摘要:
A process where a liquid or supercritical CO2 co-solvent is used in a hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) process. The process improves yield of the HTL process.
摘要:
A load-following reactor system and associated facilities for improved control of a reactor under varying loads. The load-following reactor may be a tube-cooled reactor for methanol synthesis. A reactant may be controlled by at least one valve element such that a portion of the reactant is fed to the reactor through the reactor tubes, and a portion of the reactant is fed to the reactor after being heated in a heat exchanger. The heated portion of the reactant may be fed to the reactor after the tubes. The valve element may be controlled based on a temperature of the reactor and/or a flowrate of reactant feed to adapt the temperature of the reactor to the changing reactant flowrate.
摘要:
The present invention is directed to a membrane reactor for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide, said membrane reactor comprising a reaction compartment (2) comprising a catalyst bed, a permeate compartment (4) and a membrane separating the reaction compartment and the permeate compartment, wherein said permeate compartment comprises a condensing surface.
摘要:
A fluidized catalytic reactor connected to a start-up heater is provided. The start-up heater provides sufficient heat to a catalyst containing stream to gradually increase the feed temperature. This allows for a critical volumetric flow rate to be achieved so that catalyst can be recovered from product instead of being entrained in product.
摘要:
A burner combustion chamber (3), a burner (7) for performing a burner combustion in the burner combustion chamber (3) a reformer catalyst (4) to which burner combustion gas is fed, and a heat exchange part (13a) for heating the air fed to the burner (7) are provided. A switching device (16, 17) able to switch an air flow route for introducing the outside air to the burner (7) between a high temperature air flow route (13) for introducing the outside air flowing within the heat exchange part (13a) and heated at the heat exchange part(13a) to the burner (7) and a low temperature air flow route (14) for feeding the outside air, which does not flow within the heat exchange part (13a) and thereby is lower in temperature than the outside air heated at the heat exchange part (13a), to the burner (7) is provided.
摘要:
Segmented silicon carbide liners for use in a fluidized bed reactor for production of polysilicon-coated granulate material are disclosed, as well as methods of making and using the segmented silicon carbide liners. Non-contaminating bonding materials for joining silicon carbide segments also are disclosed. One or more of the silicon carbide segments may be constructed of reaction-bonded silicon carbide.
摘要:
Disclosed is a hydrocarbon conversion process that is less energy intensive than comparable processes. The hydrocarbon conversion process is particularly desirable for converting alkanes, such as methane into C2+ olefins, such as ethylene and propylene, particularly with increasing selectivity to ethylene production. It is also desirable for effectively removing a C2 composition (i.e., ethane, ethylene and/or acetylene) produced from the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon comprised of C2+ olefins. In addition, the hydrocarbon process is desirable for providing a substantially non-cryogenic separation of the desired C2 compositions from the hydrocarbons (e.g., methane) present in the reaction mixture.
摘要:
Provided is a method for continuous production of zeolite in which a starting material is continuously supplied to a tubular reactor to produce an aluminophosphate zeolite that contains, in the framework structure, at least aluminum atoms and phosphorus atoms or an aluminosilicate zeolite having 5≦SiO2/Al2O3≦2000. The tubular reactor is heated using a heat medium; a ratio (volume)/(lateral surface area) of the volume (inner capacity) to the lateral surface area of the tubular reactor is 0.75 cm or smaller; and seed crystals are added to the starting material. Through using a small-diameter tubular reactor and heating with a heat medium, it becomes possible to heat sufficiently the entirety of a starting material (zeolite precursor gel) in a short time, and to allow reaction to proceed at a high rate. The occurrence of irregular pressure fluctuations during continuous production of the zeolite can be prevented by adding seed crystals.
摘要:
An apparatus for cracking gases with a supply line (1) for a carbon-containing gas, by means of which the gas is capable of being supplied to a first heat exchanger (5, 9) with a fill of a thermal storage mass, a first combustion chamber (6, 8) which is arranged downstream in the direction of flow of the gas and which, in particular, has a supply device capable of being regulated for another oxygen-containing gas, by means of which a partial oxidation of the carbon-containing gas is carried out by the hypostoichiometric supply of oxygen, and a reactor (7) which is arranged downstream of the first combustion chamber (6, 8) in the direction of flow of the gas which has a fill of a catalytically acting material for the catalytic splitting of impurities of the carbon-containing gas. According to the invention a second combustion chamber (6, 8) with a supply device—in particular capable of being regulated—for an oxygen-containing gas, by means of which a partial oxidation of the catalytically prepared carbon-containing gas is carried out by the hypostoichiometric supply of oxygen, is arranged downstream of the reactor (7) in the direction of flow of the carbon-containing gas, and a second heat exchanger (5, 9) with a fill of a thermal storage mass is arranged downstream of this combustion chamber in the direction of flow of the gas, wherein the direction of flow of the carbon-containing gas is capable of being reversed at least in a region which encloses the first and second heat exchanger (5, 9), the first and second combustion chamber (6, 8) and the reactor (7).
摘要:
A hydrocarbon conversion process is described. The process includes passing a hydrocarbon stream through a plurality of reaction zones and a plurality of fired heaters, the effluent from a first reaction zone passing through one of the plurality of fired heaters before entering a second reaction zone. The plurality of fired heaters include a radiant section, an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold, at least one heater tube having an inlet and an outlet, the inlet being in fluid communication with the inlet manifold and the outlet being in fluid communication with the outlet manifold, and at least one burner, the inlet manifold of one of the plurality of fired heaters being at a vertical height different from a vertical height of at least one of the other inlet manifolds or at least one of the outlet manifolds.