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    Enzyme immobilization on mineral particles coated with chitosan
    5.
    发明授权
    Enzyme immobilization on mineral particles coated with chitosan 失效
    酶固定在用壳聚糖包被的矿物颗粒上

    公开(公告)号：US4918016A

    公开(公告)日：1990-04-17

    申请号：US436423

    申请日：1982-10-25

    申请人： Jean-Louis Leuba ,  Albert Renken ,  Erwin Flaschel

    发明人： Jean-Louis Leuba ,  Albert Renken ,  Erwin Flaschel

    IPC分类号： A23C9/12 ,  C12N11/10 ,  C12N11/14

    CPC分类号： C12N11/10 ,  A23C9/1206 ,  C12N11/14 ,  A23C2220/104

    摘要： Enzymatic catalysts are produced from mineral particles coated with chitosan. The enzymes may be directly absorbed onto the surface after a cross-linking treatment to stablize the coating or immobilized by chemical bonds after a treatment with a bifunctional reagent, for example with glutaraldehyde. The stability of the biocatalyst is advantageously increased by retreatment with a bifunctional reagent after immobilization of the enzyme. Enzymes sensitive to glutaraldehyde are fixed by a carbodiimide. The catalysts thus prepared are insoluble in aqueous solutions. The particles are rigid and incompressible and are suitable for use in fixed-bed and fluidized-bed reactors. The immobilization yield may reach 90% depending on the circumstances.

    摘要翻译： 酶催化剂由涂覆有壳聚糖的矿物颗粒制成。 在用双功能试剂（例如用戊二醛处理）之后，可以在交联处理之后将酶直接吸收到表面上以使涂层稳定或通过化学键固定。 生物催化剂的稳定性有利地通过在固定酶之后用双功能试剂再处理而增加。 对戊二醛敏感的酶由碳二亚胺固定。 如此制备的催化剂不溶于水溶液。 颗粒是刚性的和不可压缩的并且适用于固定床和流化床反应器。 根据情况，固定产量可达到90％。

    Process for the manufacture of acetic acid ethyl ester
    6.
    发明授权
    Process for the manufacture of acetic acid ethyl ester 失效
    乙酸乙酯的制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US4128727A

    公开(公告)日：1978-12-05

    申请号：US859534

    申请日：1977-12-12

    申请人： Ernst I. Leupold ,  Hans-Jurgen Arpe ,  Albert Renken ,  Ernst-Gunther Schlosser

    发明人： Ernst I. Leupold ,  Hans-Jurgen Arpe ,  Albert Renken ,  Ernst-Gunther Schlosser

    IPC分类号： C07C67/05

    CPC分类号： C07C67/04

    摘要： Acetic acid ethyl ester is prepared by passing ethylene over a fixed-bed catalyst composed of silicon dioxide, which has a surface from 50 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and which is impregnated with H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, diethylsulfate or ethylsulfuric acid or mixtures of these compounds, with periodically alternating quantities of acetic acid, at a temperature from 130.degree. to 170.degree. C, the acid concentration, calculated on ethylene, varying constantly over a range from 0.01 to 40% by mole.

    摘要翻译： 通过使乙烯通过由二氧化硅组成的固定床催化剂制备乙酸乙酯，二氧化硅的表面为50至200m 2 / g，并用H 2 SO 4，硫酸二乙酯或乙基硫酸或这些化合物的混合物浸渍，并定期 交替量的乙酸在130-170℃的温度下，以乙烯计算的酸浓度在0.01至40摩尔％的范围内不断变化。