摘要:
The invention relates to processes for producing hard sweets from isomalt while maintaining strict pHs, and also to mixed compositions containing isomalt and optionally pH buffer substances having a defined pH.
摘要:
The invention relates to an operating medium for an absorption refrigeration device, comprising 5 to 30 wt % water and 65 to 95 wt % of a sorption agent comprising lithium bromide and at least one ionic liquid and wherein the sorption agent comprises ionic liquid and lithium bromide in a weight ratio of 0.5:1 to 5:1, having a lower friction coefficient compared to an operating medium comprising water and lithium bromide.
摘要:
The invention relates to an improved method for releasing an organic acid, preferably a carbon, sulfone or phosphone acid, particularly an alpha or beta hydroxycarbon acid, from the ammonia salt thereof by releasing and removing ammoniac and simultaneous extraction of the released acid, having an amine as a suitable extraction means from the aqueous phase. This method corresponds to a reactive extraction. The reactive extraction of an organic acid from the aqueous ammonia salt solution thereof can be significantly improved by the use of a strip medium or carrier gas, such as nitrogen, air, water vapor or inert gases such as argon. The released ammoniac is removed from the aqueous solution by the continuous gas flow and can be resupplied into a production process. The free acid can be obtained by a method such as distillation, rectification, crystallization, reextraction, chromatography, adsorption or by a membrane method from the extraction means.
摘要:
The invention relates to an improved method for releasing an organic acid, preferably a carbon, sulfone or phosphone acid, particularly an alpha or beta hydroxycarbon acid, from the ammonia salt thereof by releasing and removing ammoniac and simultaneous extraction of the released acid, having an amine as a suitable extraction means from the aqueous phase. This method corresponds to a reactive extraction. The reactive extraction of an organic acid from the aqueous ammonia salt solution thereof can be significantly improved by the use of a strip medium or carrier gas, such as nitrogen, air, water vapor or inert gases such as argon. The released ammoniac is removed from the aqueous solution by the continuous gas flow and can be resupplied into a production process. The free acid can be obtained by a method such as distillation, rectification, crystallization, reextraction, chromatography, adsorption or by a membrane method from the extraction means.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of free carboxylic acids including: A) preparation of carboxylic acid by a biological cell located in an aqueous medium with addition of an amine of formula (I) where R1, R2 and R3, independently of one another, are identical or different, branched or unbranched, optionally substituted hydrocarbon radicals or H; B) for cases where the added amine A) is water-soluble, addition of a water-insoluble amine of formula (I), where, in A) or B), a multiphase system is obtained and the corresponding ammonium carboxylate is formed from the water-insoluble amine and the carboxylic acid; C) removal of the water-insoluble phase; and D) heating of the water-insoluble phase with release of free carboxylic acid.
摘要:
The invention relates to an operating medium for an absorption refrigeration device, comprising 5 to 30 wt % water and 65 to 95 wt % of a sorption agent comprising lithium bromide and at least one ionic liquid and wherein the sorption agent comprises ionic liquid and lithium bromide in a weight ratio of 0.5:1 to 5:1, having a lower friction coefficient compared to an operating medium comprising water and lithium bromide.
摘要:
A working medium comprising at least one refrigerant, at least one monohydric aliphatic alcohol having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one ionic liquid composed of at least one organic cation and at least one anion shows an improved efficiency COP in an absorption heat pump compared to working media which do not contain an alcohol having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
摘要:
An absorption heat pump with a sorbent comprising a lithium salt and at least one organic salt with an organic cation Q+, the lithium salt and organic salt having the same anion, the anion having a molar mass of not more than 200 g/mol and not being halide, and the organic cation Q+ having a molar mass of not more than 200 g/mol, exhibits an improved degassing range of the working medium composed of refrigerant and sorbent.
摘要:
An absorption heat pump with a sorbent which comprises lithium chloride and at least one salt Q+Cl− with an organic cation Q+ and the shared anion chloride, the organic cation Q+ having a molar mass of not more than 200 g/mol, exhibits an improved degassing range of the working medium composed of refrigerant and sorbent.