Positive temperature characteristic thermistor and thermistor element
    3.
    发明授权
    Positive temperature characteristic thermistor and thermistor element 失效
    正温度特性热敏电阻和热敏电阻元件

    公开(公告)号:US5939972A

    公开(公告)日:1999-08-17

    申请号:US857097

    申请日:1997-05-15

    IPC分类号: H01C1/14 H01C7/02 H01C7/10

    CPC分类号: H01C1/1406 H01C7/02

    摘要: A thermistor element with positive temperature characteristic (PTC) has a planar ceramic member with a positive temperature characteristic of which the thickness is greater at its peripheral part than at the center part, decreasing either gradually or in a stepwise manner. Protrusions may be formed along its periphery. A PTC thermistor is formed with electrodes formed on both main surfaces of such a PTC thermistor, each electrode having a lower-layer electrode all over a main surface and an upper-layer electrode on the lower-layer electrode. The upper-layer electrode has a smaller surface area than the lower-layer electrode such that a portion of the lower-surface electrode is exposed at the periphery. The upper-layer electrodes may be formed at the center parts of the main surfaces, exclusive of the peripheral parts or where the protrusions are formed. The lower-layer electrodes may be mostly of Ni and the upper-layer electrodes mainly of Ag.

    摘要翻译: 具有正温度特性(PTC)的热敏电阻元件具有正温度特性的平面陶瓷构件,其周边部分的厚度大于中心部分的厚度,逐渐减小或逐步减小。 突起可沿其周边形成。 PTC热敏电阻器形成有形成在这种PTC热敏电阻的两个主表面上的电极,每个电极在整个主表面上具有下层电极,在下层电极上具有上层电极。 上层电极具有比下层电极更小的表面积,使得下表面电极的一部分在周边露出。 上层电极可以形成在主表面的中心部分,不包括周边部分或形成突起的位置。 下层电极大部分为Ni,上层电极主要为Ag。

    Semiconductor ceramic and positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor

    公开(公告)号:US06522238B2

    公开(公告)日:2003-02-18

    申请号:US09903037

    申请日:2001-07-11

    IPC分类号: H01C710

    CPC分类号: H01C7/025

    摘要: A semiconductor ceramic contains erbium as a semiconducting agent in primary components of barium titanate, strontium titanate, lead titanate and calcium titanate, with the average grain diameter of the semiconductor ceramic exceeding about 5 &mgr;m but not exceeding about 14 &mgr;m. Further, the semiconductor ceramic contains as additives a compound containing Er with the Er being more than about 0.10 mol but no more than about 0.33 mol, a compound containing Mn with the Mn being about 0.01 mol or more but no more than about 0.03 mol, and a compound containing Si with the Si being about 1.0 mol or more but no more than about 5.0 mol, per 100 mol of the primary component. Thus, a semiconductor ceramic and positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor can be provided with high-flash-breakdown capability, excellent results in ON-OFF application tests and few irregularities in resistance values.

    DC source system with solar cell, and its operation method
    8.
    发明授权
    DC source system with solar cell, and its operation method 失效
    具有太阳能电池的直流源系统及其运行方法

    公开(公告)号:US5986354A

    公开(公告)日:1999-11-16

    申请号:US637213

    申请日:1996-04-24

    摘要: In order to prevent a device serving as a load from being destroyed or causing an operation error while assuring an optimum operation voltage of a solar cell, and to stably, efficiently obtain power, a DC source system, in which a solar cell (1) and a DC source (3) are connected to an output terminal connected to a load (2) in parallel with each other, includes a first switch (5) arranged between the load (2) and the solar cell (1), a second switch 7 arranged between the load (2) and the DC source, and a capacitor (6) arranged between the load and the first switch in parallel with the solar cell.

    摘要翻译: 为了防止作为负载的装置在确保太阳能电池的最佳工作电压的同时被破坏或引起操作错误,并且为了稳定地有效地获得电力,可以使用太阳能电池(1)的DC源系统, 和DC源(3)连接到彼此并联连接到负载(2)的输出端子,包括布置在负载(2)和太阳能电池(1)之间的第一开关(5),第二开关 布置在负载(2)和DC源之间的开关7以及与太阳能电池并联布置在负载和第一开关之间的电容器(6)。

    Voltage control apparatus and method for power supply
    9.
    发明授权
    Voltage control apparatus and method for power supply 失效
    电源控制装置及方法

    公开(公告)号:US5892354A

    公开(公告)日:1999-04-06

    申请号:US717330

    申请日:1996-09-20

    摘要: A voltage control apparatus which is robust against disturbances such as variations in solar radiation amount around a solar cell, and has quick response, has a voltage detection unit (4) for detecting the voltage value of a battery power supply (1), a power conversion unit (2) for performing predetermined conversion of electric power supplied from the battery power supply, and supplying the converted electric power to a load or a commercial AC system (3), an output setting unit (5) for setting the output value of the power conversion unit on the basis of the voltage detection value, and a control unit (6) for controlling the power conversion unit on the basis of the output setting value. The output setting unit is constituted by a target voltage setting unit (51) for setting the target voltage value of the battery power supply, and an output calculation unit (52) for calculating the output setting value on the basis of the deviation between the voltage detection value and the target voltage value.

    摘要翻译: 一种对太阳能电池周围的太阳辐射量的变化等抗扰性强的电压控制装置,具有快速响应的电压控制装置,具有检测电池电源(1)的电压值的电压检测单元(4) 转换单元(2),用于执行从电池电源供应的电力的预定转换,并将转换的电力提供给负载或商用AC系统(3);输出设定单元(5),用于将输出值 基于电压检测值的功率转换单元,以及用于基于输出设定值控制功率转换单元的控制单元(6)。 输出设定单元由用于设定电池电源的目标电压值的目标电压设定单元(51)和输出计算单元(52)构成,该输出计算单元基于电压 检测值和目标电压值。

    Solar power generation apparatus and power control device therefor
    10.
    发明授权
    Solar power generation apparatus and power control device therefor 失效
    太阳能发电装置及其功率控制装置

    公开(公告)号:US5869956A

    公开(公告)日:1999-02-09

    申请号:US922550

    申请日:1997-09-03

    IPC分类号: G05F1/67 H02M7/48 G05F5/00

    CPC分类号: G05F1/67 Y02E10/58

    摘要: In order to extract maximum power from a solar cell, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is performed under ordinary circumstances. If the output current of the solar cell becomes too small, the operating point of the solar cell is caused to fluctuate over a range wider than that of MPPT control at a period longer than that of MPPT control and the output voltage and current of the solar cell is sampled. In a case where it is indicated by power values obtained from the sample voltage values and current values that a plurality of maximal points of power value exist, a voltage value corresponding to a power value indicative of the largest value is set as the operating point of the solar cell.

    摘要翻译: 为了从太阳能电池提取最大功率,在一般情况下执行最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制。 如果太阳能电池的输出电流变得太小,则太阳能电池的工作点在比MPPT控制的时间长的范围内比MPPT控制的工作点波动,并且太阳能电池的输出电压和电流 对单元进行采样。 在由从采样电压值和电流值获得的功率值表示存在多个功率值的最大值的情况下,将表示最大值的功率值对应的电压值设定为 太阳能电池。