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公开(公告)号：US4791589A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US925354
申请日：1986-10-31
申请人： Stephen F. Blazo , Gail W. Marshall
发明人： Stephen F. Blazo , Gail W. Marshall
CPC分类号： H04N5/14
摘要： A processing circuit for a digital camera system enables capture of a visual event which falls within some user-defined range. A digital camera converts a target image into a set of digital data signals, each signal representing the brightness level of a pixel in a matrix. A memory stores a mask also comprising a matrix of pixels. As the digital camera scans the target image, each data pixel from the camera is compared to a corresponding pixel in the mask and differences in brightness between the two are counted. When the count reaches some predetermined valve, the current frame of video data is saved for further analysis and/or display.
摘要翻译： 用于数字照相机系统的处理电路能够捕获落在一些用户定义的范围内的视觉事件。 数字照相机将目标图像转换为一组数字数据信号，每个信号表示矩阵中的像素的亮度级。 存储器存储还包括像素矩阵的掩码。 当数码相机扫描目标图像时，将来自相机的每个数据像素与掩模中的对应像素进行比较，并计数两者之间的亮度差。 当计数达到某个预定阀时，保存当前视频数据帧以进一步分析和/或显示。
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公开(公告)号：US4868380A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-19
申请号：US163347
申请日：1988-03-02
CPC分类号： H01J43/06 , H01J1/34 , H01J2201/317 , H01J2201/3423
摘要： An optical waveguide photocathode for converting optical signals to electrical signals has an optical waveguide, a semiconductor covering the end of the optical waveguide, a first transparent electrode disposed between the end of the waveguide and the semiconductor, and a second electrode disposed adjacent to and spaced from the semiconductor. An electric potential is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode. The waveguide, first conductor, and semiconductor are relatively pointed at the end to produce high electric field strength at the semiconductor thereby enabling semiconductors with high work functions to be used. The relatively small area of the semiconductor illuminated by the waveguide reduces the dark current, making the device more sensitive to low level signals. The device may be used in a streak tube or a photomultiplier.
摘要翻译： 用于将光信号转换为电信号的光波导光电阴极具有光波导，覆盖光波导末端的半导体，设置在波导端与半导体端之间的第一透明电极和邻近并间隔开的第二电极 从半导体。 在第一电极和第二电极之间施加电位。 波导，第一导体和半导体相对尖端在半导体处产生高电场强度，从而使得能够使用具有高功函数的半导体。 由波导照明的半导体的相对小的面积减小了暗电流，使得器件对低电平信号更敏感。 该装置可以用于条形管或光电倍增管。
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公开(公告)号：US4736250A
公开(公告)日：1988-04-05
申请号：US936054
申请日：1986-11-28
申请人： Stephen F. Blazo
发明人： Stephen F. Blazo
CPC分类号： H04N5/335
摘要： A frame capture circuit for use with a video camera includes an analog-to-digital converter for converting composite video to digital form and a memory for storing sequential frames of digital video. The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the memory through a summer, and the memory has an output connected to a second summer input through a feedback loop. The feedback loop includes a switch controlled by a central processing unit such that when the switch is closed, the output of the memory is a composite video data frame comprising a current plus a previous frame of data. The central processing unit closes the switch whenever an event of interest displayed on an external device falls near the end of a frame of video generated by the camera so that the entire event is captured without regard to the scanning phase of the video camera.
摘要翻译： 用于摄像机的帧捕获电路包括用于将复合视频转换为数字形式的模数转换器和用于存储数字视频的连续帧的存储器。 模拟 - 数字转换器通过加法连接到存储器，并且存储器具有通过反馈回路连接到第二加法器输入的输出。 反馈回路包括由中央处理单元控制的开关，使得当开关闭合时，存储器的输出是包括当前加前一数据帧的复合视频数据帧。 当外部设备上显示的感兴趣的事件接近相机产生的视频帧的结束时，中央处理单元关闭开关，使得整个事件被捕获而不考虑摄像机的扫描阶段。
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公开(公告)号：US4995044A
公开(公告)日：1991-02-19
申请号：US498177
申请日：1990-03-23
申请人： Stephen F. Blazo
发明人： Stephen F. Blazo
IPC分类号： H01S5/042
CPC分类号： H01S5/042
摘要： A laser diode impulse circuit has a normally forward biased step recovery diode coupled to the output of a current pulse generating circuit. An inductor in parallel with a series combination of a pulse shaping network and a laser diode is coupled to the output of the step recovery diode. When the step recovery diode becomes reverse biased in response to a current pulse from the current pulse generating circuit, energy is stored in the inductor. The stored energy is then transferred from the inductor to the laser diode via the pulse shaping network to produce an optical pulse having a desired shape.
摘要翻译： 激光二极管脉冲电路具有耦合到电流脉冲发生电路的输出端的正向偏置步进恢复二极管。 与脉冲整形网络和激光二极管的串联组合并联的电感器耦合到阶跃恢复二极管的输出。 当步进恢复二极管响应于来自电流脉冲发生电路的电流脉冲而被反向偏置时，能量被存储在电感器中。 存储的能量然后经由脉冲整形网络从电感器传送到激光二极管，以产生具有期望形状的光脉冲。
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公开(公告)号：US5754437A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-19
申请号：US711837
申请日：1996-09-10
申请人： Stephen F. Blazo
发明人： Stephen F. Blazo
CPC分类号： H04L1/205
摘要： A phase measurement apparatus and method for measuring electrical signal jitter and wander operates in real time and digitally controls bandwidths over which the measurements are performed. The apparatus includes a digital phase-lock loop (PLL) for generating phase difference signal data having first and second frequency components above and below the loop bandwidth of the phase locked loop. An analog-to-digital converter digitizes the analog phase difference signal from the phase detector. A digital signal processor (DSP) receives the digital data and performs a loop filter function for generating frequency update values to the DDS for phase locking the PLL to an incoming signal. The DSP performs an integration function on the loop filter function output to generate the second frequency components. The first and second frequency components are combined in a summing circuit and filtered in digitally programmable low and high pass filters for establishing measurement bands for measuring the phase difference. A measurement processor measures peak-to-peak minimum and maximum values and generates RMS values of the phase difference signal over a selected time interval and generating an output in unit intervals for jitter and time for wander. The DSP further includes low and high pass filter functions and an accumulator for summing filtered second frequency components to generate wander data. The DSP processes the frequency update values to generate frequency drift data.
摘要翻译： 用于测量电信号抖动和漂移的相位测量装置和方法实时操作并且数字地控制执行测量的带宽。 该装置包括数字锁相环（PLL），用于产生具有高于和低于锁相环路环带宽的第一和第二频率分量的相位差信号数据。 模数转换器将模拟相位差信号从相位检测器数字化。 数字信号处理器（DSP）接收数字数据并执行环路滤波器功能，用于向DDS产生频率更新值，以将PLL锁相到输入信号。 DSP对环路滤波器功能输出执行积分功能，以产生第二频率分量。 第一和第二频率分量在加法电路中组合，并在数字可编程低通滤波器和高通滤波器中进行滤波，以建立用于测量相位差的测量带。 测量处理器测量峰 - 峰值最小值和最大值，并在选定的时间间隔内产生相位差信号的RMS值，并以抖动和抖动时间为单位生成单位间隔的输出。 DSP还包括低通滤波器和高通滤波器功能以及累加器，用于对滤波后的第二频率分量求和以产生漂移数据。 DSP处理频率更新值以生成频率漂移数据。
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公开(公告)号：US5757652A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-26
申请号：US576422
申请日：1995-12-21
CPC分类号： H03L7/0994 , G01R29/26 , H04L1/205 , H04J2203/0062
摘要： An electrical signal jitter and wander measurement system (30) operates in real time and digitally controls bandwidths over which the measurements are performed. A digital phase-lock loop ("PLL") (34) includes a phase detector (44), low pass filters (48, 56), an analog-to-digital converter ("ADC") (54), a digital signal processor ("DSP") (32), a direct digital synthesizer ("DDS") (38), and a tracking oscillator (39). The phase detector receives an input signal that is compared with a signal derived from the DDS. The phase detector signal contains wander and jitter data that are filtered and digitized by the ADC. The DSP receives the data and performs a proportional integral control function to lock the PLL by digitally controlling the DDS frequency. The DDS generates a clock signal at a precise rate determined by the phase accumulation registers. The tracking oscillator locks to multiples of the DDS frequency to increase the resolution of the phase measurement. A master reference clock (40) controls the PLL with a stability and accuracy sufficient to measure low frequency wander. Wander data are available from the DSP as an integral of the DDS operating frequency. The DSP also performs the required loop filter function and high pass filters the wander data to provide subband jitter data. This invention digitally controls the PLL filter high pass bandwidth down to very low frequencies to accurately measure low frequency jitter and wander.
摘要翻译： 电信号抖动和漂移测量系统（30）实时操作并且数字地控制执行测量的带宽。 数字锁相环（“PLL”）（34）包括相位检测器（44），低通滤波器（48,56），模数转换器（“ADC”）（54），数字信号 处理器（“DSP”）（32），直接数字合成器（“DDS”）（38）和跟踪振荡器（39）。 相位检测器接收与从DDS得到的信号进行比较的输入信号。 相位检测器信号包含由ADC滤波和数字化的漂移和抖动数据。 DSP接收数据并执行比例积分控制功能，通过数字控制DDS频率来锁定PLL。 DDS以相位累积寄存器确定的精确速率生成时钟信号。 跟踪振荡器锁定到DDS频率的倍数，以增加相位测量的分辨率。 主参考时钟（40）以足以测量低频漂移的稳定性和精度来控制PLL。 漂移数据可从DSP获得，作为DDS工作频率的一个组成部分。 DSP还执行所需的环路滤波器功能，高通滤波漂移数据以提供子带抖动数据。 本发明将PLL滤波器的高通带宽数字控制到非常低的频率，以精确测量低频抖动和漂移。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4791339A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-13
申请号：US46955
申请日：1987-05-05
CPC分类号： G02F1/133348 , H04N5/59 , H04N9/3108
摘要： An electrical circuit compensates for spatial variations in the light transmittance of the target surface (45) of an electron beam-addressed liquid crystal light valve (10). Such variations in light transmittance, which stem in part from the position dependent angle of incidence of the writing beam electrons and position dependent alignment layer variations arising out of manufacturing process limitations, affect the ability to achieve a monotonic gray scale luminance over the display surface. The compensating circuit adjusts the amount of beam current of the writing electron beam by varying the gain and offset voltage of the video signal, which modulates the writing beam current. This is accomplished by applying the X and Y scan position signals to a correction signal generator (102), which produces gain correction and offset correction signals whose magnitudes vary in response to instantaneous scan position of the writing electron beam on the target surface of a particular light valve. The gain correction and offset correction signals alter the character of the video signal, which is then delivered to the Z-axis driver of the writing beam-producing cathode ray tube.
摘要翻译： 电路补偿电子束寻址液晶光阀（10）的目标表面（45）的透光率的空间变化。 透射率的这种变化部分地来自制造过程限制引起的书写光束电子的位置相关入射角和与位置相关的取向层变化的影响，影响在显示表面上实现单调灰度亮度的能力。 补偿电路通过改变调制写入光束电流的视频信号的增益和偏移电压来调节写入电子束的束电流量。 这通过将X和Y扫描位置信号施加到校正信号发生器（102）来实现，校正信号发生器（102）产生增益校正和偏移校正信号，其幅度随着写入电子束在特定的目标表面上的瞬时扫描位置而变化 光阀。 增益校正和偏移校正信号改变了视频信号的特性，然后传送给写入光束产生阴极射线管的Z轴驱动器。
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8.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4775244A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-04
申请号：US58447
申请日：1987-06-05
CPC分类号： G04F10/00
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the width of pulses in the gigahertz range comprises the steps of splitting an input pulse and delaying one of the pulses prior to their recombination in a directional coupler. The recombined pulse is then measured in a power meter. By varying the delay, maximum and minimum readings from the power meter may be found. The pulse width may then be found as a function of the actual delay, which may be controlled by the user by varying the distance through a waveguide that the delayed pulse must travel.
摘要翻译： 用于测量千兆赫范围内的脉冲宽度的方法和装置包括以下步骤：在定向耦合器中复合之前分割输入脉冲和延迟脉冲之一。 然后在功率计中测量重新组合的脉冲。 通过改变延迟，可以发现功率计的最大和最小读数。 然后可以将脉冲宽度找到为实际延迟的函数，其可以由用户通过改变延迟脉冲必须行进的波导的距离来控制。
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公开(公告)号：US06785345B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-31
申请号：US09765770
申请日：2001-01-18
申请人： Stephen F. Blazo
发明人： Stephen F. Blazo
IPC分类号： H04L2722
CPC分类号： G06F1/0328 , G06F2211/902 , H03L7/16
摘要： A frequency dither technique is used for reducing spurs due to phase increment errors in a direct digital synthesizer output sinusoid. The spurs for a desired output frequency are calculated and, if the spurs fall within a phase locked loop bandwidth, a pair of phase increment values are used representing a pair of frequencies that average to the desired output frequency and the spurs of which fall outside the phase locked loop bandwidth.
摘要翻译： 频率抖动技术用于在直接数字合成器输出正弦波中减少由于相位增量误差引起的杂波。 计算出期望输出频率的杂散，并且如果杂散落入锁相环带宽内，则使用一对相位增量值来表示平均到期望输出频率的一对频率，并且其中的马刺落在 锁相环带宽。
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公开(公告)号：US5742208A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-21
申请号：US709024
申请日：1996-09-06
申请人： Stephen F. Blazo
发明人： Stephen F. Blazo
CPC分类号： H03C3/0966 , H03B29/00 , H03L7/23 , H03L7/1806
摘要： A signal generator has a variable reference oscillator, a variable oscillator and a phase locked loop for generating an output having jitter and wander. The variable reference oscillator generates a reference having a varying phase offset over a first phase modulation frequency interval and a constant output over a second phase modulation frequency interval. The variable oscillator generates a constant output over the first phase modulation frequency interval and a variable output over the second phase modulation frequency interval. The phase locked loop includes a phase detector, a phase summing node and oscillator with the phase detector coupled to receive the outputs of the variable reference oscillator and the oscillator, and phase summing node coupled to receive the outputs of the variable oscillator and the phase detector. The output of the phase locked loop tracks the variable reference oscillator over the first phase modulation frequency interval and generates a phase modulated output in response to the variable output of the variable oscillator over the second phase modulation frequency interval.
摘要翻译： 信号发生器具有可变参考振荡器，可变振荡器和用于产生具有抖动和漂移的输出的锁相环。 可变参考振荡器产生在第一相位调制频率间隔上具有变化的相位偏移并且在第二相位调制频率间隔上具有恒定输出的参考。 可变振荡器在第一相位调制频率间隔上产生恒定输出，并在第二相位调制频率间隔上产生可变输出。 锁相环包括相位检测器，相位求和节点和振荡器，相位检测器被耦合以接收可变参考振荡器和振荡器的输出，以及耦合以接收可变振荡器和相位检测器的输出的相位求和节点 。 锁相环的输出在第一相位调制频率间隔上跟踪可变参考振荡器，并响应于可变振荡器在第二相位调制频率间隔上的可变输出而产生相位调制输出。
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