13/0207 ,  C01B3/063 ,  C01G49/08 ,  Y02E60/36

摘要： A process for the dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen in a multi-stage closed cycle process using a system involving at least one metallic element having multiple valency and at least one halogen, characterized in that a halide of the multiple valency metallic element is subjected to a mixture of steam and hydrogen converting the halide to a mixture of the metallic element and at least one oxide thereof, said latter mixture is subjected to steam to produce a mixed valency oxide of the metallic element accompanied by the liberation of hydrogen, and said mixed valency oxide is then subjected to a hydrogen halide to convert it back to the said metallic halide with the liberation of oxygen.

公开(公告)号：US5318799A

公开(公告)日：1994-06-07

申请号：US12596

申请日：1993-02-03

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Behzad Sahabi ,  Harald Lorson ,  Kusnanto ,  Antonio M. Hurtado

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Behzad Sahabi ,  Harald Lorson ,  Kusnanto ,  Antonio M. Hurtado

IPC分类号： C04B41/89 ,  C04B41/45 ,  C04B41/91 ,  C23C10/28 ,  C23C10/44 ,  C23C10/48 ,  C23C10/50 ,  C23C10/52 ,  C23C10/60 ,  B05D3/02

CPC分类号： C23C10/50 ,  C04B41/4523 ,  C23C10/52 ,  C23C10/60

摘要： For tempering the surface of a body, the body is covered with a sheath of at least one meltable active substance and binder material and heated under vacuum or in an inert atmosphere first to a temperature whereby the sheath is transformed into a porous cover layer with outer crust. Then the temperature is raised until the meltable active substance contained in the cover layer is evaporated. On the one hand, the meltable active substance seals the outer side of the cover layer, and on the other hand, the meltable active substance produces the tempered surface of the body. After the body has cooled, the residues of the cover layer are removed. The body is provided with a pore-free resistant surface.

摘要翻译： 为了回火身体的表面，身体被至少一种可熔化活性物质和粘合剂材料的护套覆盖，并且在真空下或在惰性气氛中首先被加热到一个温度，由此护套被转变成具有外部的多孔覆盖层 脆皮。 然后升高温度直到包含在覆盖层中的可熔融活性物质蒸发。 一方面，可熔融活性物质密封着覆盖层的外侧，另一方面，可熔融活性物质产生了本体的回火表面。 身体冷却后，覆盖层的残留物被去除。 身体设有无孔的抗磨面。

公开(公告)号：US5236638A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-17

申请号：US931699

申请日：1992-08-18

申请人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Behzad Sahabi

发明人： Rudolf Schulten ,  Behzad Sahabi

IPC分类号： C04B41/50 ,  C04B41/87

CPC分类号： C04B41/009 ,  C04B41/5059 ,  C04B41/87

摘要： For the production of a shaped body of graphite with a reaction-bound Si/SiC coating it is proposed to bring the shaped body--provided with a slip layer of a homogenized mixture, heated and gassed under vacuum with gaseous silicon or impregnated with liquid silicon--to a form of predetermined dimensions. To this end the shaped body is treated after the coating by cutting or brushing or by electronically controlled laser erosion or by several of these measures.

摘要翻译： 为了生产具有反应结合的Si / SiC涂层的成形体的石墨，建议使具有均匀化混合物的滑动层的成形体带有气态硅或真空浸渍或用液态硅浸渍 到预定尺寸的形式。 为此，通过切割或刷涂或通过电子控制的激光侵蚀或通过这些措施中的几种来对被成形体进行处理。