摘要:
This invention reduces degradation in image quality and improves altered portion specifying accuracy in a digital watermark technology. For this purpose, an apparatus of this invention inputs image data and information such as a copyright holder name to be embedded in the image data (S1, S2). A mask pattern having a blue noise characteristic for intermediate- and high-frequency components is set at the image data start position, and pixel data at a target embedding position in the mask pattern is quantized (S5). The quantization error at this time corresponds to the bit information to be embedded at that position. This processing is repeatedly performed for the entire image (S6-S9).
摘要:
Provided is a gas sensor in which a connection terminal can be favorably fitted onto a cylindrical sensor element without causing a breakage of the connection terminal. An oxygen sensor (1) includes an outer connection terminal (29) having an outer fitting portion (53), an extension portion (55) extending inwardly from an axially intermediate point of the outer fitting portion (53) and pulling prevention portions (75) and (77) formed on rear end parts of the outer fitting portion (53) at positions adjacent to the extension portion (55). When the extension portion (55) of the outer connection terminal (29) is inserted in and pulled out from a through hole (23) of a separator (27), the extension portion (55) can be prevented from further pulling in the through hole (23) by contact of the pulling prevention portions (75) and (77) with a front end surface of the separator (27).
摘要:
A method for calculating an offset of an exposure dose and a focus position in an exposure apparatus that exposes a substrate via an original includes the steps of obtaining information of a shape of a pattern formed on the substrate using the exposure apparatus, calculating a shift amount between a critical dimension contained in the information of the shape of the pattern and a reference value of the critical dimension, and calculating an offset of the focus position based on the information of the shape of the pattern, and calculating the offset of the exposure dose based on the shift amount and the offset of the focus position.
摘要:
A method for calculating a correction amount to a focus amount or an exposure dose in exposing a substrate with an exposure apparatus includes a storing step of storing plural sets, each of which is a combination of a set focus amount, a set exposure dose, and first image information of a pattern formed on the substrate through an exposure with the set focus amount and the set exposure dose, the plural sets having different focus amounts and/or different exposure doses, an obtaining step of obtaining second image information of a pattern formed on the substrate through another exposure, and a selecting step of finding a correlation value between the second image information obtained in the obtaining step and the first image information in the plural sets stored in the storing step, and of selecting at least two sets having two highest correlation values among the plural sets.
摘要:
An apparatus includes (a) an image processor which (i) calculates a similarity between first image data of a first partial region in object image data and reference image data, with respect to each pair of a second partial region of the first image data and a third partial region of the reference image data that correspond to each other, (ii) calculates a statistic of a plurality of the calculated similarities, with respect to a plurality of the image pairs, and (iii) recognizes, as a position of an object region in the object image data, a position of the first partial region in the object image data, which has the highest statistic of a plurality of the calculated statistics, and (b) an exposure unit which exposes a substrate to a pattern based on the position of the object region recognized by the image processor.
摘要:
Although a copying machine which has finally output a forged print can be specified by the forgery tracking function, a copying machine which has output an original used for copying or a scanner used to read the images of bills or securities cannot be specified. For this purpose, history information embedded in input image data is extracted. When the history information is extracted, information unique to the apparatus is added to the history information. When no history information is extracted, history information containing information unique to the apparatus is generated. The generated or updated history information is embedded in the image data.
摘要:
An average of pattern scores of a target binary image is obtained based upon the target binary image and first principal component vectors of a reference pattern, and the average of pattern scores of the target binary image is compared with a reference-pattern score that is based upon a sum total of distances between the first principal component direction of the reference pattern and a standard vector. Feature vector space of the target binary image is translated in accordance with the result of the comparison and access control information to be embedded in the target binary image, and an image is formed upon altering the target binary image based upon the result obtained by translating the feature vector space.
摘要:
Provided is a gas sensor in which a connection terminal can be favorably fitted onto a cylindrical sensor element without causing a breakage of the connection terminal. An oxygen sensor (1) includes an outer connection terminal (29) having an outer fitting portion (53), an extension portion (55) extending inwardly from an axially intermediate point of the outer fitting portion (53) and pulling prevention portions (75) and (77) formed on rear end parts of the outer fitting portion (53) at positions adjacent to the extension portion (55). When the extension portion (55) of the outer connection terminal (29) is inserted in and pulled out from a through hole (23) of a separator (27), the extension portion (55) can be prevented from further pulling in the through hole (23) by contact of the pulling prevention portions (75) and (77) with a front end surface of the separator (27).
摘要:
A shape measuring apparatus for measuring the shape of a measurement target surface includes an interferometer and computer. The interferometer senses interference light formed by measurement light from the measurement target surface and reference light by a photoelectric converter, while changing the light path length of the measurement light or the reference light. The computer Fourier-transforms a first interference signal sensed by the photoelectric converter to obtain a phase distribution and an amplitude distribution, shapes the amplitude distribution, inversely Fourier-transforms the phase distribution and the shaped amplitude distribution to obtain a second interference signal, and determines the shape of the measurement target surface based on the second interference signal.
摘要:
Although a copying machine which has finally output a forged print can be specified by the forgery tracking function, a copying machine which has output an original used for copying or a scanner used to read the images of bills or securities cannot be specified. For this purpose, history information embedded in input image data is extracted. When the history information is extracted, information unique to the apparatus is added to the history information. When no history information is extracted, history information containing information unique to the apparatus is generated. The generated or updated history information is embedded in the image data.