摘要:
A process for producing zeolite aggregates involves providing a formable paste composed of zeolite, a binder composed of an organic/metal oxide containing aluminum, a peptizing agent and water; forming the paste into an aggregate, preferably by extruding into an extrudate; curing the aggregate; hydro-thermally calcining the aggregate; and washing the hydro-thermally calcined aggregate with a washing medium, preferably followed by rinsing with a rinsing medium to remove residual washing medium from the aggregate. The washed and rinsed aggregate may then be permitted to equilibrate or is subjected to a drying procedure. Preferably, the washed and rinsed aggregate is again subjected to curing/hydro-thermal calcining. The resultant aggregates, such as extrudates, have an exterior surface with openings and interstitial spaces between particles of binder and zeolite which communicate by such openings between the exterior surface of the aggregate and micropores of the zeolite; the aggregates also exhibit characteristics of crush strength greater than about 0.9 pounds per millimeter and a loss by attrition of less than about 3.0%. Regenerable catalysts, such as reforming catalysts, based on such aggregate also exhibit a catalyst activity pass through to the zeolite bound in the aggregate of at least 70% of the initial catalyst activity of freshly prepared zeolite, as well as exhibiting more than about 70% of the reforming benzene yield that the reforming catalyst exhibited when similarly tested prior to being exposed to a hydrocarbon stream under specified reforming conditions of the catalyst activity test procedures.
摘要:
A process for producing zeolite aggregates involves providing a formable paste composed of zeolite, a binder composed of an organic/metal oxide containing aluminum, a peptizing agent and water; forming the paste into an aggregate, preferably by extruding into an extrudate; curing the aggregate; hydro-thermally calcining the aggregate; and washing the hydro-thermally calcined aggregate with a washing medium, preferably followed by rinsing with a rinsing medium to remove residual washing medium from the aggregate. The washed and rinsed aggregate may then be permitted to equilibrate or is subjected to a drying procedure. Preferably, the washed and rinsed aggregate is again subjected to curing/hydro-thermal calcining. The resultant aggregates, such as extrudates, have an exterior surface with openings and interstitial spaces between particles of binder and zeolite which communicate by such openings between the exterior surface of the aggregate and micropores of the zeolite; the aggregates also exhibit characteristics of crush strength greater than about 0.9 pounds per millimeter and a loss by attrition of less than about 3.0%. Regenerable catalysts, such as reforming catalysts, based on such aggregate also exhibit a catalyst activity pass through to the zeolite bound in the aggregate of at least 70% of the initial catalyst activity of freshly prepared zeolite, as well as exhibiting more than about 70% of the reforming benzene yield that the reforming catalyst exhibited when similarly tested prior to being exposed to a hydrocarbon stream under specified reforming conditions of the catalyst activity test procedures.
摘要:
The present invention discloses an alcohol coupling process in which a vaporized mixture of starting alcohols, preferably methanol and ethanol, is reacted with syngas in the presence of a large pore L zeolite, Y zeolite or large port mordenite, to form at least one alcohol coupling product having a greater number of carbon atoms than all of the starting alcohols. The large pore zeolite preferably has a substantial absence of strongly acidic catalytic sites and the reaction preferably produces the product alcohol in the substantial absence of C.sub.6+ oxygenates.
摘要:
Zeolites washed with aqueous solutions or water to exhibit pH in the range of 9.4 to 10.0 and preferably 9.6 to 10.0 which can be converted to reforming catalysts with enhanced activity, selectivity and activity maintenance. Also processes for washing the zeolite to the target pH range and processes for using catalysts made with the washed zeolite to reform naphtha feeds.
摘要:
A process for the liquid phase oxidation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes, and the in situ decomposition of unsaturated intermediate peroxy (peroxide) compounds formed during oxidation, to the corresponding unsaturated aliphatic acid which comprises passing oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas through an inert solvent solution of the aldehyde at a suitable temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalytic amount of a thallium salt. The solvents employed may be mixed with water forming a heterogeneous solvent system.
摘要:
A class of bound catalysts which exhibit superior activity maintenance in dehydrocyclization reactions are defined as a type L zeolite having exchangeable cations of which at least 75% are selected from Group IA and calcium and barium cations and containing well dispersed particles of at least one Group VIII noble metal where at least 90% of the noble metal thereof is dispersed in the form of particles having a diameter less than 7 .ANG.. The catalysts may also be identified as type L zeolites loaded with at least one Group VIII noble metal which have a terminal cracking index (as a measure of production of pentanes versus butanes from hexane) of at least 1.5.
摘要:
Phenyl acetic acid is prepared by the reaction of molecular oxygen and the combination of acetic acid and benzene in the presence of a catalytic system featuring both tellurium and halide, the unit atomic ratio of halide to tellurium being within a range from about 3 to about 20, at a temperature within a range from about 100.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. at a pressure within a range from about 1 to about 15 atmospheres.
摘要:
An ion exchange method is provided for loading and uniformly distributing noble metals into a catalyst substrate comprising a zeolite to make a monofunctional, non-acidic reforming catalyst. The catalyst substrate is contacted with an aqueous loading solution comprising noble metal cations and non-noble metal cations. The loading solution is formulated such that the equivalents of non-noble metal cations remaining in the catalyst not ionically bonded to the zeolite when loading is complete is 1.2 to 6.0 times the equivalents of non-noble metal cations displaced from the zeolite when the noble metal cations ion exchange into the zeolite, and simultaneously the endpoint pH of the loading solution is between 10.0 and 11.5. The required 1.2 to 6.0 ratio is achieved when the ratio of moles of non-noble metal cations added to the loading solution to moles of noble metal added to the loading solution is between 1 and 10. The use of ion exchange method results in zeolite catalysts having reduced amounts of detrital material in the micropores of the zeolite.
摘要:
Zeolites washed with aqueous solutions or water or exhibit pH in the range of 9.4 to 10.0 and preferably 9.6 to 10.0 which can be converted to reforming catalysts with enhanced activity, selectivity and activity maintenance. Also processes for washing the zeolite to the target pH range and processes for using catalysts made with the washed zeolite to reform naphtha feeds.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of a cyclic alkylene carbonate ester which comprises reacting in a liquid phase a cyclic or linear olefin having from 2 to 15 carbon atoms with carbon dioxide at a temperature of from 30.degree. to 160.degree. C., at a total pressure of from 100 to about 2,000 psig and a pH value of between about 4 and 8, in the presence of oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas and a catalytic amount of a mixture of (a) iodine or an iodide of a metal selected from Groups IA, IB, IIA, IIB, VB, VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, (b) a carbonate of a metal selected from Groups IB, IIA, IIB and VIII of the Periodic Table of Elements, (c) a catalytic iron compound and (d) a catalytic soluble cupric salt, and recovering resulting cyclic alkylene carbonate ester.