摘要:
A data side driving IC incorporates pull-up elements and pull-down elements to be applied with modulating voltages of +½VM and −½VM, respectively. A scanning side driving IC incorporates pull-up elements to be applied with a positive write voltage of +VW from a positive voltage supply circuit, and pull-down elements to be applied with a negative write voltage of −VW from a negative voltage supply circuit. Each data electrode is driven by a positive voltage of +½VM or a negative voltage of −½VM. Each scanning electrode is controlled so that it is applied with a positive write voltage of +VW or a negative write voltage of −VW or it assumes a ground potential or a floating potential. Since the data electrodes and the scanning electrodes can be driven with high symmetry of positive and negative polarities, the long-term reliability can be enhanced, while at the same time the peripheral circuitry can be simplified.
摘要:
A copolymer including a structural unit represented by General Formula (1) below, and a structural unit represented by General Formula (2) below, where, in General Formula (1), R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L1 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 5 or less carbon atoms, and X is a hydrogen atom or a cation, where, in General Formula (2), R2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and L2 is an alkylene group having 2 or greater carbon atoms but 18 or less carbon atoms.
摘要:
Ink includes water, a coloring material, and a copolymer including a first structure unit represented by the following Chemical formula 1 and a second structure unit including an anionic group. In the Chemical formula, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents an alkylene group having 2-4 carbon atoms, and Y represents a substituted or non-substituted straight-chain alkylene group having 5 to 7 carbon atoms.
摘要:
To provide a copolymer including: a structural unit represented by the following General Formula (1) where X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation; a structural unit expressed by the following Structural Formula (1); and a structural unit represented by the following General Formula (2) where R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, L is a single bond or —(CH2)n—O—CO— where n is an integer in a range of from 2 through 18, and a carbonyl carbon atom in the —(CH2)n—O—CO— is bound to naphthyl.
摘要:
A copolymer contains a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 1 and a structure unit represented by Chemical formula 2, where R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, X represents a hydrogen atom or a cation, L1 and L2 each, independently represent alkylene groups having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
摘要:
A copolymer includes structural units having the following formulae (1) and (2): wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X represents a hydrogen atom or a cationic ion; and each of L1 and L2 independently represents an alkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
摘要:
A carbazole polymer containing a repeating unit represented by a chemical structure 1: where R represents an aliphatic or alicyclic bifunctional group, Ar represents an aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic ring bifunctional group, and Ar1 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon or heterocyclic ring monofunctional group.
摘要:
An electrophoretic display material and apparatus is disclosed, including a dispersion medium, a white particulate material having a volume median particle diameter Dw, and a colored particulate material having a color different from the color of the white particulate material and a volume median particle diameter Dc, and wherein a ratio Dc/Dw is from 1/1 to 1/50.
摘要:
A reversible thermosensitive recording medium includes a support material; a thermosensitive recording layer whose transparency is reversibly changeable depending upon the temperature thereof, which is provided on the support material and includes a low-molecular-weight organic compound and a resin matrix in which the organic low-molecular-weight compound is dispersed; and an overcoat layer provided on the thermosensitive recording layer, the overcoat layer having a pencil hardness of 1H or more and including at the surface thereof at least three protrusions with a height of 0.05 .mu.m or more per area of 125 .mu.m.times.125 .mu.m of the surface of the overcoat layer.
摘要:
An image forming method includes discharging ink containing water, a coloring material, a polymerization initiator, and a polymerizable compound to a recording medium by a line head to obtain an image, exposing the image to active energy radiation, applying a processing fluid to the image, and drying the image with heat, wherein the time interval between when the ink is discharged in the discharging from the line head to the recording medium passing under a bottom portion of the line head and when the recording medium is exposed to the active energy radiation in the exposing is from 0.5 to 15 seconds.