摘要:
A liquid crystal element includes a liquid crystal exhibiting spontaneous polarization, a pair of electrode substrates for sandwiching the liquid crystal therebetween, and insulating layers formed between the electrode substrates and the liquid crystal. A spontaneous polarization P.sub.s value, in nC/cm.sup.2, of the liquid crystal, an interelectrode composite capacitance Ci, in nF/cm.sup.2, of the insulating layers, and a voltage threshold value Vth, in volts, of optical response of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal element satisfy the following condition: ##EQU1##
摘要翻译:液晶元件包括显示自发极化的液晶,一对夹在其间的液晶的电极基板以及形成在电极基板和液晶之间的绝缘层。 液晶的自发极化Ps值(nC / cm 2),绝缘层的nF / cm 2的电极间复合电容Ci和液晶的光响应的电压阈值Vth(伏特) 液晶元件满足以下条件:
摘要:
A liquid crystal optical element comprising a pair of electrode substrates having an electrode and a substrate and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between said pair of electrode substrates, wherein an electrode on at least one of said pair of electrode substrates is provided regularly or randomly with minute insulation portions.
摘要:
An optical modulation element, in which a pixel surrounding a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer and an column shaped orientation layer is formed between a pair of electrodes. The orientation layer is formed by a high-molecular polymer in which an ultrafine granular conductive substance may be dispersed. External voltage applied across the electrodes in response to gradation signals performs gradation drivings.
摘要:
An optical modulation element, in which a pixel surrounding a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer and an column shaped orientation layer is formed between a pair of electrodes. The orientation layer is formed by a high-molecular polymer in which an ultrafine granular conductive substance may be dispersed. External voltage applied across the electrodes in response to gradation signals performs gradation drivings.
摘要:
A liquid crystal optical device has a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer held in a gap defined by at least a pair of electrodes, wherein the crystal pixel has a time constant. The liquid crystal device also has a parallel circuit having a time constant greater than the time constant of the liquid crystal pixel and less than a field period for giving a gradation change to the pixel by repeated application of a gradation signal.
摘要:
A liquid crystal optical element comprising a pair of electrode substrates having an electrode and a substrate and a chiral smectic liquid crystal disposed between said pair of electrode substrates, wherein an electrode on at least one of said pair of electrode substrates is provided regularly or randomly with minute insulation portions.
摘要:
Disclosed is a liquid crystal apparatus including a liquid crystal panel having a pair of electrodes and a liquid crystal exhibiting spontaneous polarization and arranged between the pair of electrodes, first means for applying a gradation voltage signal corresponding to gradation information to the pair of electrodes, and second means for applying, a DC component serving as a reverse bias of an internal electric field generated upon application of the gradation voltage signal, to the liquid crystal during one vertical scanning period.
摘要:
An active matrix liquid crystal device is driven by sequentially applying a first scanning pulse to reset each pixel on a first selected line, a second scanning pulse to write each pixel on a second selected line and a third scanning pulse to provide a voltage signal which is equal to or less than the optical threshold value of the liquid crystal to each pixel on a third selected line. According to the driving method, the first, second and third selected lines are spaced at a predetermined number of lines from each other, and a sum of time integrated values of the applied voltage signals is or approaches zero.
摘要:
An electron-emitting device includes an electron-emitting film containing molybdenum. A spectrum obtained by measuring a surface of the electron-emitting film by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has a first peak having a peak top in the range of 229±0.5 eV and a sub peak having a peak top in the range of 228.1±0.3 eV.
摘要:
An electron-emitting device of the present invention has an electron-emitting film, and the electron-emitting film is composed of a first layer made of a first material, and a plurality of particles made of a second material whose electric resistivity is lower than that of the first material and provided into the first layer. The first material contains oxygen and nitrogen. A method for manufacturing the electron-emitting device according to the present invention has a step of forming the electron-emitting film, and the electron-emitting film forming step includes a step of forming the plurality of particles made of a second material whose electric resistivity is lower than that of a first material into the first layer made of the first material containing oxygen and nitrogen.