公开(公告)号：US20110042238A1

公开(公告)日：2011-02-24

申请号：US12706125

申请日：2010-02-16

申请人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton ,  Peter Wall

发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton ,  Peter Wall

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/49

摘要： A sodium sensor to measure a concentration of sodium methylate in methanol. The sensor assembly includes a solid alkali ion conducting membrane, a reference electrode, and a measurement electrode. The solid alkali ion conducting membrane transports ions between two alkali-containing solutions, including an aqueous solution and a non-aqueous solution. The reference electrode is at least partially within an alkali halide solution of a known alkali concentration on a first side of the solid alkali ion conducting membrane. The measurement electrode is on a second side of the solid alkali ion conducting membrane. The measurement electrode exhibits a measurable electrical characteristic corresponding to a measured alkali concentration within the non-aqueous solution, to which the measurement electrode is exposed.

摘要翻译： 用于测量甲醇钠甲醇浓度的钠传感器。 传感器组件包括固体碱离子传导膜，参比电极和测量电极。 固体碱离子导电膜在两种含碱溶液之间输送离子，包括水溶液和非水溶液。 参考电极至少部分地在固体碱离子传导膜的第一侧上已知碱浓度的碱金属卤化物溶液中。 测量电极位于固体碱离子传导膜的第二侧。 测量电极显示对应于测量电极暴露于其中的非水溶液内测量的碱浓度的可测量的电特性。

公开(公告)号：US08382974B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-26

申请号：US12706125

申请日：2010-02-16

申请人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton ,  Peter Wall

发明人： Sai Bhavaraju ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton ,  Peter Wall

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/49

摘要： A sodium sensor to measure a concentration of sodium methylate in methanol. The sensor assembly includes a solid alkali ion conducting membrane, a reference electrode, and a measurement electrode. The solid alkali ion conducting membrane transports ions between two alkali-containing solutions, including an aqueous solution and a non-aqueous solution. The reference electrode is at least partially within an alkali halide solution of a known alkali concentration on a first side of the solid alkali ion conducting membrane. The measurement electrode is on a second side of the solid alkali ion conducting membrane. The measurement electrode exhibits a measurable electrical characteristic corresponding to a measured alkali concentration within the non-aqueous solution, to which the measurement electrode is exposed.

摘要翻译： 用于测量甲醇钠甲醇浓度的钠传感器。 传感器组件包括固体碱离子传导膜，参比电极和测量电极。 固体碱离子导电膜在两种含碱溶液之间输送离子，包括水溶液和非水溶液。 参考电极至少部分地在固体碱离子传导膜的第一侧上已知碱浓度的碱金属卤化物溶液中。 测量电极位于固体碱离子传导膜的第二侧。 测量电极显示对应于测量电极暴露于其中的非水溶液内测量的碱浓度的可测量的电特性。

公开(公告)号：US20090057162A1

公开(公告)日：2009-03-05

申请号：US12264068

申请日：2008-11-03

申请人： Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

发明人： Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton ,  Ashok V. Joshi ,  Sai Bhavaraju

IPC分类号： C25B3/00 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： C25B1/04 ,  C25B3/04 ,  C25B13/04 ,  Y02E60/366

摘要： Methods and apparatus for separating alkali metal ions from alkali salts of glycerine to thereby form clean glycerine. These methods are enabled by the use of alkali ion conductive membranes in electrolytic cells that are chemically stable in low pH conditions. The alkali ion conductive membrane preferably includes a chemically stable ionic-selective polymer membrane. A layered composite of a chemically stable ionic-selective polymer and a cation-conductive ceramic membrane is disclosed.

摘要翻译： 将碱金属离子与甘油碱性盐分离从而形成干净的甘油的方法和设备。 这些方法可以通过在低pH条件下化学稳定的电解池中使用碱离子导电膜来实现。 碱离子导电膜优选包括化学稳定的离子选择性聚合物膜。 公开了一种化学稳定的离子选择性聚合物和阳离子导电陶瓷膜的层状复合材料。

公开(公告)号：US20080245671A1

公开(公告)日：2008-10-09

申请号：US12062458

申请日：2008-04-03

申请人： Shekar Balagopal ,  Marc Flinders ,  Justin Pendelton

发明人： Shekar Balagopal ,  Marc Flinders ,  Justin Pendelton

IPC分类号： C25B1/16 ,  C25B9/00

CPC分类号： C25B1/16 ,  C01B25/37 ,  C02F1/46104 ,  C02F1/46109 ,  C02F2001/46128 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2201/46115 ,  C02F2201/4618 ,  C04B35/16 ,  C04B35/447 ,  C04B35/462 ,  C04B35/481 ,  C04B2235/3201 ,  C04B2235/3224 ,  C04B2235/3225 ,  C04B2235/3232 ,  C04B2235/3244 ,  C04B2235/3287 ,  C04B2235/3291 ,  C04B2235/3293 ,  C04B2235/447 ,  C25B13/04 ,  G21C19/46 ,  G21F9/06 ,  Y02W30/883

摘要： A method is provided to recycle and synthesize aqueous alkali chemicals from industrial and radioactively contaminated alkali salt based waste streams using a two-compartment electrolytic cell having an alkali cation-conductive ceramic membrane. The processes and apparatus provide the capability of recycling and synthesizing value added chemicals, including but not limited to, alkali hydroxides.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种使用具有碱性阳离子导电陶瓷膜的两室电解池从工业和放射性污染的碱性盐基废物流中再循环和合成含水碱性化学品的方法。 该方法和装置提供回收和合成增值化学品的能力，包括但不限于碱金属氢氧化物。

公开(公告)号：US20080173551A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-24

申请号：US11863846

申请日：2007-09-28

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

IPC分类号： C25B3/00

CPC分类号： C25B3/04

摘要： Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an anolyte compartment configured with an anode, a buffer compartment, and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. First and second separators are positioned between the anolyte compartment and the catholyte compartment to define a buffer compartment. The first and second separators are permeable to alkali ions. They may be fabricated of the same or different materials including, but not limited to, an alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions, a porous ceramic, or a porous polymer separator material. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.

摘要翻译： 碱金属醇盐，也称碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解池包括由阳极构成的阳极电解液室，缓冲隔室和配置有阴极的阴极电解液室。 第一和第二分离器位于阳极电解液室和阴极电解液室之间以限定缓冲室。 第一和第二分离器对碱离子是可渗透的。 它们可以由相同或不同的材料制成，包括但不限于构造成选择性地输送碱离子的碱离子导电固体电解质，多孔陶瓷或多孔聚合物隔板材料。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。

公开(公告)号：US20080173540A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-24

申请号：US11865361

申请日：2007-10-01

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

IPC分类号： C25B9/00

CPC分类号： C25B3/04

摘要： Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an anolyte compartment configured with an anode, a buffer compartment, and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. First and second separators are positioned between the anolyte compartment and the catholyte compartment to define a buffer compartment. The first and second separators are permeable to alkali ions. They may be fabricated of the same or different materials including, but not limited to, an alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions, a porous ceramic, or a porous polymer separator material. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.

摘要翻译： 碱金属醇盐，也称碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解池包括由阳极构成的阳极电解液室，缓冲隔室和配置有阴极的阴极电解液室。 第一和第二分离器位于阳极电解液室和阴极电解液室之间以限定缓冲室。 第一和第二分离器对碱离子是可渗透的。 它们可以由相同或不同的材料制成，包括但不限于构造成选择性地输送碱离子的碱离子导电固体电解质，多孔陶瓷或多孔聚合物隔板材料。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。

公开(公告)号：US20130048509A1

公开(公告)日：2013-02-28

申请号：US13223045

申请日：2011-08-31

申请人： Shekar Balagopal ,  Marc Flinders ,  Justin Pendelton

发明人： Shekar Balagopal ,  Marc Flinders ,  Justin Pendelton

IPC分类号： C25B1/16

CPC分类号： C25B1/16 ,  C25B1/10 ,  C25B9/206 ,  C25B13/04 ,  C25B15/08 ,  Y02E60/366

摘要： A method for producing an alkali metal hydroxide, comprises providing an electrolytic cell that includes at least one membrane having ceramic material configured to selectively transport alkali metal ions. The method includes introducing a first solution comprising an alkali metal hydroxide solution into a catholyte compartment such that said first solution is in communication with the membrane and a cathode. A second solution comprising at least one alkali metal salt and one or more monovalent, divalent, or multivalent metal salts is introduced into an anolyte compartment such that said second solution is in communication with the membrane and an anode. The method includes applying an electric potential to the electrolytic cell such that alkali metal ions pass through the membrane and are available to undertake a chemical reaction with hydroxyl ions in the catholyte compartment to form alkali metal hydroxide.

摘要翻译： 一种碱金属氢氧化物的制造方法，其特征在于，提供一种电解槽，该电解槽具有至少一层具有选择性地输送碱金属离子的陶瓷材料的膜。 该方法包括将包含碱金属氢氧化物溶液的第一溶液引入阴极电解液室，使得所述第一溶液与膜和阴极连通。 将包含至少一种碱金属盐和一种或多种一价，二价或多价金属盐的第二溶液引入阳极电解液室，使得所述第二溶液与膜和阳极连通。 该方法包括向电解槽施加电位使得碱金属离子通过膜并且可用于与阴极电解液室中的羟基离子进行化学反应以形成碱金属氢氧化物。

公开(公告)号：US20080142373A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

申请号：US11611054

申请日：2006-12-14

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

IPC分类号： C25B3/12

CPC分类号： C25B3/04 ,  C25B3/00

摘要： Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an anolyte compartment configured with an anode, a buffer compartment, and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. An alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions is positioned between the anolyte compartment and the buffer compartment. An alkali ion permeable separator is positioned between the buffer compartment and the catholyte compartment. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.

摘要翻译： 碱金属醇盐，也称碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解池包括由阳极构成的阳极电解液室，缓冲隔室和配置有阴极的阴极电解液室。 构造成选择性输送碱离子的碱离子导电固体电解质位于阳极电解液室和缓冲室之间。 碱离子可渗透分离器位于缓冲室和阴极电解液室之间。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。

公开(公告)号：US08075758B2

公开(公告)日：2011-12-13

申请号：US11611054

申请日：2006-12-14

申请人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

发明人： Ashok V. Joshi ,  Shekar Balagopal ,  Justin Pendelton

IPC分类号： C25B3/00

CPC分类号： C25B3/04 ,  C25B3/00

摘要： Alkali alcoholates, also called alkali alkoxides, are produced from alkali metal salt solutions and alcohol using a three-compartment electrolytic cell. The electrolytic cell includes an anolyte compartment configured with an anode, a buffer compartment, and a catholyte compartment configured with a cathode. An alkali ion conducting solid electrolyte configured to selectively transport alkali ions is positioned between the anolyte compartment and the buffer compartment. An alkali ion permeable separator is positioned between the buffer compartment and the catholyte compartment. The catholyte solution may include an alkali alcoholate and alcohol. The anolyte solution may include at least one alkali salt. The buffer compartment solution may include a soluble alkali salt and an alkali alcoholate in alcohol.

摘要翻译： 碱金属醇盐，也称碱金属醇盐，使用三室电解池由碱金属盐溶液和醇制备。 电解池包括由阳极构成的阳极电解液室，缓冲隔室和配置有阴极的阴极电解液室。 构造成选择性输送碱离子的碱离子导电固体电解质位于阳极电解液室和缓冲室之间。 碱离子可渗透分离器位于缓冲室和阴极电解液室之间。 阴极电解液可以包括碱性醇化物和醇。 阳极电解液可以包括至少一种碱金属盐。 缓冲室溶液可以包括可溶性碱金属盐和醇中的碱金属盐。

公开(公告)号：US20070184204A1

公开(公告)日：2007-08-09

申请号：US11627302

申请日：2007-01-25

申请人： Shekar Balagopal ,  Akash Akash ,  Justin Pendelton

发明人： Shekar Balagopal ,  Akash Akash ,  Justin Pendelton

IPC分类号： B05D1/36

CPC分类号： C23C2/02 ,  C23C4/02 ,  C23C8/02 ,  C23C26/00 ,  C23C28/042 ,  C23C28/322 ,  C23C28/3225 ,  C23C28/345 ,  C23C28/3455 ,  Y02T50/67 ,  Y02T50/6765

摘要： An apparatus and method to improve protection of a pre-coated substrate in various environments. The apparatus may include a pre-coated substrate having a substantially porous vapor-deposited coating and one or more non-porous ceramic oxide-based layers applied to the pre-coated substrate by a non-vapor deposition technique. The coefficient of thermal expansion corresponding to the non-porous ceramic oxide-based layer may substantially match the thermal expansion coefficient of the vapor-deposited coating to facilitate thermal compatibility between the two. Further, the non-porous ceramic oxide-based layer may infiltrate pores of the substantially porous vapor-deposited coating to provide a well-bonded hermetic seal that limits fluid access to the pre-coated substrate through the substantially porous vapor-deposited coating.

摘要翻译： 改善在各种环境中预涂底物保护的装置和方法。 该设备可以包括具有基本上多孔的气相沉积涂层和通过非气相沉积技术施加到预涂覆的基​​底上的一个或多个无孔陶瓷氧化物基层的预涂层基底。 对应于无孔陶瓷氧化物基层的热膨胀系数可以与气相沉积涂层的热膨胀系数基本一致，以促进两者之间的热相容性。 此外，无孔陶瓷氧化物基层可能渗透基本上多孔的气相沉积涂层的孔，以提供良好结合的气密密封，从而限制流体通过基本上多孔的气相沉积涂层进入预涂覆的基​​底。