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公开(公告)号：US20210234083A1
公开(公告)日：2021-07-29
申请号：US17140548
申请日：2021-01-04
发明人： Sang H. Choi , Adam J. Duzik
摘要： Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments provide for microfabrication of devices, such as semiconductors, thermoelectric devices, etc. Various embodiments may include a method for fabricating a device, such as a semiconductor (e.g., a silicon (Si)-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), etc.), thermoelectric device, etc., using a mask. In some embodiments, the mask may be configured to allow molecules in a deposition plume to pass through one or more holes in the mask. In some embodiments, molecules in a deposition plume may pass around the mask. Various embodiments may provide thermoelectric devices having metallic junctions. Various embodiments may provide thermoelectric devices having metallic junctions rather than junctions formed from semiconductors.
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公开(公告)号：US11037687B2
公开(公告)日：2021-06-15
申请号：US16352409
申请日：2019-03-13
发明人： Sang H. Choi , Ronald J. Litchford
摘要： Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments enable a Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC) to capture gamma ray photons emitted during a fission process, such as a fission process of Uranium-235 (U-235), and to breed and use a new gamma ray source to increase an overall emission flux of gamma ray photons. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, thereby boosting the output flux of gamma ray photons for use by a NTAC in generating power. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, a NTAC generating avalanche cell power, and a thermoelectric generator generating thermoelectric power.
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公开(公告)号：US20180030616A1
公开(公告)日：2018-02-01
申请号：US15661903
申请日：2017-07-27
发明人： Sang H. Choi , Adam J. Duzik
CPC分类号： C30B23/063 , C30B23/025 , C30B25/06 , C30B25/186 , C30B29/20 , C30B29/406 , C30B29/48 , C30B29/52 , H01L21/02381 , H01L21/0242 , H01L21/02433 , H01L21/02532 , H01L21/0254 , H01L21/02546 , H01L21/02562 , H01L21/02609 , H01L21/02658
摘要： Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments may provide a mechanism to enable the growth of a rhombohedral epitaxy at a lower substrate temperature by energizing the atoms in flux, thereby reducing the substrate temperature to a moderate level. In various embodiments, sufficiently energized atoms provide the essential energy needed for the rhombohedral epitaxy process which deforms the original cubic crystalline structure approximately into a rhombohedron by physically aligning the crystal structure of both materials at a lower substrate temperature.
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公开(公告)号：US12122539B2
公开(公告)日：2024-10-22
申请号：US17564911
申请日：2021-12-29
CPC分类号： B64G1/408 , F03H1/0037 , G21D5/02 , G21D7/04
摘要： The present disclosure is directed to a system including a nuclear thermal rocket or a nuclear reactor, at least one nuclear electric thruster coupled to the nuclear thermal rocket or the nuclear reactor, and a Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC) configured to generate electrical power. The NTAC cell may be positioned around a nuclear reactor core of the nuclear thermal rocket or the nuclear reactor, and the nuclear electric thruster may be powered by the NTAC generated electrical power.
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公开(公告)号：US11980100B2
公开(公告)日：2024-05-07
申请号：US17374091
申请日：2021-07-13
发明人： Sang H. Choi , Hyun Jung Kim , Adam J. Duzik , Cheol Park
IPC分类号： H10N10/854 , H10N10/01 , H10N10/17
CPC分类号： H10N10/854 , H10N10/01 , H10N10/17
摘要： A metal junction thermoelectric device includes at least one thermoelectric element. The thermoelectric element has first and second opposite sides, and a first conductor made from a first metal, and a second conductor made from a second metal. The first and second conductors are electrically interconnected in series, and the first and second conductors are arranged to conduct heat in parallel between the first and second sides. The first metal has a first occupancy state, and the second metal has a second occupancy state that is lower than the first occupancy state. A temperature difference between the first and second sides of the thermoelectric element causes a charge potential due to the difference in occupancy states of the first and second metals. The charge potential generates electrical power.
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公开(公告)号：US20220084708A1
公开(公告)日：2022-03-17
申请号：US17404465
申请日：2021-08-17
发明人： Sang H. Choi , Adam J. Duzik
摘要： A thermionic (TI) power cell includes a heat source, such as a layer of radioactive material that generates heat due to radioactive decay, a layer of electron emitting material disposed on the layer of radioactive material, and a layer of electron collecting material. The layer of electron emitting material is physically separated from the layer of electron collecting material to define a chamber between the layer of electron collecting material and the layer of electron emitting material. The chamber is substantially evacuated to permit electrons to traverse the chamber from the layer of electron emitting material to the layer of electron collecting material. Heat generated over time by the layer of radioactive material causes a substantially constant flow of electrons to be emitted by the layer of electron emitting material to induce an electric current to flow through the layer of electron collecting material when connected to an electrical load.
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公开(公告)号：US20190392961A1
公开(公告)日：2019-12-26
申请号：US16426345
申请日：2019-05-30
摘要： The present disclosure is directed to a nuclear thermionic avalanche cell (NTAC) systems and related methods of generating energy comprising a radioisotope core, a plurality of thin-layered radioisotope sources configured to emit high energy beta particles and high energy photons, and a plurality of NTAC layers integrated with the radioisotope core and the radioisotope sources, wherein the plurality of NTAC layers are configured to receive the beta particles and the photons from the radioisotope core and sources, and by the received beta particles and photons, free up electrons in an avalanche process from deep and intra bands of an atom to output a high density avalanche cell thermal energy through a photo-ionic or thermionic process of the freed up electrons.
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公开(公告)号：US20190287687A1
公开(公告)日：2019-09-19
申请号：US16352409
申请日：2019-03-13
发明人： Sang H. Choi , Ronald J. Litchford
摘要： Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments enable a Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC) to capture gamma ray photons emitted during a fission process, such as a fission process of Uranium-235 (U-235), and to breed and use a new gamma ray source to increase an overall emission flux of gamma ray photons. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, thereby boosting the output flux of gamma ray photons for use by a NTAC in generating power. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, a NTAC generating avalanche cell power, and a thermoelectric generator generating thermoelectric power.
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公开(公告)号：US11979100B2
公开(公告)日：2024-05-07
申请号：US18195156
申请日：2023-05-09
发明人： Sang H. Choi , Dennis M. Bushnell , Adam J. Duzik
摘要： Various aspects include electric generators configured to boost electrical output by leveraging electron avalanche generated by a high energy photon radiation source. In various aspects, an electric generator includes a stator and a rotor positioned within the stator, wherein the stator and rotor are configured to generate electric current when the rotor is rotated, and a high energy photon source (e.g., a gamma ray source) positioned and configured to irradiate at least a portion of conductors in the rotor or stator. In some aspects, the stator generates a magnetic field when the electric generator is operating, and the rotor includes armature windings configured to generate electric current when the rotor is rotated. In some aspects, the high energy photon source includes cobalt-60 and/or cesium-137.
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公开(公告)号：US11721451B2
公开(公告)日：2023-08-08
申请号：US17404465
申请日：2021-08-17
发明人： Sang H. Choi , Adam J. Duzik
CPC分类号： G21H1/00 , H02N11/002
摘要： A thermionic (TI) power cell includes a heat source, such as a layer of radioactive material that generates heat due to radioactive decay, a layer of electron emitting material disposed on the layer of radioactive material, and a layer of electron collecting material. The layer of electron emitting material is physically separated from the layer of electron collecting material to define a chamber between the layer of electron collecting material and the layer of electron emitting material. The chamber is substantially evacuated to permit electrons to traverse the chamber from the layer of electron emitting material to the layer of electron collecting material. Heat generated over time by the layer of radioactive material causes a substantially constant flow of electrons to be emitted by the layer of electron emitting material to induce an electric current to flow through the layer of electron collecting material when connected to an electrical load.
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