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公开(公告)号：US20080032182A1
公开(公告)日：2008-02-07
申请号：US11873259
申请日：2007-10-16
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , Frank Kovacs , Kevin Shufon , Shimshon Gottesfeld
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , Frank Kovacs , Kevin Shufon , Shimshon Gottesfeld
IPC分类号： H01M4/86
CPC分类号： H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04171 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/2475 , Y02E60/523
摘要： Passive water management techniques are provided in an air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell system. A highly hydrophobic component with sub-micrometer wide pores is laminated to the catalyzed membrane electrolyte on the cathode side. This component blocks liquid water from traveling out of the cathode and instead causes the water to be driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte to the cell anode. The air-breathing direct oxidation fuel cell also includes a layer of cathode backing and additional cathode filter components on an exterior aspect of the cell cathode which lessen the water vapor escape rate from the cell cathode. The combination of the well laminated hydrophobic microporous layer, the thicker backing and the added filter layer, together defines a cathode structure of unique water management capacity, that enables to operate a DMFC with direct, controlled rate supply of neat (100%) methanol, without the need for any external supply or pumping of water. The cell anode is provided with a hydrophilic backing layer. When the water is driven through the polymer membrane electrolyte from the cell cathode to the cell anode chamber, it is available for the anodic reaction, and any excess water is carried out along CO2 ventilation channels to the outside environment.
摘要翻译： 被动水管理技术在空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池系统中提供。 将具有亚微米宽孔的高疏水性组分层压到阴极侧的催化膜电解质上。 该组分阻止液体水从阴极流出，而是使水通过聚合物膜电解质驱动到电池阳极。 空气呼吸直接氧化燃料电池还包括在电池阴极的外部方面的阴极背衬和附加的阴极过滤器部件的层，其降低了来自电池阴极的水蒸气逸出速率。 良好层压的疏水微孔层，较厚的背衬和增加的过滤层的组合共同限定了独特的水管理能力的阴极结构，能够以直（100％）的甲醇直接控制速率供应来操作DMFC， 而不需要任何外部供应或抽水。 电池阳极设置有亲水背衬层。 当水通过聚合物膜电解质从电池阴极驱动到电池阳极室时，可用于阳极反应，并且任何多余的水都沿着CO 2通气通道进入外部 环境。
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公开(公告)号：US20050170224A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-04
申请号：US11023666
申请日：2004-12-28
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan Becerra , Robert Hirsch , Shimshon Gottesfeld , Frank Kovacs , Kevin Shufon
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan Becerra , Robert Hirsch , Shimshon Gottesfeld , Frank Kovacs , Kevin Shufon
CPC分类号： H01M8/2455 , H01M8/04171 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/2475 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A fuel cell system having a methanol vapor delivery component or film is provided. The component includes an evaporation pad. The evaporation pad is disposed within the fuel cell generally parallel to the anode diffusion layer, but with a vapor gap provided between the evaporation pad and the anode diffusion layer. A fuel delivery conduit having at least one injection port is provided through which liquid fuel is delivered from an associated source of highly concentrated fuel into the evaporation pad, at a controlled, adjustable rate. Multiple parallel liquid delivery points can also be provided. In order to ensure uniform delivery of fuel across the across the active area of the anode, one or more dispersion members are placed on the evaporation pad to effectively disperse the fuel laterally around each injection port.
摘要翻译： 提供了具有甲醇蒸汽输送组分或膜的燃料电池系统。 该组件包括蒸发垫。 蒸发垫设置在大致平行于阳极扩散层的燃料电池内，但是在蒸发垫和阳极扩散层之间设置有蒸汽间隙。 提供具有至少一个注入口的燃料输送管道，液体燃料以受控的可调节速率从相关的高浓度燃料源输送到蒸发垫中。 还可以提供多个平行的液体输送点。 为了确保燃料在阳极的有效区域的均匀输送，一个或多个分散构件被放置在蒸发垫上，以有效地将燃料横向分散在每个注入口周围。
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公开(公告)号：US20050227140A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-13
申请号：US11026728
申请日：2005-04-13
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009 , Y02E60/523 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.
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公开(公告)号：US20050081433A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-21
申请号：US10688711
申请日：2003-10-17
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , Kevin Shufon , Frank Kovacs
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , Kevin Shufon , Frank Kovacs
CPC分类号： C10L1/003 , C10L1/02 , C10L1/10 , C10L1/1216 , C10L1/1275 , C10L1/1852 , C10L1/28 , C10L1/301 , C10L1/303 , F17C11/005
摘要： Fuel mixtures for direct methanol fuel cells are disclosed. The fuels include methanol and additives that react with water to produce methanol and other easily electro-oxidizable compounds including dimethyloxymethane, methylorthoformate, tetramethylorthocarbonate, trimethylborate, and tetramethylorthosilicate. Other additives to improve safety and efficiency of the fuel cell include sulfonated activated carbon particles and metal hydrides, such as LiAlH4, NaBH4, LiBH4, (CH3)2 NHBH3, NaAlH4, B2H6, NaCNBH3, CaH2, LiH, NaH, KH or sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) dihydridaluminate.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于直接甲醇燃料电池的燃料混合物。 燃料包括与水反应以产生甲醇的甲醇和添加剂，以及其它易于电氧化的化合物，包括二甲氧基甲烷，原甲酸甲酯，原碳酸四甲酯，硼酸三甲酯和原硅酸四甲酯。 提高燃料电池的安全性和效率的其它添加剂包括磺化活性炭颗粒和金属氢化物，例如LiAlH 4，NaBH 4，LiBH 4，/ >，（CH 3 3）2 NHBH 3，NaAlH 4，B 2， H 6，NaCNBH 3，CaH 2，LiH，NaH，KH或双（2-甲氧基乙氧基）二氢铝酸钠。
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公开(公告)号：US07179501B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-20
申请号：US11026728
申请日：2005-04-13
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009 , Y02E60/523 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.
摘要翻译： 描述了提供可以向直接氧化燃料电池供应或从直接氧化燃料电池移除液体反应物或副产物的优选路径的燃料电池扩散层。 改性扩散层通常在燃料电池的阴极侧，其用途是消除或最小化阴极扩散层面积的泛化，这是直接甲醇燃料电池中的性能限制条件。 根据本发明的一个实施例，扩散层包括涂覆有微孔层的基底。 图案可以被压印到扩散层中，以产生优选的流动路径，水将通过该路径移动，从而从阴极催化剂区域移除。 这样可以避免阴极淹没，并避免潜在的破坏性压力由可能的阴极水积聚造成。 这也提供了用于收集用于重定向的阴极水的方法。根据本发明的另一方面，优选路径是通过对碳布或碳纸施加较厚的微孔层并以这样的方式干燥来建立的： ，微孔层的表面裂纹提供通路。
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公开(公告)号：US06356433B1
公开(公告)日：2002-03-12
申请号：US09653621
申请日：2000-08-31
IPC分类号： H01G900
CPC分类号： H01G11/48 , H01G11/80 , Y02E60/13 , Y02T10/7022
摘要： A sealed ultracapacitor assembly is formed with first and second electrodes of first and second conducting polymers electrodeposited on porous carbon paper substrates, where the first and second electrodes each define first and second exterior surfaces and first and second opposing surfaces. First and second current collector plates are bonded to the first and second exterior surfaces, respectively. A porous membrane separates the first and second opposing surfaces, with a liquid electrolyte impregnating the insulating membrane. A gasket formed of a thermoplastic material surrounds the first and second electrodes and seals between the first and second current collector plates for containing the liquid electrolyte.
摘要翻译： 密封的超级电容器组件形成有电沉积在多孔碳纸基底上的第一和第二导电聚合物的第一和第二电极，其中第一和第二电极各自限定第一和第二外表面以及第一和第二相对表面。 第一和第二集电板分别结合到第一和第二外表面。 多孔膜用浸渍绝缘膜的液体电解质分离第一和第二相对表面。 由热塑性材料形成的垫圈包围第一和第二电极，并在第一和第二集电板之间密封以容纳液体电解质。
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7.发明授权Direct oxidation fuel cell operating with direct feed of concentrated fuel under passive water management 有权直接氧化燃料电池在被动水管理下直接进料浓缩燃料公开(公告)号：US07407721B2
公开(公告)日：2008-08-05
申请号：US10413983
申请日：2003-04-15
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan J. Becerra , Robert S. Hirsch , Shimshon Gottesfeld , Frank W. Kovacs , Kevin J. Shufon
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , Juan J. Becerra , Robert S. Hirsch , Shimshon Gottesfeld , Frank W. Kovacs , Kevin J. Shufon
CPC分类号： H01M8/04171 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/2475 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A passive direct oxidation fuel cell system, which uses a high concentration fuel such as neat methanol as a direct feed to an anode aspect of the fuel cell, is provided. The fuel cell includes a passive water management capability, achieved by the combined functions of controlled fuel dosing, effective push back of liquid water from the cathode through the membrane electrolyte by a hydrophobic microporous layer well bonded to the cathode catalyst and the use of a thin ionomeric membrane. The rate of fuel delivery is controlled by a passive fuel transport barrier. Carbon dioxide management techniques are also provided.
摘要翻译： 提供了使用高浓度燃料如纯甲醇作为燃料电池的阳极方面的直接进料的被动直接氧化燃料电池系统。 燃料电池包括无源水管理能力，通过控制燃料计量的组合功能实现，液体水从阴极通过膜电解质有效推回通过与阴极催化剂良好接合的疏水微孔层，以及使用薄的 离聚物膜。 燃料输送速率由被动燃料输送屏障控制。 还提供二氧化碳管理技术。
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公开(公告)号：US20060068271A1
公开(公告)日：2006-03-30
申请号：US11269108
申请日：2005-11-08
申请人： Xiaoming Ren , John Becerra , Gerhard Beckmann , Eric Brown , Michael DeFilippis , Jay Neutzler , Shimshon Gottesfeld
发明人： Xiaoming Ren , John Becerra , Gerhard Beckmann , Eric Brown , Michael DeFilippis , Jay Neutzler , Shimshon Gottesfeld
CPC分类号： H01M8/0668 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/023 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/248 , Y02E60/523
摘要： A simplified direct oxidation fuel cell system is disclosed. The fuel cell is constructed in such a manner that fuel is added to the cell anode as it is consumed and water is evaporated off at cell cathode so that there is no need for recirculation of unreacted fuel at the cell anode or water at the cell cathode. In addition, carbon dioxide generated from the anodic reaction is passively vented out of the system by using a CO2 gas permeable membrane material integrated as part of the anode chamber construction. It is thus possible that, the CO2 separation from the anode fluid occurs without the recirculation of the anode fluid outside the anode chamber. In one embodiment, the simplified direct oxidation fuel cell includes a gas permeable, liquid impermeable membrane placed in close proximity to the anode to perform the carbon dioxide separation. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, a fuel container and delivery assembly is provided, which includes separate conduits from separate containers for methanol and water and a leak-proof interface. This allows for mixing of water into the methanol solution, to allow for improved ability to adjust the concentration of methanol and water in the system. The fuel container and delivery assembly operates using simple mechanical flow and simplified geometry. This design minimizes loss of methanol and water via carryover and crossover by limiting introduction of those fluids. The passive system in which fuel is added as it is consumed and CO2 separated, both without pumping, ultimately will increase net power provided to the load due to low parasitic losses.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种简化的直接氧化燃料电池系统。 燃料电池被构造成使得燃料在其被消耗时被添加到电池阳极中，并且水在电池阴极处被蒸发，使得不需要再循环在电解池阳极处的未反应燃料或在电池阴极处的水 。 此外，通过使用集成为阳极室结构的一部分的CO 2气体可渗透膜材料，从阳极反应产生的二氧化碳被动地排出系统。 因此，在阳极室外部阳极流体再循环的情况下，可能发生与阳极流体的二氧化碳分离。 在一个实施例中，简化的直接氧化燃料电池包括放置在靠近阳极的气体可渗透的不透液膜，以进行二氧化碳分离。 根据本发明的另一方面，提供了一种燃料容器和输送组件，其包括用于甲醇和水的单独容器和防漏接口的单独导管。 这允许将水混合到甲醇溶液中，以提高调节系统中甲醇和水的浓度的能力。 燃料容器和输送组件使用简单的机械流动和简化的几何形状进行操作。 这种设计通过限制这些流体的引入，最大限度地减少甲醇和水的流失和交叉。 其中燃料添加的被动系统消耗和二氧化碳分离，无需泵送，最终将增加由于低的寄生损耗而提供给负载的净功率。
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公开(公告)号：US06962760B2
公开(公告)日：2005-11-08
申请号：US10460452
申请日：2003-06-12
申请人： Cynthia Rice , Xiaoming Ren , Shimshon Gottesfeld
发明人： Cynthia Rice , Xiaoming Ren , Shimshon Gottesfeld
CPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M4/921 , H01M8/04186 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/1011 , H01M8/2483 , Y02E60/523
摘要： Methods for conditioning the membrane electrode assembly of a direct methanol fuel cell (“DMFC”) are disclosed. In a first method, an electrical current of polarity opposite to that used in a functioning direct methanol fuel cell is passed through the anode surface of the membrane electrode assembly. In a second method, methanol is supplied to an anode surface of the membrane electrode assembly, allowed to cross over the polymer electrolyte membrane of the membrane electrode assembly to a cathode surface of the membrane electrode assembly, and an electrical current of polarity opposite to that in a functioning direct methanol fuel cell is drawn through the membrane electrode assembly, wherein methanol is oxidized at the cathode surface of the membrane electrode assembly while the catalyst on the anode surface is reduced. Surface oxides on the direct methanol fuel cell anode catalyst of the membrane electrode assembly are thereby reduced.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于调节直接甲醇燃料电池（“DMFC”）的膜电极组件的方法。 在第一种方法中，与功能直接甲醇燃料电池中使用的极性相反的电流通过膜电极组件的阳极表面。 在第二种方法中，将甲醇供应到膜电极组件的阳极表面，允许将膜电极组件的聚合物电解质膜交叉到膜电极组件的阴极表面，并且与极性相反的电流 在功能化的直接甲醇燃料电池中通过膜电极组件被吸入，其中在阳极表面上的催化剂减少时，甲醇在膜电极组件的阴极表面被氧化。 因此，膜电极组件的直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂上的表面氧化物减少。
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公开(公告)号：US06890680B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-10
申请号：US10078728
申请日：2002-02-19
CPC分类号： H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009 , Y02E60/523 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell diffusion layer providing a preferential path by which liquid reactants or byproducts may be supplied to or removed from a direct oxidation fuel cell is described. The modified diffusion layer will be typically on the cathode side of the fuel cell and its use is to eliminate or minimize flooding of the cathode diffusion layer area, which is a performance limiting condition in direct methanol fuel cells. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, the diffusion layer includes a substrate that is coated with a microporous layer. A pattern may be embossed into the diffusion layer, to create preferential flow paths by which water will travel and thereby be removed from the cathode catalyst area. This avoids cathode flooding and avoids build up of potentially destructive pressure by possible cathodic water accumulation. This also provides a means for collecting cathode water for redirection In accordance with another aspect of the invention, the preferential path is established by applying a thicker microporous layer to the carbon cloth or carbon paper and drying it in such a fashion so that when it dries, the surface of the microporous layer cracks to provide the pathways.
摘要翻译： 描述了提供可以向直接氧化燃料电池供应或从直接氧化燃料电池移除液体反应物或副产物的优选路径的燃料电池扩散层。 改性扩散层通常在燃料电池的阴极侧，其用途是消除或最小化阴极扩散层面积的泛化，这是直接甲醇燃料电池中的性能限制条件。 根据本发明的一个实施例，扩散层包括涂覆有微孔层的基底。 图案可以被压印到扩散层中，以产生优选的流动路径，水将通过该路径移动，从而从阴极催化剂区域移除。 这样可以避免阴极淹没，并避免潜在的破坏性压力由可能的阴极水积聚造成。 这也提供了一种用于收集用于重定向的阴极水的方法。根据本发明的另一方面，优选路径是通过将较厚的微孔层施加到碳布或碳纸上并以这样的方式干燥来建立的： ，微孔层的表面裂纹提供通路。
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