摘要:
A floating gate type semiconductor non-volatile memory injects carriers from a carrier supply region to a floating gate by a phenomenon called "punch-through" injection in which a space charge region is formed in a semiconductor substrate between the carrier supply region and a carrier injection region so as to accelerate the carriers and inject them into the floating gate without forwardly biasing the carrier injection region or the substrate.
摘要:
In the non-volatile semiconductor memory of present invention, a select gate and a floating gate are formed on the surface portion of the substrate between a source region and the drain region also acting as a control gate through a gate oxide film. A part of a channel current is injected into the floating gate at the surface portion under the edge of the floating gate covered by the select gate.
摘要:
The present invention provides a read-out circuit for a nonvolatile memory which is capable of extracting a widely-fluctuating output voltage, even when the threshold value of the nonvolatile memory changes only a little.
摘要:
A thermosensitive semiconductor device has a semiconductor substrate of one conductivity type which is used as the common collector of at least two Darlington-connected transistors. The base of the first stage transistor is connected to the common collector to form a first terminal and the emitter of the final stage transistor forms a second terminal. A constant current source is connected between the first and second terminals. To reduce deviations in the temperature response, a second collector region can be used and which can extend to a depth deeper than the depth of the emitter of the final stage transistor to absorb some of the carriers injected by the emitter.
摘要:
A temperature detecting device comprises a semiconductor diode temperature sensor having a resistance characteristic which varies with variations in temperature, and a constant current circuit connected in series. A power source is connected in parallel with the series circuit and connected in parallel with a constant voltage circuit. A resistance ladder circuit is connected between an output terminal of the constant voltage circuit and one terminal of the power source, and an output terminal of the resistance ladder circuit is connected to a first input terminal of a differential amplifier. A second input terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to a connection point of the semiconductor diode and the constant current circuit. In operation, the voltage drops across cumulatively successive resistors of the resistance ladder circuit are compared with the voltage drop across the semiconductor diode temperature sensor by the differential amplifier and in response to a favorable comparison, the output logic state of the differential amplifier changes to thereby provide an output temperature signal.
摘要:
To be able to easily and rapidly remove free ATP, extract ATP from trapped microorganisms and measure extracted ATP, that loses less microorganisms in a sample, that does not require skill and that can measure the microorganisms in the sample stably and high-sensitively. A flocculant 3 is kept sucked beforehand in a first syringe 2. Then, a liquid sample LS is sucked and agitated. Then, a first filter case 5 and a second filter case 6 are attached immediately to a leading end. Then, this mixture liquid 15 is filtered. Then, only the second filter case 6 is detached and a washing liquid 8 is kept sucked by a second syringe 7 so as to wash the second filter case 6. Next, a bacteriolytic agent 9 is filled in the second filter case 6 and reacted for about 30 seconds. Then, a reacted liquid 16 is pushed out to a measuring tube 10. Then, a luminous reagent (11a+11b) that is prepared beforehand is added. Thereafter, an adapter 12 is attached. Then, it is agitated lightly. Then, a luminous quantity is measured by a luminometer at once.
摘要:
A switching system comprises a switching mechanism including at least two stationary contact members, a movable contact and a rotatable switching member. The switching member rotates in one direction to urge the movable contact into contact with a first and then the second of the two stationary contacts and in the opposite direction to urge the movable contact into contact with the second and then the first stationary contact. A circuit has the two inputs thereof connected to the stationary contacts and has two outputs and is responsive to the order in which the first and second stationary contact members are contacted for generating an output signal at only a first of the two outputs when the rotatable switching member is rotated in one direction and for generating an output signal at only the second of the two outputs when the switching member is rotated in the other direction.
摘要:
An all electronic watch has an analog minute and hour display comprising two concentric circles of radially disposed LEDs which are energized sequentially in a manner to simulate the movement of the minute and hour hands of a mechanical watch, and a centrally located digital display of date. The circuitry for energizing the LEDs of the analog minute and hour display and the digital date display comprise up-down counters. Amendment of time in a forward direction or in a backward direction is effected by switches actuated by the crown of the watch to feed fast pulses to the counters to operate the counters in a forward direction or in a backward direction as desired. The crown has two operational positions and is rotatable selectively in opposite directions in the manner of a mechanical watch to effect time and date amendment forwardly or backwardly.
摘要:
In an electronic timepiece including a driving circuit for developing display driving signals, and a time display receptive of the display driving signals for displaying time, a battery voltage level monitor. The battery voltage level monitor comprises a voltage detector operative to detect the voltage of a battery which powers the timepiece, and to develop a detector signal when the battery voltage is less than a certain value. The driving circuit includes a display signal control circuit which is responsive to the setting of a display restoring switch and the detector signal for interrupting the display driving signals applied to the display in response to the detector signal, in order to de-energize the display to indicate that the battery voltage is below the certain level. The display signal control circuit is operable to apply the display driving signals to the display under control of the display restoring switch even in the presence of the detector signals thereby to enable the display of time after a low battery voltage condition has been detected.
摘要:
A voltage detecting circuit, for example for detecting the approaching exhaustion of the battery of a timepiece, hand-held calculator or other small electronic device uses a MOS transistor, the operating point of which in detecting the predetermined voltage is selected as the point at which the ratio of the current to the conductive constant of the MOS transistor is above 0.1. The temperature compensation thereby achieved is good enough that the measured value almost coincides with the design value without the need of using a variable resistor.