公开(公告)号：US07053412B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-30

申请号：US10607138

申请日：2003-06-27

Applicant: Michael Hack ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

Inventor： Michael Hack ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC: H01L21/00

CPC classification number: H01L27/3269 ,  G09G3/2014 ,  G09G3/2074 ,  G09G3/3258 ,  G09G3/3291 ,  G09G2300/0857 ,  G09G2320/0285 ,  G09G2320/043 ,  G09G2330/026 ,  G09G2360/148 ,  H01L27/3281

Abstract: A light emitting device capable of displaying grey scale is provided. The device has a pixel having a plurality of bistable subpixels. Each subpixel has an ON state and an OFF state. A different power line is coupled to each bistable subpixel. Circuitry that can individually modulate the pulse width of a power signal transmitted through each power line is connected to the power lines. Each subpixel includes a first light emitting device the emits light when the subpixel is in the ON state. Each subpixel has substantially the same size and emits substantially the same spectrum of light in the ON state.

Abstract translation: 提供能够显示灰度级的发光装置。 该装置具有具有多个双稳态子像素的像素。 每个子像素具有ON状态和OFF状态。 不同的电源线耦合到每个双稳态子像素。 可以单独调制通过每条电力线传输的电力信号的脉冲宽度的电路连接到电力线。 每个子像素包括当子像素处于ON状态时发光的第一发光器件。 每个子像素具有基本上相同的尺寸并且在ON状态下发射基本上相同的光谱。

公开(公告)号：US07061011B2

公开(公告)日：2006-06-13

申请号：US10721072

申请日：2003-11-26

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC: H01L35/24

CPC classification number: H01L51/0504 ,  H01L51/002 ,  H01L51/0051 ,  H01L51/0052 ,  H01L51/0062

Abstract: An organic device is provided, having a first electrode and a second electrode. A first organic layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first organic layer includes a first organic material, with a concentration of at least 50% molar, and a second organic material, with a concentration less than 50% molar. A second organic layer is also disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second organic layer includes the second organic material, with a concentration of at least 50% molar, and the first organic material, with a concentration less than 50% molar. The first organic material may act as an n-dopant in the second organic layer, and the second organic material may act as a p-dopant in the first organic layer. Alternately, the first organic material may act as a p-dopant in the second organic layer, and the second organic material may act as an n-dopant in the first organic layer. Exemplary materials for the first and second organic materials include PTCDA and BTQBT. Devices that may be fabricated include organic light emitting devices, organic transistors, and organic photosensitive devices. Preferably, the electron affinity of the first organic material is within about 0.4 eV of the ionization potential of the second organic material, and more preferably within about 0.2 eV. The first and second organic layers may also be used in separate devices fabricated on the same substrate. A method of fabricating devices is provided, by co-depositing the first and second organic materials at different concentrations in different layers, such that a different material is the host in different layers.

Abstract translation: 提供了具有第一电极和第二电极的有机器件。 第一有机层设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。 第一有机层包括浓度为至少50％摩尔的第一有机材料和浓度小于50％摩尔的第二有机材料。 第二有机层也设置在第一电极和第二电极之间。 第二有机层包括浓度至少为50％摩尔的第二有机材料和第一有机材料，其浓度小于50％摩尔。 第一有机材料可以在第二有机层中充当n掺杂剂，并且第二有机材料可以在第一有机层中充当p掺杂剂。 或者，第一有机材料可以在第二有机层中用作p掺杂剂，并且第二有机材料可以在第一有机层中充当n掺杂剂。 用于第一和第二有机材料的示例性材料包括PTCDA和BTQBT。 可以制造的器件包括有机发光器件，有机晶体管和有机光敏器件。 优选地，第一有机材料的电子亲和力在第二有机材料的电离电位的约0.4eV内，更优选在约0.2eV内。 第一和第二有机层也可以用在同一衬底上制造的分开的器件中。 提供一种制造器件的方法，通过在不同层中以不同浓度共沉积第一和第二有机材料，使得不同的材料是不同层中的主体。

公开(公告)号：US06972431B2

公开(公告)日：2005-12-06

申请号：US10723953

申请日：2003-11-26

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC: H01L21/00 ,  H01L27/30 ,  H01L31/06 ,  H01L35/24 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/42

CPC classification number: H01L51/424 ,  H01L27/305 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0071 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to organic photodetectors. Further, it is directed to an optimized organic photodetector having reduced dark current and high efficiency and response time.

Abstract translation: 本发明一般涉及有机光电探测器。 此外，它涉及具有降低的暗电流和高效率和响应时间的优化的有机光电探测器。

公开(公告)号：US09793481B2

公开(公告)日：2017-10-17

申请号：US12331062

申请日：2008-12-09

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Momchil T. Mihnev ,  Andre D. Taylor ,  Xin Xu

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Momchil T. Mihnev ,  Andre D. Taylor ,  Xin Xu

IPC: H01L51/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/0021

Abstract: A method is provided. A first layer is provided over a substrate, the first layer comprising a first material. A patterned second layer is applied over the first layer via stamping. The second layer comprising a second material. The second layer covers a first portion of the first layer, and does not cover a second portion of the first layer. The second portion of the first layer is removed via a subtractive process while the first portion of the first layer is protected from removal by the patterned second layer.

公开(公告)号：US09496315B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-15

申请号：US12859496

申请日：2010-08-19

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Xin Xu ,  Christopher Kyle Renshaw

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Xin Xu ,  Christopher Kyle Renshaw

IPC: H01L51/44 ,  H01L27/30 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/28 ,  H01L51/10 ,  H01L51/00 ,  H01L51/05 ,  H01L51/42

CPC classification number: H01L27/307 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/283 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/0541 ,  H01L51/105 ,  H01L51/424

Abstract: Top-gate, bottom-contact organic thin film transistors are provided. The transistors may include metal bilayer electrodes to aid in charge movement within the device. In an embodiment, an organic transistor includes a drain electrode and a source electrode disposed over a first region of a substrate, a transition metal oxide layer disposed over and in direct physical contact with the drain electrode and the source electrode, an organic preferentially hole conducting channel layer disposed over the metal oxide and between the drain electrode and the source electrode, and a gate electrode disposed over the channel.

Abstract translation: 提供了顶栅，底接触有机薄膜晶体管。 晶体管可以包括金属双层电极，以帮助器件内的电荷移动。 在一个实施例中，有机晶体管包括设置在衬底的第一区域上的漏电极和源电极，设置在漏电极和源电极上并与漏电极和源电极直接物理接触的过渡金属氧化物层，有机优先导孔 沟道层设置在金属氧化物之上，并且在漏电极和源电极之间，以及设置在沟道上的栅电极。

公开(公告)号：US20160254101A1

公开(公告)日：2016-09-01

申请号：US15030881

申请日：2014-10-27

Applicant: Stephen R. FORREST ,  Xin XIAO ,  Kevin BERGEMANN ,  Anurag PANDA ,  Jeramy D. ZIMMERMAN ,  Brian E. LASSITER ,  Mark E. THOMPSON ,  Andrew N. BARTYNSKI ,  Cong THINH ,  Xiaozhou CHE

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Xin Xiao ,  Jeramy D. Zimmerman ,  Kevin Bergemann ,  Anurag Panda ,  Brian E. Lassiter ,  Mark E. Thompson ,  Andrew N. Bartynski ,  Cong Trinh ,  Xiaozhou Che

IPC: H01G9/20 ,  H01L31/0216

CPC classification number: H01L51/4273 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: Disclosed herein are organic photosensitive devices including a first subcell and a second subcell and having at least one exciton-blocking charge carrier filter disposed between the subcells. The filters comprise a mixture of at least one wide energy gap material and at least one electron or hole conducting material. As described herein, the filters simultaneously block excitons and conduct the desired charge carrier (electrons or holes).

Abstract translation: 本文公开了包括第一子电池和第二子电池并且具有设置在子电池之间的至少一个激子阻挡电荷载流子过滤器的有机光敏器件。 过滤器包括至少一个宽能隙材料和至少一个电子或空穴传导材料的混合物。 如本文所述，滤光器同时阻止激子并传导所需的电荷载流子（电子或空穴）。

公开(公告)号：US08987589B2

公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

申请号：US11486163

申请日：2006-07-14

Applicant: Barry Rand ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Diana Pendergrast Burk

Inventor： Barry Rand ,  Stephen R. Forrest ,  Diana Pendergrast Burk

IPC: H01L31/0256 ,  H01L51/42 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/30 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: H01L51/4246 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0071 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4253 ,  Y02E10/549

Abstract: An organic photovoltaic cell includes an anode and a cathode, and a plurality of organic semiconductor layers between the anode and the cathode. At least one of the anode and the cathode is transparent. Each two adjacent layers of the plurality of organic semiconductor layers are in direct contact. The plurality of organic semiconductor layers includes an intermediate layer consisting essentially of a photoconductive material, and two sets of at least three layers. A first set of at least three layers is between the intermediate layer and the anode. Each layer of the first set consists essentially of a different organic semiconductor material having a higher LUMO and a higher HOMO, relative to the material of an adjacent layer of the plurality of organic semiconductor layers closer to the cathode. A second set of at least three layers is between the intermediate layer and the cathode. Each layer of the second set consists essentially of a different organic semiconductor material having a lower LUMO and a lower HOMO, relative to the material of an adjacent layer of the plurality of organic semiconductor layers closer to the anode.

Abstract translation: 有机光伏电池包括阳极和阴极，以及在阳极和阴极之间的多个有机半导体层。 阳极和阴极中的至少一个是透明的。 多个有机半导体层中的每两相邻层直接接触。 多个有机半导体层包括基本上由光电导材料组成的中间层和两组至少三层。 中间层和阳极之间至少有三层的第一组。 相对于更靠近阴极的多个有机半导体层的相邻层的材料，第一组的每个层基本上由具有较高LUMO和较高HOMO的不同有机半导体材料组成。 第二组至少三层在中间层和阴极之间。 相对于更靠近阳极的多个有机半导体层的相邻层的材料，第二组的每个层基本上由具有较低LUMO和较低HOMO的不同有机半导体材料组成。

公开(公告)号：US08816332B2

公开(公告)日：2014-08-26

申请号：US13400963

申请日：2012-02-21

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Brian E. Lassiter

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Brian E. Lassiter

IPC: H01L29/08 ,  H01L35/24 ,  H01L51/00

CPC classification number: B82Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0047 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/006 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to photosensitive optoelectronic devices including a compound blocking layer located between an acceptor material and a cathode, the compound blocking layer including: at least one electron conducting material, and at least one wide-gap electron conducting exciton blocking layer. For example, 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole (PTCBI) and 1,4,5,8-napthalene-tetracarboxylic-dianhydride (NTCDA) function as electron conducting and exciton blocking layers when interposed between the acceptor layer and cathode. Both materials serve as efficient electron conductors, leading to a fill factor as high as 0.70. By using an NTCDA/PTCBI compound blocking layer structure increased power conversion efficiency is achieved, compared to an analogous device using a conventional blocking layers shown to conduct electrons via damage-induced midgap states.

Abstract translation: 本公开涉及包括位于受主材料和阴极之间的化合物阻挡层的光敏光电子器件，所述化合物阻挡层包括：至少一种电子传导材料和至少一个宽间隙电子传导激子阻挡层。 例如，当介于受体层和阴极之间时，3,4,9,10苝四羧酸双苯并咪唑（PTCBI）和1,4,5,8-四羧酸二酐（NTCDA）作为电子传导和激子阻断层发挥作用。 这两种材料都是高效的电子导体，导致高达0.70的填充因子。 与使用传统阻挡层的类似器件相比，通过使用NTCDA / PTCBI化合物阻挡层结构提高了功率转换效率，所示的传统阻挡层通过损伤诱导的中间隙状态传导电子。

公开(公告)号：US08637345B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-28

申请号：US13525539

申请日：2012-06-18

Applicant: Changsoon Kim ,  Stephen R. Forrest

Inventor： Changsoon Kim ,  Stephen R. Forrest

IPC: H01L51/40

CPC classification number: H01L51/0022 ,  B33Y10/00 ,  H01L51/0004 ,  H01L51/0516 ,  H01L51/0545

Abstract: Methods of transferring a metal and/or organic layer from a patterned stamp, preferably a soft, elastomeric stamp, to a substrate are provided. The patterned metal or organic layer may be used for example, in a wide range of electronic devices. The present methods are particularly suitable for nanoscale patterning of organic electronic components.

Abstract translation: 提供了将金属和/或有机层从图案化的印模，优选软的弹性体印模转移到基底的方法。 图案化的金属或有机层可以用于例如广泛的电子器件中。 本发明的方法特别适用于有机电子元件的纳米尺度图案化。

公开(公告)号：US08633497B2

公开(公告)日：2014-01-21

申请号：US12731249

申请日：2010-03-25

Applicant: Stephen R. Forrest ,  Michael Slootsky ,  Richard Lunt

Inventor： Stephen R. Forrest ,  Michael Slootsky ,  Richard Lunt

IPC: H01L51/52

CPC classification number: H01L51/5203 ,  H01L27/3244 ,  H01L33/24 ,  H01L51/5271 ,  H01L51/5275 ,  H01L2251/5315

Abstract: A first device is provided. The first device includes an organic light emitting device, which further comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic emissive layer disposed between the first and second electrode. Preferably, the second electrode is more transparent than the first electrode. The organic emissive layer has a first portion shaped to form an indentation in the direction of the first electrode, and a second portion shaped to form a protrusion in the direction of the second electrode. The first device may include a plurality of organic light emitting devices. The indentation may have a shape that is formed from a partial sphere, a partial cylinder, a pyramid, or a pyramid with a mesa, among others. The protrusions may be formed between adjoining indentations or between an indentation and a surface parallel to the substrate.

Abstract translation: 提供第一个设备。 第一器件包括有机发光器件，其还包括设置在第一和第二电极之间的第一电极，第二电极和有机发光层。 优选地，第二电极比第一电极更透明。 有机发光层具有成形为在第一电极的方向上形成凹陷的第一部分和形成为在第二电极的方向上形成突起的第二部分。 第一装置可以包括多个有机发光装置。 凹陷可以具有由局部球体，部分圆柱体，金字塔形或具有台面的金字塔等形成的形状。 突起可以形成在相邻的凹陷之间或者在凹陷和平行于基底的表面之间。