摘要:
The invention relates to sodium silicates with a modulus (molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O) of 1.3 to 4 in the form of a fine-particle solid in shard-like form or compounds containing these silicates with the ability to reduce incrustation when used as a builder component in detergents. These useful materials are distinguished in particular by the fact that they are in the form of an X-ray amorphous overdried material (primary drying product) with water contents below 15% by weight and apparent densities of the non-compacted solid granules of 500 g/l or lower which has been produced by drying of a water-containing sodium silicate preparation using a hot gas phase as the drying medium and/or by heating of a spray-dried sodium silicate with water contents of at least 15% by weight at temperatures of 120.degree.to 450.degree. C., if necessary accompanied or followed by the application of forces to produce the shard-like structure. The invention also relates to multicomponent mixtures from the field of solid detergents or multicomponent compounds suitable for this field of application which are characterized by the presence of the sodium silicates defined above.
摘要:
A process for producing silicate or silicate-containing builder granules having an apparent density of at least 600 g/l by compacting silicate materials having an apparent density of less than 500 g/l, a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of 1.3 to 4, and a water content of up to 15% by weight, wherein the silicate materials are X-ray amorphous and are present in the form of a fine particle solid having a flake structure.
摘要:
In the production of granules containing anionic surfactants and having a bulk density above 450 g/l by granulation of a surfactant preparation containing a non-surface-active liquid component, the water demand and hence the energy demand for evaporating the water can be reduced if the anionic surfactant in its acid form or a mixture containing one or more anionic surfactants in their acid form and an aqueous alkaline solution are separately treated with a gaseous medium, subsequently sprayed in substantially stoichiometric quantities into the granulation and drying zone either separately or together under a high propellant gas pressure and then granulated and, at the same time, dried, optionally with addition of one or more inorganic or organic solids.
摘要:
A process for the production of washing- and cleaning-active surfactant granules containing 60 to 70% by weight of surfactant and having an apparent density above 500 g/l, wherein a formulation containing a non-surface-active liquid component and having a liquid to paste-like form under normal pressure at temperatures of 20.degree. to 40.degree. C. is introduced to a fluidized bed and granulated and, at the same time, totally or partially freed from the non-surface-active liquid compound, optionally with addition of an inorganic or organic solid, and wherein the granules are discharged from the fluidized bed via a grading step by a countercurrent air-stream which is adjusted so that only particles above a predetermined size are removed from the granules.
摘要:
A process for producing detergent tablets containing more than 10% by weight of anionic surfactant wherein the detergent tablets contain detergent components which are at least partly in hydrated form and the anionic surfactant is present in the form of one or more compounds containing up to 95% by weight of surfactants, by exposing a mixture of the detergent components and the anionic surfactant to microwaves in the frequency range from 3 to 300,000 MHz.
摘要:
A process for producing granules having reduced tackiness by forming granules in a fluidized bed apparatus and then adding a granule stabilizer to the discharge air stream of the apparatus after the granules have emerged from the apparatus.
摘要:
The process of preparing granules of sodium perborate monohydrate having an increased density by dry-compacting a mixture of sodium perborate monohydrate and from about 0.2 to about 30% by weight of a compacting aid, based on the weight of the mixture. The compacting aid is selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt, alkaline earth metal salt, carbohydrate, anionic surfactant, and nonionic surfactant. After forming a compactate of the mixture, the compactate is size-reduced to obtain granules having the desired particle size.
摘要:
An apparatus for producing and coiling films of insulating material coated under a vacuum with electrically conductive material, comprising an electron beam vaporizer, a feed drum, a roller disposed above the electron beam vaporizer and looped by the film, a take-up drum, and deflector rolls for establishing a path for the film, at least one plasma source oriented towards the path of the film so that the plasma touches the film, said plasma source being disposed in the region of the path of the film from the electron beam vaporizer to the take-up drum, wherein the plasma source is disposed at the end of the angle of contact specified by one of the deflector rolls.
摘要:
A method and apparatus are disclosed for producing rolls or coils of film of insulating material which has been conductively coated, in a vacuum, by vaporizing conductive material in direct electron beam bombardment and condensing the vapor on the film surface. According to the invention, the film is subjected to a plasma treatment after coating and before the film is wound in a coil.
摘要:
A magnetic deflection system for a high-power electron beam with an expanding cross-section area is used for melting or vaporizing metallic materials. Saddle coils are provided which open in a direction of expansion of the electron beam. With the aid of these saddle coils large deflection speeds of the electron beam are obtained with small imaging errors and large deflection angles.