摘要:
Nickelized shaped articles are produced by electrodeposition of nickel from aqueous acidic baths containing as essential constituents one or more nickel salts, one or more inorganic acids and at least two brighteners by using as brighteners a mixture ofA) from 2 to 98% by weight of one or more cyclic N-allylammonium or N-vinylammonium compounds I ##STR1## where the nitrogen atom is part of a pyridine, quinoline or isoquinoline ring system which may additionally carry one or two C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl substituents or halogen atoms,R.sup.1, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or methyl,m is from 0 to 4,n is from 1 to 4, andX.sup..crclbar. is an n-valent inorganic or organic anion which promotes solubility in water, andB) from 98 to 2% by weight of one or more acetylenically unsaturated compounds IIR.sup.4 --C.tbd.C--R.sup.5 (II) where R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and each is C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl substituted by hydroxyl, sulfo, amino, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkylamino or di(C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino, although hydroxyl groups may have been reacted with from 1 to 10 mol of a C.sub.2 - to C.sub.4 -alkylene oxide or a mixture of such alkylene oxides and one of the radicals R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 may also be hydrogen or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl.
摘要:
Nickel-plated shaped parts are produced by galvanic precipitation of nickel from aqueous-acid baths which contain as essential constituents one or several nickel salts, one or several inorganic acids and one or several brighteners. As brighteners are used thiourea salts having general formula (I), in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 stand for hydrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.18 -alkyl, which may be substituted by carboxyl groups, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl groups or cyano groups, C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 -alkinyl, C.sub.5 to C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 to C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl or phenyl, which may be substituted by one or two C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkyl residues, C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkoxy residues, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenyl groups, phenyl residues or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl groups; Y sands for a chemical bond or for linear or branched alkylene, alkenylene or alkinylene having each up to 20 C. atoms; A stands for hydrogen or a group having the formulae: --CO--H, --CO--R.sup.5, --CO--OH, --CO--OR.sup.5, --CO--NR.sup.6 R.sup.7, --CO--CH.sub.2 --CO--OR.sup.5, --O--CO--H, --O--CO--R.sup.5, --NR.sup.6 --CO--R.sup.5, --NR.sup.6 --CO--R.sup.5, --OR.sup.5, --SO.sub.2 --R.sup.5, --SO.sub.2 --OH, --SO.sub.2 --OR.sup.5, --PO(PH).sub.2, --PO(OH)(OR.sup.5), --PO(OR.sup.5).sub.2, OPO(OH).sub.2, --OPO(PH)(PR.sup.5) or --OPO(OR.sup.5).sub.2 in which R.sup.5 stands for C.sub.1 to C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 to C.sub.12 -alkinyl, C.sub.5 to C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 to C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl or phenyl, which may be substituted by one or two C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkyl residues, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenyl residues or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl groups; and R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 stand for hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 -alkyl; n is a number from 1 to 4 and X.sub.(--) stands for s water solubility-promoting, n-valent inorganic or organic anion.
摘要:
Nickelized shaped articles are produced by electrodeposition of nickel from aqueous acidic baths containing as essential constituents one or more nickel salts, one or more inorganic acids and one or more brighteners by a procedure in which the brighteners used are phosphonium salts I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 are each C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, which may be carboxyl-, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl- or cyano-substituted, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkynyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl, phenyl, which may be substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, phenyl and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl, or mono- or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl)amino,R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,A is hydrogen or a group of the formula --CO--H, --CO--R.sup.6, --CO--OH, --CO--OR.sup.6, --CO--CH.sub.2 --CO--OR.sup.6, --O--CO--H, --O--CO--R.sup.6, --OR.sup.6, --SO.sub.2 --R.sup.6, --SO.sub.2 --OH, --SO.sub.2 --OR.sup.6, --PO(OH).sub.2, --PO(OH)(OR.sup.6), --PO(OR.sup.6).sub.2, --OPO(OH).sub.2, --OPO(OH)(OR.sup.6) or --OPO(OR.sup.6).sub.2, whereR.sup.6 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 -alkynyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl or phenyl, which may be substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy, halogen, hydroxyl, phenyl and C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl,Y is --CH.dbd.CH-- or --C.dbd.C--,m is from 0 to 10,n is from 1 to 4,p is 0 or 1,q is from 0 to 10, andX.sup..crclbar. is an n-valent inorganic or organic anion that promotes solubility in water.
摘要:
Nickelized shaped articles are produced by electrodeposition of nickel from aqueous acidic baths containing as essential constituents one or more nickel salts, one or more inorganic acids and one or more brighteners, the brighteners used being cyclic ammonium compounds I ##STR1## where the nitrogen atom is part of a pyridine, quinoline or isoquinoline ring system which can additionally carry one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl substituents,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,A is a group of the formula --CO--O--R.sup.3, --CO--CH.sub.2 --CO--O--R.sup.3, --O--CO--R.sup.3 or --O--R.sup.3,whereR.sup.3 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 -phenylalkyl or phenyl which can be substituted by one or two C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl radicals, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy radicals, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenyl radicals or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl groups, m is from 0 to 10, n is from 1 to 4, p is 0 or 1, and X.sup..crclbar. is an n-valent inorganic or organic anion which promotes water solubility,with the proviso that for p=0 and A=--CO--O--C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl m must not be 1, 2 or 3 and under the same conditions R.sup.1 must not be hydrogen when m is 0.
摘要:
The production of shining shaped articles coated with zinc or a zinc alloy by electrodeposition of zinc or a zinc alloy from acidic aqueous electrolytic baths which contain as essential components one or more zinc salts and, where appropriate, salts of the other alloy metals, one or more conducting salts, one or more surfactants and one or more brighteners, entails employing as brighteners compounds of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkoxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, amino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkylamino or di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkylamino,R.sup.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or the meanings of R.sup.1, andAr is phenyl or naphthyl which can additionally be substituted by one to three C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl groups or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy groups.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of N-allyl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which ##STR2## denotes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 independently denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or methyl,n is equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, andX denotes a water-solubilizing anion,wherein a compound of formula II ##STR3## is caused to react, in aqueous medium, with a compound of formula III ##STR4## in which A denotes a radical which can be eliminated as an anion. The compounds produced by the process of the invention are very well suited for use as brighteners in nickel electroplating.
摘要:
In a process for preparing an alkoxylated amide of the formula (I)R.sup.1 --CO--NR.sup.2 --CHR.sup.3 --CHR.sup.4 --O--(CHR.sup.5 --CHR.sup.6 --O).sub.n --H (I)(1) glycerides of the fatty acids, specified later on, of the formula (II):R.sup.1 --COOH (II)are reached with amines of the formula (III)HNR.sup.2 R.sup.7 (III)to give amides of the formula (IV)R.sup.1 --CO--NR.sup.2 --R.sup.7 (IV)and glycerol,(2) then the glycerol which has been formed is separated off by adding of aqueous acid solution to the reaction mixture until it has a pH in the range 1-7, in order to bring about phase separation into a glycerol-containing aqueous phase and an organic phase containing amides of the formula (IV), and separating off the aqueous phase, and(3) subsequently the amide of the formula (IV) is reacted with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide to give alkoxylated amides of the formula (I).
摘要:
Alkoxylation products are prepared by reacting compounds having active hydrogen atoms with C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkylene oxides in the presence of a mixed hydroxide built up of polycations and modified with additives and having the general formula I or II �M(II).sub.1-x M(III).sub.x (OH).sub.2 !A.sub.x/n .multidot.m L(I) �LiAl.sub.2 (OH).sub.6 !A.sub.1/n .multidot.m L (II) where M(II) is at least one divalent metal ion, M(III) is at least one trivalent metal ion, A is at least one inorganic anion and L is an organic solvent or water, n is the valence of the inorganic anion A or in the case of a plurality of anions A is their mean valence and x can assume a value of from 0.1 to 0.5 and m can assume a value of from 0 to 10, as alkoxylation catalyst, wherein the mixed hydroxide contains additives.
摘要:
A process for the preparation of N-allyl compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which ##STR2## denotes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound, R.sup.1, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 independently denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl,R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen or methyl,n is equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, andX denotes a water-solubilizing anion,wherein a compound of formula II ##STR3## is caused to react, in aqueous medium, with a compound of formula III ##STR4## in which A denotes a radical which can be eliminated as an anion. The compounds produced by the process of the invention are very well suited for use as brighteners in nickel electroplating.
摘要:
Electrostatic toners contain a polymeric binder and, as a charge stabilizer, a compound of the formula ##STR1## where the ring A may be benzofused andHet.sym. is the positively charged radical of a heterocycle,L is C.sub. -C.sub.8 -alkylene,R is hydrogen, unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.6 -alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted hydroxyl or unsubstituted or substituted amino andAn.crclbar. is one equivalent of an anion.