摘要:
A multi-phase mixed protonic/electronic conducting material comprising a proton-conducting ceramic phase and an electron conductive ceramic phase. Under the presence of a partial pressure gradient of hydrogen across the membrane, a membrane fabricated with this material selectively transports hydrogen ions through the protonically conductive ceramic phase and electrons through the electronically conducting ceramic phase, which results in ultrahigh purity hydrogen permeation through the membrane. The material has a high electronic conductivity and hydrogen gas transport is rate-limited by the protonic conductivity of the material.
摘要:
A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for use in generating electricity while tolerating sulfur content in a fuel input stream. The solid oxide fuel cell includes an electrolyte, a cathode, and a sulfur tolerant anode. The cathode is disposed on a first side of the electrolyte. The sulfur tolerant anode is disposed on a second side of the electrolyte opposite the cathode. The sulfur tolerant anode includes a composition of nickel, copper, and ceria to exhibit a substantially stable operating voltage at a constant current density in the presence of the sulfur content within the fuel input stream. The solid oxide fuel cell is useful within a SOFC stack to generate electricity from reformate which includes synthesis gas (syngas) and sulfur content. The solid oxide fuel cell is also useful within a SOFC stack to generate electricity from unreformed hydrocarbon fuel.
摘要:
The invention comprises a solid oxide fuel cell system comprising at least two solid oxide fuel cell stacks and at least one extension member. Each solid oxide fuel cell stack includes a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells. Each cell is separated by an interconnect. The extension member joins at least one interconnect of one of the solid oxide fuel cell stacks with a corresponding interconnect of another of the solid oxide fuel cell stacks. The invention further includes a method of fabrication.
摘要:
An SOFC anode is provided, which is fabricated from ceria which has been mixed with a nickel oxide-magnesium oxide material to stabilize the nickel against coarsening during high temperature SOFC operation. With a starting material of NiO--MgO solid solution in a cement anode, the MgO will diffuse into zirconia and/or ceria at the appropriate firing temperature for the respective materials. Reduction of NiO in the anode with the fuel during cell operation will result in metallic Ni grains with a fine dispersion of MgO. The dispersion of MgO in Ni retards coarsening of nickel during the high temperature operation of the cell.
摘要:
The object is to rapidly clean-up an off-gas generated by blasting in a pressure vessel to such a level as to permit the exhaust of the off-gas. An object to be blasted is blasted in a pressure vessel to generate an off-gas, which is introduced into a combustion furnace to burning a combustible component contained in the off-gas. The off-gas after the burning in a reservoir section is stored in the reservoir section, and exhausted out of the reservoir section if a component contained in the off-gas complies a predetermined emission requirement, otherwise returned to at least one of the pressure vessel and the combustion furnace to be re-treated if the component does not comply the emission requirement.
摘要:
A multi-phase mixed protonic/electronic conducting material comprising a proton-conducting ceramic phase and an electron conductive ceramic phase. Under the presence of a partial pressure gradient of hydrogen across the membrane, a membrane fabricated with this material selectively transports hydrogen ions through the protonically conductive ceramic phase and electrons through the electronically conducting ceramic phase, which results in ultrahigh purity hydrogen permeation through the membrane. The material has a high electronic conductivity and hydrogen gas transport is rate-limited by the protonic conductivity of the material.
摘要:
A semi-internally manifolded interconnect structured for placement between successive electrolyte elements in stack of elements having a first surface with a level margin extending substantially around the perimeter of the interconnect, first and second manifold channels disposed inward from the margin, and a plurality of gas-flow channels disposed in a central area of the first surface and extending between and in fluid communication with the first and second manifold channels.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for incinerating a medical waste material. The method includes introducing a volume of the medical waste material into a plasma zone of a non-thermal plasma generator. The method also includes introducing a volume of oxidizer into the plasma zone of the non-thermal plasma generator. The method also includes generating an electrical discharge between electrodes within the plasma zone of the non-thermal plasma generator to incinerate the medical waste material.
摘要:
A reformer is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a channel to convey a preheated plurality of reactants containing both a feedstock fuel and an oxidant. A plasma generator is provided to apply an electrical potential to the reactants sufficient to ionize one or more of the reactants. These ionized reactants are then conveyed to a reaction zone where they are chemically transformed into synthesis gas containing a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A heat transfer mechanism is used to transfer heat from an external heat source to the reformer to provide the heat of reformation.
摘要:
A reformer is disclosed in one embodiment of the invention as including a channel to convey a preheated plurality of reactants containing both a feedstock fuel and an oxidant. A plasma generator is provided to apply an electrical potential to the reactants sufficient to ionize one or more of the reactants. These ionized reactants are then conveyed to a reaction zone where they are chemically transformed into synthesis gas containing a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A heat transfer mechanism is used to transfer heat from an external heat source to the reformer to provide the heat of reformation.