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公开(公告)号：US5136377A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-04
申请号：US626279
申请日：1990-12-11
申请人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
CPC分类号： H04N19/94 , H04N19/126 , H04N19/139 , H04N19/14 , H04N19/154 , H04N19/172 , H04N19/176 , H04N19/60 , H04N19/61 , H04N19/63 , H04N19/10 , H04N19/115 , H04N19/124 , H04N19/146 , H04N19/152
摘要： A quantizer, with quantization control that is sensitive to input signal characteristics and to output buffer fullness responds to an input signal that is divided into blocks and DCT transformed. The transformed signal is analyzed to develop a brightness correction and to evaluate the texture of the image and the change in texture in the image. Based on these, and in concert with the human visual perception model, perception threshold signals are created for each subband of the transformed signal. Concurrently, scale factors for each subband of the transformed signal are computed, and a measure of variability in the transformed input signal is calculated. A measure of the fullness of the buffer to which the quantizer sends its encoded results is obtained, and that measure is combined with the calculated signal variability to develop a correction signal. The correction signal modifies the perception threshold signals to develop threshold control signals that are applied to the quantizer. The scale factors are also applied to the quantizer, as well as a global target distortion measure.
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公开(公告)号：US5128756A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-07
申请号：US625349
申请日：1990-12-11
申请人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
CPC分类号： H04N19/895 , H04N19/37 , H04N19/50 , H04N19/61
摘要： Graceful degradation for digitally encoded HDTV signals is achieved by appropriately coding the image to provide a controllable degradation of chosen image characteristics, such as temporal degradation, spatial degradation, and dynamic range degradation. In the temporal degradation approach of this invention, the resolution of movement suffers when noise is introduced. In the spatial degradation approach, the spatial resolution of the image is sacrificed. In the range degradation approach, the dynamic range of the signals is sacrificed. The graceful degradation is achieved by dividing the transmitted signal into two or more parts, such as parts A, B and C. Part A is given the heaviest error-correcting code; part B is given a "medium" error correcting code; and part C the is given the least powerful error correcting code (or perhaps none at all). A receiver that is close to the transmitter most likely receives parts A, B and C. A receiver that is farther away gets a noisier signal might and, perhaps, correctly receive only parts A and B. A receiver that is at the limits of the transmitter range might receive correctly only part A. Of course, the signals of parts A, B and C are constructed in a hierarchical fashion so that part A provides basic signal information; part B augments the basic information to produce a better picture; and part C augments part A plus B to produce the highest resolution picture.
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公开(公告)号：US5134477A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US626355
申请日：1990-12-11
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
IPC分类号： H03M7/30 , H04B1/16 , H04N7/015 , H04N7/26 , H04N7/28 , H04N7/32 , H04N7/50 , H04N11/04 , H04N21/236 , H04N21/434
CPC分类号： H04N21/434 , H04N19/00 , H04N19/50 , H04N19/61 , H04N19/94 , H04N21/236 , H04N19/70
摘要： An HDTV receiver design includes a reconstruction section and an inner loop section. The reconstruction section comprises a receiving section for accepting the television receiver's antenna signals, for separating out the component signals from the received signals and for decoding the separated signals. The decoded signals are applied to a quantization decoder that is responsive to vector codebook and to applied quantized vector signals, and the output signals of the quantization decoder are applied to an inverse DCT circuit. The inner loop comprises an adder for adding an estimate signal to the output of the DCT circuit, a frame buffer, a motion compensation circuit that is capable of translating large blocks as well as small blocks and a leak circuit that modulates the output of the motion compensator circuit in accordance with a received leak control signal. The input to the frame buffer is also applied to conventional amplification and display circuits to form the familiar output of a television receiver.
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4.发明授权High definition television arrangement with signal selections adapted to the available transmission capacity 失效具有适应于可用传输容量的信号选择的高分辨率电视装置
公开(公告)号：US5063444A
公开(公告)日：1991-11-05
申请号：US495523
申请日：1990-03-19
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
CPC分类号： H04N7/015 , G06T9/008 , H04N19/37 , H04N19/523 , H04N19/61 , H04N19/63 , H04N19/94 , H04N7/54
摘要： A high definition television system that is characterized by low transmission bandwidth is achieved by removing redundancies in the signal, encoding the remaining signals, and transmitting the encoded signal in a manner that is most compatible with the applicable standards. In the encoding, groups of signals to be sent are mapped to codebook vectors and the identities of the codebook vectors are sent together with those signals of the groups of signals that correspond to the codebook vectors. To insure that the total number of signals that are sent does not exceed the available capacity, the signals are sorted by a selected importance parameter and assigned for transmission in descending order of importance until the capacity is exhausted. Signals that are not assigned for transmission are discarded.
摘要翻译： 具有低传输带宽特征的高清晰度电视系统通过去除信号中的冗余，对其余信号进行编码并以与适用标准最相容的方式发送编码信号来实现。 在编码中，要发送的信号组被映射到码本向量，并且码本矢量的标识与对应于码本矢量的信号组的那些信号一起发送。 为了确保所发送的信号总数不超过可用容量，信号按选择的重要性参数进行分类，并按重要的降序分配传输，直到容量耗尽。 未分配用于传输的信号被丢弃。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5144423A
公开(公告)日：1992-09-01
申请号：US626356
申请日：1990-12-11
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
CPC分类号： H04N19/94 , H04N19/51 , H04N19/523 , H04N19/567 , H04N19/61 , H04N19/39
摘要： A motion compensated encoder where motion vectors are selected based on the prediction error generated in localized areas of the encoded image and based on an available bit budget. The motion vectors are created by dividing the image into blocks of two sizes and by considering the best mix of large and small size blocks, and their associated motion vectors, that minimize the overall prediction error, within the constraints of the bit budget. For convenience, the image division is arranged so that a given number of small sized blocks forms one large sized block (e.g. 16:1). Also, the block sizes are arranged so that employing only large sized blocks does not exceed the given bit budget, while employing only the small sized blocks does exceed the given bit budget.
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公开(公告)号：US5134475A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US625522
申请日：1990-12-11
申请人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： James D. Johnston , Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
摘要： In a differential PCM encoder, the problem of error perpetuation is solved by leaking a changing, rather than a fixed, fraction of the input signal to the differential PCM. The fraction leaked is sensitive to the characteristics of the signal. In one embodiment the fraction leaked is fixed for a frame in accordance with a chosen characteristic of the frame signal. In another embodiment, the fraction leaked is set in accordance with one function when a chosen characteristic of the frame signal exceeds a given level, and follows another function when the chosen characteristic does not exceed the chosen level. In a still another embodiment, the fraction leaked is set to one of two levels, based on a chosen characteristic of the frame signal.
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5040062A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-13
申请号：US495559
申请日：1990-03-19
申请人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
发明人： Scott C. Knauer , Kim N. Matthews , Arun N. Netravali , Eric D. Petajan , Robert J. Safranek , Peter H. Westerink
摘要： A high definition television system that is characterized by low transmission bandwidth is achieved by removing redundancies in the signal and encoding the remaining signals. In the encoding, a portion of the signals to be transmitted is created in the form of an analog signal or a concatenated plurality of pulse amplitude coded samples (A-signal), and another portion of the signals to be transmitted is created in digital form (D-signal). The D-signal is consigned to a specified portion of the transmitted signal, leaving the remainder of the transmission capacity for the A-signal. When the normally created digital signals do not fully occupy the digital portion, enhanced operation results when selected ones of the analog signals or samples are excised from the A-signal, encoded digitally, and added to the D-signal. The excising of those signals leaves room in A-signal portion to include additional analog signals. This leads to an overall better image reproduction at the receiver. In addition, the samples that are excised are selected from among be the ones whose delection from the A-signal benefits the system most.
摘要翻译： 通过去除信号中的冗余并对其余信号进行编码，实现了低传输带宽的高清晰度电视系统。 在编码中，以模拟信号或级联的多个脉冲幅度编码采样（A信号）的形式产生要发送的信号的一部分，并且以数字形式创建要发送的另一部分信号 （D信号）。 D信号被委托给发送信号的指定部分，留下A信号的剩余传输容量。 当正常创建的数字信号不完全占用数字部分时，当选择的模拟信号或采样中的一个模拟信号或采样被从数字地被编码并被添加到D信号中时，增强的操作成为A信号。 这些信号的切除在A信号部分中留下空间以包括额外的模拟信号。 这导致在接收器处的整体更好的图像再现。 另外，从A信号中选择出来的那些最受益于系统的样本被选出。
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8.发明授权High definition television arrangement employing motion compensated prediction error signals 失效采用运动补偿预测误差信号的高分辨率电视装置
公开(公告)号：US5043808A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-27
申请号：US495525
申请日：1990-03-19
摘要： A high definition television system that is characterized by low transmission bandwidth is achieved by in a manner removing much of the redundancies in the signal, efficiently encoding the remaining signals, and transmitting the encoded signal in a manner that is most compatible with the applicable standards. Specifically, the television signal is encoded by developing motion vectors that describe the best motion estimate of the image to be transmitted, by developing motion estimation error signals, by encoding these error signals within the same bandwidth as occupied by standard NTSC signals and by transmitting the encoded error signals during periods that correspond to the active scan intervals of the NTSC TV signal. The motion vectors themselves, together with video and control signals, are transmitted during the NTSC retrace period.
摘要翻译： 具有低传输带宽特征的高清晰度电视系统通过以消除信号中的大量冗余，有效编码剩余信号并以与适用标准最相容的方式发送编码信号的方式实现。 具体地说，电视信号是通过对通过显示运动估计误差信号进行描述所要发送的图像的最佳运动估计的运动矢量进行编码的，通过对与标准NTSC信号占用的相同带宽内的这些误差信号进行编码， 在对应于NTSC电视信号的有效扫描间隔的周期期间编码的误差信号。 运动矢量本身以及视频和控制信号在NTSC回扫期间被传送。
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公开(公告)号：US5331348A
公开(公告)日：1994-07-19
申请号：US919792
申请日：1992-07-27
CPC分类号： H04N19/152 , H04N19/50 , H04N19/503 , H04N19/61
摘要： An improved predictive encoder where the leak signal is a function of the buffer fullness of the encoder. More specifically, the signals stored in the encoder output buffer are further encoded based on the fullness of the buffer, and information about this further encoding is used in determining the leak factor level. In accordance with another improvement, this leak factor level is not constrained to granularity that is imposed by the decoder hardware. Removal of the constraint is accomplished by cycling through a sequence of permissible leak levels that averages at the desired level.
摘要翻译： 一种改进的预测编码器，其中泄漏信号是编码器的缓冲器充满度的函数。 更具体地，存储在编码器输出缓冲器中的信号基于缓冲器的丰满度进一步编码，并且关于该进一步编码的信息用于确定泄漏因子级别。 根据另一改进，该泄漏因子级别不限于由解码器硬件施加的粒度。 通过循环通过在所需水平平均的允许泄漏水平的顺序来实现约束的去除。
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公开(公告)号：US5305102A
公开(公告)日：1994-04-19
申请号：US919802
申请日：1992-07-27
CPC分类号： H04N7/54 , H04N19/152 , H04N19/61 , H04N19/89 , H04N19/50
摘要： The effects of perturbations in a decoder responsive to a signal encoded in a predictive coding schema are reduced by shortening the time needed to converge the decoder's prediction signal to that of the encoder. This is accomplished by temporarily altering the leak factor when it is known that a perturbation is about to manifest itself and by, in some situations, altering the incoming encoded signal itself.
摘要翻译： 通过缩短将解码器的预测信号收敛到编码器的预测时间所需的时间，减少了响应于在预测编码模式中编码的信号的解码器中扰动的影响。 这是通过暂时改变泄漏因子来实现的，当已知扰动即将自身显现时，并且在某些情况下改变输入的编码信号本身。
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