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    Bipolar organic devices
    1.
    发明授权
    Bipolar organic devices 有权
    双极有机器件

    公开(公告)号：US07061011B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-06-13

    申请号：US10721072

    申请日：2003-11-26

    Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

    Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

    IPC: H01L35/24

    CPC classification number: H01L51/0504 ,  H01L51/002 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0052 ,  H01L51/0062

    Abstract: An organic device is provided, having a first electrode and a second electrode. A first organic layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first organic layer includes a first organic material, with a concentration of at least 50% molar, and a second organic material, with a concentration less than 50% molar. A second organic layer is also disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second organic layer includes the second organic material, with a concentration of at least 50% molar, and the first organic material, with a concentration less than 50% molar. The first organic material may act as an n-dopant in the second organic layer, and the second organic material may act as a p-dopant in the first organic layer. Alternately, the first organic material may act as a p-dopant in the second organic layer, and the second organic material may act as an n-dopant in the first organic layer. Exemplary materials for the first and second organic materials include PTCDA and BTQBT. Devices that may be fabricated include organic light emitting devices, organic transistors, and organic photosensitive devices. Preferably, the electron affinity of the first organic material is within about 0.4 eV of the ionization potential of the second organic material, and more preferably within about 0.2 eV. The first and second organic layers may also be used in separate devices fabricated on the same substrate. A method of fabricating devices is provided, by co-depositing the first and second organic materials at different concentrations in different layers, such that a different material is the host in different layers.

    Abstract translation: 提供了具有第一电极和第二电极的有机器件。 第一有机层设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。 第一有机层包括浓度为至少50％摩尔的第一有机材料和浓度小于50％摩尔的第二有机材料。 第二有机层也设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。 第二有机层包括浓度至少为50％摩尔的第二有机材料和第一有机材料，其浓度小于50％摩尔。 第一有机材料可以在第二有机层中充当n掺杂剂，并且第二有机材料可以在第一有机层中充当p掺杂剂。 或者，第一有机材料可以在第二有机层中用作p掺杂剂，并且第二有机材料可以在第一有机层中充当n掺杂剂。 用于第一和第二有机材料的示例性材料包括PTCDA和BTQBT。 可以制造的器件包括有机发光器件，有机晶体管和有机光敏器件。 优选地，第一有机材料的电子亲和力在第二有机材料的电离电位的约0.4eV内，更优选在约0.2eV内。 第一和第二有机层也可以用在同一衬底上制造的分开的器件中。 提供一种制造器件的方法，通过在不同层中以不同浓度共沉积第一和第二有机材料，使得不同的材料是不同层中的主体。

    Grey scale bistable display
    2.
    发明授权
    Grey scale bistable display 有权
    灰度双稳态显示

    公开(公告)号：US07053412B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-05-30

    申请号：US10607138

    申请日：2003-06-27

    Applicant: Michael Hack ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

    Inventor： Michael Hack ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

    IPC: H01L21/00

    CPC classification number: H01L27/3269 ,  G09G3/2014 ,  G09G3/2074 ,  G09G3/3258 ,  G09G3/3291 ,  G09G2300/0857 ,  G09G2320/0285 ,  G09G2320/043 ,  G09G2330/026 ,  G09G2360/148 ,  H01L27/3281

    Abstract: A light emitting device capable of displaying grey scale is provided. The device has a pixel having a plurality of bistable subpixels. Each subpixel has an ON state and an OFF state. A different power line is coupled to each bistable subpixel. Circuitry that can individually modulate the pulse width of a power signal transmitted through each power line is connected to the power lines. Each subpixel includes a first light emitting device the emits light when the subpixel is in the ON state. Each subpixel has substantially the same size and emits substantially the same spectrum of light in the ON state.

    Abstract translation: 提供能够显示灰度级的发光装置。 该装置具有具有多个双稳态子像素的像素。 每个子像素具有ON状态和OFF状态。 不同的电源线耦合到每个双稳态子像素。 可以单独调制通过每条电力线传输的电力信号的脉冲宽度的电路连接到电力线。 每个子像素包括当子像素处于ON状态时发光的第一发光器件。 每个子像素具有基本上相同的尺寸并且在ON状态下发射基本上相同的光谱。

    ENHANCED THIN FILM SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE USING TEXTURED REAR REFLECTORS
    4.
    发明申请
    ENHANCED THIN FILM SOLAR CELL PERFORMANCE USING TEXTURED REAR REFLECTORS 审中-公开
    使用纹理后置反射器增强薄膜太阳能电池性能

    公开(公告)号：US20130087200A1

    公开(公告)日：2013-04-11

    申请号：US13704660

    申请日：2011-06-17

    Applicant: Jiangeng Xue ,  Jason David Myers ,  Weiran Cao

    Inventor： Jiangeng Xue ,  Jason David Myers ,  Weiran Cao

    IPC: H01L31/0232 ,  H01L31/18

    CPC classification number: H01L31/02327 ,  B82Y99/00 ,  H01L31/02366 ,  H01L31/056 ,  H01L31/18 ,  Y02E10/52

    Abstract: Back reflector arrays are applied to the surface distal to the incident light receiving surface of a thin film solar cell to increase its efficiency by altering the reflected light path and thereby increasing the path length of light through the active layer of the solar cell. The back reflector is an array of features of micrometer proportions. The feature may be concave or convex features such as hemispheres, hemi-ellipsoids, partial-spheres, partial-ellipsoids, or combinations thereof The feature may be pyramidal. A method of forming the back reflector array is by forming an array of features from a photocurable resin, subsequent curing the resin and metalizing the cured resin to render the surface reflective. The photocurable resin can be applied by inkjet printing or rolling or stamping with a mold.

    Abstract translation: 后反射器阵列被施加到薄膜太阳能电池的入射光接收表面的远侧的表面，以通过改变反射光路来增加其效率，从而增加通过太阳能电池的有源层的光的路径长度。 后反射器是微米比例的特征阵列。 特征可以是凹形或凸形特征，例如半球，半椭圆体，部分球体，部分椭圆体或其组合。特征可以是金字塔形的。 形成背反射器阵列的方法是通过从光固化树脂形成特征阵列，随后固化树脂并金属化固化树脂以使表面反射。 光固化树脂可以通过喷墨印刷或用模具进行轧制或冲压加工。

    SOLARTURF: SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING ARTIFICIAL TURF
    5.
    发明申请
    SOLARTURF: SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING ARTIFICIAL TURF 有权
    SOLARTURF：太阳能收集人造革

    公开(公告)号：US20110023934A1

    公开(公告)日：2011-02-03

    申请号：US12745285

    申请日：2008-11-26

    Applicant: Jiangeng Xue ,  Franky So ,  Kirk S. Schanze ,  John R. Reynolds

    Inventor： Jiangeng Xue ,  Franky So ,  Kirk S. Schanze ,  John R. Reynolds

    IPC: H01L31/042 ,  H01L31/18

    CPC classification number: H01L27/301 ,  H01L27/304

    Abstract: A SolarTurf unit has a plurality of solar blades, each blade comprising a donor-acceptor conjugated polymer (DA-CP) disposed between and electrically contacting a working electrode and a counter electrode where at least one of electrodes is transparent and where the plurality of solar blades have like or different DA-CPs having like color or different colors, for example, green. The SolarTurf unit includes an interconnect strip having a first electrically conductive surface and a second electrically conductive surface separated by an insulator. The working electrodes are electrically connected to the first electrically conductive surface and the counter electrodes are electrically connected to the second electrically conductive surface. The SolarTurf units can be combined into a device for harvesting light energy to provide an electric output. The SolarTurf device can have the appearance of a lawn or other plant, fungi, rock, sand or animal.

    Abstract translation: SolarTurf单元具有多个太阳能叶片，每个叶片包括设置在工作电极和对电极之间的电接触共轭聚合物（DA-CP），其中至少一个电极是透明的，并且多个太阳能 叶片具有类似或不同的具有相似颜色或不同颜色的DA-CP，例如绿色。 SolarTurf单元包括具有第一导电表面和由绝缘体隔开的第二导电表面的互连条。 工作电极电连接到第一导电表面，并且相对电极电连接到第二导电表面。 SolarTurf单元可以组合成用于收集光能的设备以提供电力输出。 SolarTurf设备可以具有草坪或其他植物，真菌，岩石，沙子或动物的外观。

    Low resistance thin film organic solar cell electrodes
    6.
    发明申请
    Low resistance thin film organic solar cell electrodes 审中-公开
    低电阻薄膜有机太阳能电池电极

    公开(公告)号：US20080131993A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-06-05

    申请号：US12005773

    申请日：2007-12-27

    Applicant: Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

    Inventor： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

    IPC: H01L51/44

    CPC classification number: H01L51/441 ,  H01L27/301 ,  H01L51/424 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

    Abstract: A method which lower the series resistance of photosensitive devices includes providing a transparent film of a first electrically conductive material arranged on a transparent substrate; depositing and patterning a mask over the first electrically conductive material, such that openings in the mask have sloping sides which narrow approaching the substrate; depositing a second electrically conductive material directly onto the first electrically conductive material exposed in the openings of the mask, at least partially filling the openings; stripping the mask, leaving behind reentrant structures of the second electrically conductive material which were formed by the deposits in the openings of the mask; after stripping the mask, depositing a first organic material onto the first electrically conductive material in between the reentrant structures; and directionally depositing a third electrically conductive material over the first organic material deposited in between the reentrant structures, edges of the reentrant structures aligning deposition so that the third electrically conductive material does not directly contact the first electrically conductive material, and does not directly contact the second electrically conductive material.

    Abstract translation: 降低光敏元件的串联电阻的方法包括提供布置在透明基板上的第一导电材料的透明膜; 在所述第一导电材料上沉积和图案化掩模，使得所述掩模中的开口具有接近所述基底的窄边; 将第二导电材料直接沉积在暴露于掩模的开口中的至少部分填充开口的第一导电材料上; 剥离掩模，留下由掩模的开口中的沉积物形成的第二导电材料的可重入结构; 在剥离掩模之后，将第一有机材料沉积在第一导电材料之间的可重入结构之间; 并且在第一有机材料上定向沉积第三导电材料，所述第一有机材料沉积在所述凹坑结构之间，所述凹槽结构的边缘对准沉积物，使得所述第三导电材料不直接接触所述第一导电材料，并且不直接接触所述第一导电材料 第二导电材料。

    Stacked organic photosensitive devices
    7.
    发明授权
    Stacked organic photosensitive devices 有权
    堆叠有机光敏元件

    公开(公告)号：US07326955B2

    公开(公告)日：2008-02-05

    申请号：US10911560

    申请日：2004-08-05

    Applicant: Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

    Inventor： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

    IPC: H01L27/142

    CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  Y02E10/549

    Abstract: A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that λ1 is at least about 10% different from λ2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.

    Abstract translation: 提供一种器件，其具有第一电极，第二电极，具有特征吸收波长λ1的第一光活性区域和具有特征吸收波长λ2的第二光活性区域， 。 光活性区域设置在第一和第二电极之间，并且进一步定位在反射层的相同侧上，使得第一光活性区域比第二光活性区域更靠近反射层。 可以选择包含光活性区的材料，使得λ1至少与λ2不同10％。 该装置还可以包括邻近并与每个光活性区域的有机受体材料直接接触的激子阻挡层，其中除最接近阴极之外的每个激子阻挡层的LUMO不大于约0.3eV，大于约0.3eV 受体材料的LUMO。

    Method and apparatus for light absorption and charged carrier transport
    9.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for light absorption and charged carrier transport 有权

    公开(公告)号：US10096789B2

    公开(公告)日：2018-10-09

    申请号：US12601371

    申请日：2008-05-23

    Applicant: Jiangeng Xue

    Inventor： Jiangeng Xue

    IPC: H01L51/40 ,  H01L51/10 ,  H01L51/42 ,  H01L51/00 ,  G03F7/00

    Abstract: Embodiments of the invention pertain to the use of alloyed semiconductor nanocrystals for use in solar cells. The use of alloyed semiconductor nanocrystals offers materials that have a flexible stoichiometry. The alloyed semiconductor may be a ternary semiconductor alloy, such as AxB1-xC or AB1-yCy, or a quaternary semiconductor alloy, such as AxByC1-x-yD, AxB1-xCyD1-y or ABxCyD1-x-y (where A, B, C, and D are different elements). In general, alloys with more than four elements can be used as well, although it can be much harder to control the synthesis and quality of such materials. Embodiments of the invention pertain to solar cells having a layer incorporating two or more organic materials such that percolated paths for one or both molecular species are created. Specific embodiments of the invention pertain to a method for fabricating nanostructured bulk heterojunction that facilitates both efficient exciton diffusion and charge transport. Embodiments of the subject invention pertain to a solar cell having an architecture that allows for efficient harvesting of solar energy. The organic solar cell architecture can incorporate a host/guest (or matrix/dopant) material system that utilizes the long diffusion lengths for triplet excitons without compromising light absorption efficiency.

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