摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine calculates an air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter by proportional-integral control using a proportional factor and an integral factor, based an output signal from a second air-fuel ratio sensor arranged in an exhaust passage at a location upstream of a catalytic converter. An air-fuel ratio correction amount is calculated based on the air-fuel ratio feedback control parameter and an output signal from a first air-fuel ratio sensor arranged in the exhaust passage at a location upstream of the catalytic converter. An inversion period of the output signal from the second air-fuel ratio sensor is measured, and the proportional factor is changed according to the inversion period measured.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust system, and an air-fuel ratio sensor arranged upstream of the catalytic converter calculates an air-fuel ratio correction amount by means of proportional control and integral control based on an output from the air-fuel ratio sensor, and controls an air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine, based on the air-fuel ratio correction amount. A control frequency at which the air-fuel ratio control is carried out is increased when deterioration of the catalytic converter is detected.
摘要:
An oxygen sensor deterioration-detecting system for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of groups of cylinders groups, an exhaust system having a plurality of exhaust passages extending, respectively, from the cylinder groups, and catalytic converters arranged in the exhaust system, and a plurality of upstream oxygen sensors arranged, respectively, in the exhaust passages at locations upstream of the catalytic converters, includes a single downstream oxygen sensor arranged in a confluent portion of the exhaust passages at a location downstream of the catalytic converters, for detecting the mixed air-fuel ratio of exhaust gases emitted from the cylinder groups. An ECU is responsive to outputs from the upstream oxygen sensors and an output from the downstream oxygen sensor, for determining air-fuel ratio control amounts for respective ones of the cylinder groups, and for controlling the air-fuel ratios of air-fuel mixtures supplied into the respective cylinder groups by the use of the air-fuel ratio control amounts determined. The ECU detects deterioration of each upstream oxygen sensor, based on an output from the upstream oxygen sensor obtained by the air-fuel ratio control based on a corresponding one of the air-fuel ratio control amounts.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control system for an internal combustion engine having a catalytic converter arranged in the exhaust system, a first air-fuel ratio sensor arranged upstream of the catalytic converter, and a second air-fuel ratio sensor arranged downstream of the catalytic converter, calculates an air-fuel ratio control variable, based on an output from the second air-fuel ratio sensor. An air-fuel ratio correction amount is calculated based on an output from the first air-fuel ratio sensor and the air-fuel ratio control variable. The air-fuel ratio of a mixture supplied to the engine is controlled based on the air-fuel ratio correction amount. The air-fuel ratio control variable is corrected in the rich direction such that the air-fuel ratio of the mixture supplied to the engine becomes richer, when deterioration of the catalytic converter is detected.
摘要:
A control system for an internal combustion engine has a catalyst arranged in the exhaust system, for purifying exhaust gases emitted from the engine. An ECU controls operation of the engine, based on at least one predetermined control parameter, and detects a temperature state of the catalyst at the start of the engine. The at least one predetermined control parameter is changed, based on the detected temperature state of the catalyst, after the start of the engine.
摘要:
A variable inductor includes two substantially meandering coils with trimming electrodes disposed therebetween on an insulating substrate. The trimming electrodes are located outside the region where the coils are provided. The two coils and the trimming electrodes are electrically connected. The trimming electrodes are exposed to a laser beam and thus, are trimmed one by one so as to vary the inductance.
摘要:
A variable inductor includes an input external electrode, an output external electrode, and a coil formed by electrically connecting at least two spiral coil pattern portions in series between the input external electrode and the output external electrode. At least one trimming electrode is further provided in each of the spiral coil pattern portions. A first end and a second end of each trimming electrode are connected to the spiral coil pattern portion, and a lead out electrode, respectively, so that the trimming electrode bridges between the lead out electrode and the coil. The trimming electrodes are sequentially trimmed one-by-one, by, for example, irradiating a laser beam, starting from a trimming electrode closer to an edge, whereby the inductance of the coil is increased accordingly.
摘要:
In a three-terminal variable inductor, a pair of spiral coil electrodes and a plurality of trimming electrodes are disposed on an insulative substrate. The trimming electrodes are arranged so as to bridge the respective outer portions of the spiral coil electrodes without crossing any of the spiral coil electrodes, thus electrically connecting the spiral coil electrodes. Laser beams are irradiated onto the trimming electrodes, so that a groove is formed so as to cut the trimming electrodes one by one, whereby inductance is changed as desired.
摘要:
In a three-terminal variable inductor, a pair of spiral coil electrodes and a plurality of trimming electrodes are disposed on an insulative substrate. The trimming electrodes are arranged so as to bridge the respective outer portions of the spiral coil electrodes without crossing any of the spiral coil electrodes, thus electrically connecting the spiral coil electrodes. Laser beams are irradiated onto the trimming electrodes, so that a groove is formed so as to cut the trimming electrodes one by one, whereby inductance is changed as desired.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing an electronic component provides a wide area which can be used for forming elements on the surface of a mother substrate and effectively produces an electronic component having excellent performance characteristics. At least a portion of the mother substrate is cut by using a blade having a shape in which a portion thereof butted against the boundary (shoulder) between the electrode arrangement surface and the cut end surface of the mother substrate or a portion which becomes the boundary (shoulder) is inclined at a predetermined angle to form an inclined surface at the boundary (shoulder) or the portion which becomes the boundary (shoulder) so as to expose a part of an electrode at the inclined surface.