摘要:
A fuel injection apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which is designed to control a fuel discharge from a fuel injection pump by regulating the quantity of fuel sucked into the fuel injection pump. The fuel injection pump is driven in synchronism with rotation of the engine to pressurize and supply the fuel to an accumulator chamber from which the fuel is injected into cylinders of the engine. The solenoid valve moves a valve member linearly to open and close a fluid path leading to the fuel injection pump. The controller actuates the solenoid valve in one of a first control mode when the engine speed is low and a second control mode when the engine speed is high. In the first control mode, a valve on-duration in which the solenoid valve is turned on to open the fluid path through the valve member and an area of the fluid path opened by the valve member are both controlled. In the second control mode, only the opened area of the fluid path is controlled. This achieves fine adjustment of quantity of fuel discharged from the fuel injection pump over a wide range of engine speeds.
摘要:
In an electromagnetic valve, a composite valve case has a cylindrical hollow and a composite valve body formed in spool shape is slidably housed in the cylindrical hollow. The composite valve body has not only an inherent valve function for changing fluid path area according to its movement in the cylindrical hollow but also an armature function for constituting a magnetic circuit. The composite valve case has not only a cylinder function for allowing the valve body to slidably move but also a stator function for constituting a magnetic circuit. The composite valve body and the composite valve case are made of soft magnetic material and are provided at their surfaces with thin hardened layers formed by surface or heat treatment.
摘要:
In an electromagnetic valve, after a solenoid assembly, in which a housing surrounds an outer circumference of a solenoid composed of a coil and a bobbin and a resin connector is formed on the housing by injection molding, and a valve body assembly, in which a valve body member is slidably housed to move reciprocatingly in a valve case cylindrical hollow of a valve case member, are independently sub assembled, the valve body assembly is integrated with the solenoid assembly in such a manner that the valve case member is axially inserted into a cylindrical hollow of the bobbin and, then, an axial end of the housing is fixed to an outer circumference of the valve case member by crimping. Accordingly, if a malfunction of a component part occurs during manufacturing processes, less number of component parts are rejected as failure.
摘要:
An injector includes a boosting mechanism and a nozzle. The boosting mechanism boosts fuel, and the nozzle injects and supplies the fuel boosted by the boosting mechanism. The boosting mechanism includes a tubular piston and a column piston. The tubular piston has a bore, which extends through the tubular piston in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the tubular piston. The column piston is loosely received by the tubular piston and has an end portion, which projects from the tubular piston, and which is engaged with the tubular piston. The tubular piston is slidably received by a first cylinder. The end portion of the column piston is slidably received by a second cylinder, which is provided generally coaxially to the first cylinder, and which has a diameter different from that of the first cylinder.
摘要:
An injector includes a boosting mechanism and a nozzle. The boosting mechanism boosts fuel, and the nozzle injects and supplies the fuel boosted by the boosting mechanism. The boosting mechanism includes a tubular piston and a column piston. The tubular piston has a bore, which extends through the tubular piston in a direction of a longitudinal axis of the tubular piston. The column piston is loosely received by the tubular piston and has an end portion, which projects from the tubular piston, and which is engaged with the tubular piston. The tubular piston is slidably received by a first cylinder. The end portion of the column piston is slidably received by a second cylinder, which is provided generally coaxially to the first cylinder, and which has a diameter different from that of the first cylinder.
摘要:
An optical modulator and an optical transmission system convert continuous light of a multiple wavelength light source, which generates the continuous light with a fixed and complete phase but different frequencies, to a modulator driving signal so as to generate a light subcarrier with each frequency at the center and modulate the continuous light to the light subcarrier by using the modulator driving signal. In the case where an optical modulation is carried out by an optical IQ-modulator, transmitting data, for example, is converted to two parallel data A(t) and B(t), an I phase signal, in which the data A(t)+B(t) are modulated with a clock signal with a frequency ω, and a Q phase signal, in which the data A(t)−B(t) are modulated with a clock signal with a π/2 phase shifted, are generated, and the I phase signal and the Q phase signal are applied to electrodes of the optical IQ-modulator, respectively.
摘要:
In a fuel injector, a body has formed therein a spray hole and a fuel supply passage. Fuel supplied to the fuel supply passage is delivered to the spray hole. A fuel pressure sensor produces a signal indicative of a pressure of the fuel. First terminals are attached to the fuel pressure sensor, and include a terminal for outputting the signal. The fuel pressure sensor is threadedly installed in the body while the plurality of first terminals are rotated about a preset axis. A connector includes a housing attached to the body, and second terminals supported by the housing for external electric connection of the fuel pressure sensor. Electrodes are each arranged to extend around the preset axis in a circular arc. Each of the electrodes electrically connects a corresponding one of the first terminals to a corresponding one of the second terminals.
摘要:
When a circuit that calculates a frequency offset using a shape of a frequency spectrum is implemented by hardware, the circuit size can be reduced. A frequency offset estimating method for estimating the difference between a carrier frequency of a reception signal and the frequency of an output signal of a local oscillator includes performing a discrete Fourier transform on a reception signal previously sampled at a predetermined sampling frequency and outputting a frequency spectrum with a plurality of frequency components, calculating an average power of the frequency spectrum, calculating a threshold by adding a predetermined value to the average power or power obtained by multiplying the average power by a constant, performing 1-bit quantization on powers of the frequency components of the frequency spectrum based on the threshold, and calculating a centroid frequency by multiplying frequencies of the frequency components by powers of 1-bit quantized frequency components, calculating the sum of multiplied products, and dividing the sum of the products by the sum of the powers of the 1-bit quantized frequency components of the frequency spectrum.
摘要:
An optical transmission system for performing frequency synchronization even with a client signal with low frequency accuracy, and for transmitting thereof by accommodating/multiplexing without causing a bit slip. A new overhead is added to the entire client signal, and the signal including the new overhead being stuffed is transmitted in conjunction with a plurality of stuffing bits as an optical signal wherein a data storing bit for a negative stuffing, a stuffing information notification bit, and a stuff bits inserting bit for a positive stuffing in the payload are defined in plurality as stuffing bits for adjusting clock frequencies of the client signal in this new overhead.
摘要:
A multiplexing transmission system for adding a management overhead to a client signal, and transparently accommodating or multiplexing the client signal to transmit it is provided. The multiplexing transmission system: accommodates a plurality of client signals of different bit rates including a client signal of a bit rate that is not an integral multiple or an integral submultiple of a bit rate of other client signal, and performs rate adjustment for a part or the whole of the plurality of client signals such that the bit rate of each client signal becomes an integral multiple or integral submultiple of the bit rate of other client signal.