Abstract:
A method for performing an electrochemical plating (ECP) process includes contacting a surface of a substrate with a plating solution comprising ions of a metal to be deposited, electroplating the metal on the surface of the substrate, in situ monitoring a plating current flowing through the plating solution between an anode and the substrate immersed in the plating solution as the ECP process continues, and adjusting a composition of the plating solution in response to the plating current being below a critical plating current such that voids formed in a subset of conductive lines having a highest line-end density among a plurality of conductive lines for a metallization layer over the substrate are prevented.
Abstract:
In a method for manufacturing an interconnect structure, a dielectric layer is removed to form a first recess and a second recess. The first recess is below the second recess. A first metal layer is deposited to fill the first recess and a first portion of the second recess. A carbon-containing layer is deposited over the first metal layer to fill a second portion of the second recess, which is over the first portion. A second metal layer is deposited over the carbon-containing layer to fill a third portion of the second recess, which is over the second portion. A carbon concentration of the carbon-containing layer is greater than a carbon concentration of the first metal layer and a carbon concentration of the second metal layer, and the carbon concentration of the first metal layer is substantially the same as the carbon concentration of the second metal layer.
Abstract:
A method of electroplating a metal into a recessed feature is provided, which includes: contacting a surface of the recessed feature with an electroplating solution comprising metal ions, an accelerator additive, a suppressor additive and a leveler additive, in which the recessed feature has at least two elongated regions and a cross region laterally between the two elongated regions, and a molar concentration ratio of the accelerator additive: the suppressor additive: the leveler additive is (8-15):(1.5-3):(0.5-2); and electroplating the metal to form an electroplating layer in the recessed feature. An electroplating layer in a recessed feature is also provided.
Abstract:
A copper layer structure includes a first copper layer, a second copper layer and a carbon-rich copper layer. The second copper layer is disposed over the first copper layer. The carbon-rich copper layer is sandwiched between the first copper layer and the second copper layer. A carbon concentration of the carbon-rich copper layer is greater than a carbon concentration of the first copper layer and a carbon concentration of the second copper layer.