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公开(公告)号：US5338449A
公开(公告)日：1994-08-16
申请号：US942062
申请日：1992-09-09
CPC分类号： B01D21/2427 , B01D21/0003 , B01D21/0045 , B01D21/02
摘要： An apparatus for refining brine including calcium and magnesium ions. Caustic alkali and carbonate alkali are added to the brine to produce a raw solution including flocks. The brine refining apparatus includes a settling tank having a supply of the raw solution for sinking the flocks to separate the flocks from the brine. A number of sheet members arranged in spaced-facing relation to each other within the settling tank. Each of the sheet members has a surface inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to a vertical plane crossing the corresponding sheet member.
摘要翻译： 一种用于精炼含钙和镁离子的盐水的设备。 将苛性碱和碳酸碱加入到盐水中以产生包括羊群的原始溶液。 盐水精炼装置包括一个沉淀池，该沉淀池具有用于沉没羊群的原始溶液的供应物以将鸡群与盐水分离。 多个薄片构件，其在沉降槽内彼此间隔开地布置。 每个片状构件具有相对于与相应的片状构件交叉的垂直平面倾斜预定角度的表面。
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公开(公告)号：US09157158B2
公开(公告)日：2015-10-13
申请号：US14450999
申请日：2014-08-04
CPC分类号： C25B3/04 , B01J35/0033 , B01J35/004 , C07C29/15 , C25B1/003 , C25B9/08 , C25B9/166 , C25B11/0478 , Y02E60/366 , C07C31/08 , C07C31/10
摘要： Disclosed is a method for producing an alcohol using a device for reducing carbon dioxide by light energy. In this device, a cathode electrode includes copper or a copper compound, and an anode electrode includes a region including a nitride semiconductor layer in which an AlxGa1-xN layer (0
摘要翻译： 公开了使用通过光能还原二氧化碳的装置制造醇的方法。 在该器件中，阴极包括铜或铜化合物，并且阳极包括其中层叠有Al x Ga 1-x N层（0
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公开(公告)号：US20080258690A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-23
申请号：US12157954
申请日：2008-06-13
IPC分类号： H02J7/04 , H01L21/332
CPC分类号： H01L37/00 , F25B2321/003 , F25B2400/15
摘要： The present invention provides a thermal switching element that has a quite different configuration from that of a conventional technique and can control heat transfer by the application of energy, and a method for manufacturing the thermal switching element. The thermal switching element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a transition body arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. The transition body includes a material that causes an electronic phase transition by application of energy. The thermal conductivity between the first electrode and the second electrode is changed by the application of energy to the transition body.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种具有与常规技术相当不同的构造并且可以通过施加能量来控制热传递的热开关元件，以及用于制造热开关元件的方法。 热开关元件包括第一电极，第二电极和布置在第一电极和第二电极之间的过渡体。 过渡体包括通过施加能量引起电子相变的材料。 第一电极和第二电极之间的热导率通过向能量转移体施加能量来改变。
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公开(公告)号：US20070069192A1
公开(公告)日：2007-03-29
申请号：US11605064
申请日：2006-11-28
IPC分类号： H01L29/02
CPC分类号： H01L37/00 , F25B2321/003 , F25B2400/15
摘要： The present invention provides a thermal switching element that has a quite different configuration from that of a conventional technique and can control heat transfer by the application of energy, and a method for manufacturing the thermal switching element. The thermal switching element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a transition body arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. The transition body includes a material that causes an electronic phase transition by application of energy. The thermal conductivity between the first electrode and the second electrode is changed by the application of energy to the transition body.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种具有与常规技术相当不同的构造并且可以通过施加能量来控制热传递的热开关元件，以及用于制造热开关元件的方法。 热开关元件包括第一电极，第二电极和布置在第一电极和第二电极之间的过渡体。 过渡体包括通过施加能量引起电子相变的材料。 第一电极和第二电极之间的热导率通过向能量转移体施加能量来改变。
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5.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20050179024A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-18
申请号：US11102628
申请日：2005-04-11
摘要： Provided are an electron emission material having a reduced work function, and an electron emission element that has lower power consumption and/or high current density and exhibits excellent electron emission performance. An electron emission material includes a semiconductor substrate having atomic steps on a surface thereof and a flat region between two of the atomic steps adjacent to each other, and an adsorbed layer arranged in the flat region. The adsorbed layer contains at least one element selected from an alkali metal element, an alkaline-earth metal element, and Sc.
摘要翻译： 提供具有降低的功函数的电子发射材料和具有较低功耗和/或高电流密度并且表现出优异的电子发射性能的电子发射元件。 电子发射材料包括其表面上具有原子台阶的半导体衬底和彼此相邻的两个原子台阶之间的平坦区域和布置在平坦区域中的吸附层。 吸附层含有选自碱金属元素，碱土金属元素和Sc中的至少一种元素。
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6.发明申请Electron-emitting material, manufacturing method therefor and electron-emitting element and image displaying device employing same 有权电子发射材料及其制造方法和电子发射元件以及使用它的图像显示装置公开(公告)号：US20050127334A1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-16
申请号：US11047656
申请日：2005-02-02
CPC分类号： H01J9/025 , H01J1/304 , H01J2201/30446
摘要： In the present invention an electron-emitting material is provided wherein the field emission initiation voltage or work function is smaller than that of conventional materials. That is, the present invention relates to an electron-emitting sheet material which is a material comprising a substrate 102 and a graphite sheet 101 laminated on the top of the substrate 102, wherein (1) the graphite sheet 101 has a layered structure of layers of graphenes consisting of a plurality of carbon hexagonal networks, (2) the graphenes are layered relative to one another so that the c-axial direction of each graphene is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 102, (3) the graphite sheet 101 is laminated on top of the substrate 102 so that the c-axial direction of each graphene is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 102, and (4) the graphite sheet 101 comprises an element other than carbon as a second element.
摘要翻译： 在本发明中，提供了一种电子发射材料，其中场致发射电压或功函数小于常规材料。 也就是说，本发明涉及一种电子发射片材料，它是一种材料，它是一种材料，它包括层叠在基片102顶部的基底102和石墨片101，其中（1）石墨片101具有层 由多个碳六方网组成的石墨烯，（2）石墨烯相对于彼此层叠，使得每个石墨烯的c轴方向基本上垂直于基板102的平面，（3）石墨片101 层压在基板102的顶部上，使得每个石墨烯的c轴方向基本上垂直于基板102的平面，并且（4）石墨片101包括除碳之外的元素作为第二元件。
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公开(公告)号：US06445114B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-03
申请号：US09402899
申请日：1999-12-10
IPC分类号： H01J130
CPC分类号： H01J1/316 , H01J2329/00
摘要： The first basic structure of the electron emission element of the present invention, includes at least two electrodes disposed in a horizontal direction at a predetermined interval, and a plurality of electron emission portions made of a particle or an aggregate of the particles dispersively disposed between the electrodes. On the other hand, the second basic structure of the electron emission element of the present invention includes at least two electrodes disposed at a predetermined interval, a conductive layer disposed between the electrodes so as to be electrically connected thereto, and a plurality of electron emission portions made of a particle or an aggregate of the particles dispersively disposed on the surface of the conductive layer between the electrodes. According to these structures, an electron emission element with high stability can be obtained, in which emissions can be emitted efficiently and uniformly even in the absence of a bias voltage (electric field) from outside in an output (emission) direction of the electrons, by utilizing a transverse electric field generated between the electrodes disposed in a horizontal direction at a predetermined interval or an in-plane electric current flowing through the conductive layer disposed between the electrodes.
摘要翻译： 本发明的电子发射元件的第一基本结构包括至少两个以预定间隔设置在水平方向上的电极，以及多个电子发射部分，其由分散地设置在 电极。 另一方面，本发明的电子发射元件的第二基本结构包括以预定间隔设置的至少两个电极，设置在电极之间以与其电连接的导电层和多个电子发射 分散地设置在电极之间的导电层的表面上的由颗粒或聚集体构成的部分。 根据这些结构，可以获得具有高稳定性的电子发射元件，其中即使在电子的输出（发射）方向上没有来自外部的偏置电压（电场）的情况下也可以有效且均匀地发射， 通过利用在预定间隔沿水平方向布置的电极之间产生的横向电场或流过设置在电极之间的导电层的面内电流。
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8.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07252795B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-07
申请号：US11242907
申请日：2005-10-05
IPC分类号： B29C35/02
CPC分类号： C04B35/63468 , B82Y30/00 , C04B35/522 , C04B2235/422 , C04B2235/425 , C04B2235/427 , C04B2235/48 , C04B2235/526 , C04B2235/5284 , C04B2235/5436 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/6562 , C04B2235/6565 , C04B2235/6567 , C04B2235/77 , C04B2235/78 , C04B2235/80 , C04B2235/9607 , H01L23/3733 , H01L2924/0002 , Y10T428/30 , H01L2924/00
摘要： It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity κ∥ in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity κ⊥ in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.
摘要翻译： 本发明的目的是提供一种在层状方向上具有改善的导热性，同时保持石墨所具有的平面方向上的高导热特性的高导热性元件。 本发明是碳粒子分散在基于石墨的基质中的高导热性元素，其中，（1）构成石墨的石墨烯层的c轴基本上平行，（2）a中的导热系数kappa 垂直于c轴的方向为至少400W / mk且不超过1000W / mk，并且（3）平行于c轴的方向的热导率kappa⊥为至少10W / mk且不大于 100 W / mk
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9.发明申请Electron-emitting element, fluorescent light-emitting element, and image displaying device 审中-公开电子发射元件，荧光发光元件和图像显示装置公开(公告)号：US20070108887A1
公开(公告)日：2007-05-17
申请号：US11646407
申请日：2006-12-28
CPC分类号： H01J1/304 , B82Y10/00 , H01J1/312 , H01J9/022 , H01J9/025 , H01J31/125 , H01J2329/00
摘要： A principal object of the present invention is to provide efficiently an electron-emitting element demonstrating performance equal or superior to that attained with the conventional technology. The electron-emitting element of the present invention comprises: (a) a substrate, (b) a lower electrode layer provided on the substrate, (c) an electron-emitting layer provided on the lower electrode layer, and (d) a control electrode layer so disposed as not to be in contact with the electron-emitting layer, wherein the electron-emitting layer comprises an electron-emitting material for emitting electrons in an electric field, (1) the electron-emitting material being a porous body having a 3D-network structure skeleton, (2) the 3D-network structure skeleton being composed on an inner portion and a surface portion, (3) the surface portion comprising an electron-emitting component, (4) the inner portion being occupied by (i) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material, (ii) an empty space, or (iii) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material and an empty space.
摘要翻译： 本发明的主要目的是提供一种电子发射元件，该电子发射元件表现出与传统技术相同或优于其性能的电子发射元件。 本发明的电子发射元件包括：（a）衬底，（b）设置在衬底上的下电极层，（c）设置在下电极层上的电子发射层，和（d）控制 电极层，其设置成不与电子发射层接触，其中电子发射层包括用于在电场中发射电子的电子发射材料，（1）电子发射材料是多孔体，其具有 3D网络结构骨架，（2）在内部和表面部分上组成的3D网络结构骨架，（3）包括电子发射部件的表面部分，（4）内部被 i）绝缘材料和半绝缘材料中的至少一种，（ii）空的空间，或（iii）绝缘材料和半绝缘材料和空的空间中的至少一种。
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公开(公告)号：US07163429B2
公开(公告)日：2007-01-16
申请号：US11028329
申请日：2005-01-04
IPC分类号： H01J9/02
CPC分类号： H01J1/304 , B82Y10/00 , H01J1/312 , H01J9/022 , H01J9/025 , H01J31/125 , H01J2329/00
摘要： A principal object of the present invention is to provide efficiently an electron-emitting element. The electron-emitting element includes: (a) a substrate, (b) a lower electrode layer provided on the substrate, (c) an electron-emitting layer provided on the lower electrode layer, and (d) a control electrode layer so disposed as not to be in contact with the electron-emitting layer, wherein the electron-emitting layer includes an electron-emitting material for emitting electrons in an electric field, (1) the electron-emitting material being a porous body having a 3D-network structure skeleton, (2) the 3D-network structure skeleton being composed on an inner portion and a surface portion, (3) the surface portion comprising an electron-emitting component, (4) the inner portion being occupied by (i) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material, (ii) an empty space, or (iii) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material and an empty space.
摘要翻译： 本发明的主要目的是有效地提供电子发射元件。 电子发射元件包括：（a）衬底，（b）设置在衬底上的下电极层，（c）设置在下电极层上的电子发射层，以及（d）如此设置的控制电极层 为了不与电子发射层接触，其中电子发射层包括用于在电场中发射电子的电子发射材料，（1）电子发射材料是具有3D网络的多孔体 结构骨架，（2）3D网络结构骨架在内部和表面部分上构成，（3）表面部分包括电子发射部件，（4）内部部分被至少占据（i）至少 绝缘材料和半绝缘材料之一，（ii）空的空间，或（iii）绝缘材料和半绝缘材料和空的空间中的至少一种。
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