公开(公告)号：US06517725B2

公开(公告)日：2003-02-11

申请号：US09935098

申请日：2001-08-22

Applicant: Michael R. Spearman ,  John H. Burban ,  Mathews Thundyil ,  Majid Zia

Inventor： Michael R. Spearman ,  John H. Burban ,  Mathews Thundyil ,  Majid Zia

IPC: B01D6100

CPC classification number: B01D63/026 ,  B01D17/04 ,  B01D17/085 ,  B01D61/36 ,  C10G31/11 ,  C10G33/00 ,  C10M175/06

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of free, emulsified, or dissolved water from liquids of low volatility, such as oil, is shown. The liquid of low volatility is removed by contacting the fluid stream of concern with one side of a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane divides a separation chamber into a feed side into which the stream of fluid is fed, and a permeate side from which the water is removed. The permeate side of the chamber is maintained at a low partial pressure of water through presence of vacuum, or by use of a sweep gas.

公开(公告)号：US5558774A

公开(公告)日：1996-09-24

申请号：US410730

申请日：1995-03-27

Applicant: Fernando A. Tonelli ,  Henry Behmann

Inventor： Fernando A. Tonelli ,  Henry Behmann

IPC: B01D17/00 ,  B01D21/00 ,  B01D61/14 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F3/12 ,  C10M175/06

CPC classification number: B01D61/145 ,  B01D17/0208 ,  B01D17/12 ,  B01D21/2433 ,  B01D21/2444 ,  B01D21/34 ,  B01D61/147 ,  C02F1/444 ,  C02F3/1231 ,  C02F3/1268 ,  C10M175/06 ,  Y02W10/15 ,  Y10S210/908

Abstract: A wastewater feed containing an ultimate BOD/COD ratio >0.6 is well-suited for especially acclimated thermophilic and/or caldo-active living micro-organisms ("hot cells") which thrive in an autothermal aerobic (ATA) reaction zone having an ATA bioreactor ("ATAB") operating at substantially ambient atmospheric pressure in combination with a MF or UF membrane filtration device from which a solids-free permeate may be withdrawn. This combination, of ATAB and membrane device is a "membrane bioreactor" (ATA MBR), which operates autothermally with a feed containing biodegradable organic materials having a BOD of at least 5,000 mg/L, preferably at least 10,000 mg/L (10 g/L) with a minor portion of "municipal" wastewater or domestic sewage. Operation of the ATAB, preferably in the thermophilic range from 45.degree. C.-75.degree. C., with constant HRT from 1 to 12 days, is contingent upon maintaining a stable population of live hot cells. Such cells enhance the biokinetics of degradation and allow operation of the ATAB at higher COD loading and a lower concentration of TSS, than would be possible at a lower temperature. A surprisingly high membrane productivity allows production of much less sludge to be disposed of outside the system, than would have to be disposed of with a conventional mesophilic reactor in normal operation with a HRT of less than 24 hr. A combination of an MP MBR with an ATA MBR is highly effective when the MPB produces high BOD concentration mixed liquor for destruction by the ATAB.

Abstract translation: 含有最大BOD / COD比值> 0.6的废水进料非常适合在具有ATA的自热有氧（ATA）反应区中兴旺的特别适应的嗜热和/或积存活性活的微生物（“热细胞”） 生物反应器（“ATAB”）在基本上环境大气压下操作，与MF或UF膜过滤装置结合，可以从其中取出不含固体的渗透物。 ATAB和膜装置的这种组合是“膜生物反应器”（ATA MBR），其使用含有至少5,000mg / L，优选至少10,000mg / L（优选至少10,000mg / L）的BOD的可生物降解有机材料的饲料进行自热操作 / L），少部分“市政”废水或生活污水。 ATAB的操作优选在45℃-75℃的嗜温范围内，恒定HRT为1至12天，取决于保持活热细胞群的稳定。 这种细胞增强了降解的生物动力学，并允许ATAB在较低的温度下可能在较高的COD负载和较低的TSS浓度下操作。 令人惊讶的是，膜生产率允许在系统外排出少得多的污泥，而不需要在正常操作中用常规的嗜温反应器处理，HRT小于24小时。 MPB与ATA MBR的组合在MPB产生高浓度BOD浓度的混合液中被ATAB破坏时非常有效。

公开(公告)号：US5401400A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-28

申请号：US48915

申请日：1993-04-19

Applicant: Fernando A. Tonelli ,  R. Philip Canning

Inventor： Fernando A. Tonelli ,  R. Philip Canning

IPC: B01D17/00 ,  B01D17/02 ,  B01D21/00 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F3/12 ,  C10M175/06

CPC classification number: C02F3/1268 ,  B01D17/00 ,  B01D17/0208 ,  B01D21/2433 ,  B01D21/2444 ,  B01D21/305 ,  C02F1/444 ,  C02F3/1231 ,  C10M175/06 ,  Y02W10/15

Abstract: A system is provided to treat wastewater from a metal-working facility, such as an automotive manufacturing plant in a bioreactor using live microorganisms. Such wastewater contains waste fluids which are a mixture of relatively easily biodegradable fats and oils, much less easily biodegradable synthetic fluids, oils and greases, and nonbiodegradable material including inorganic finely divided solids such as metal and silicon carbide particles. Such waste fluids require a hydraulic retention time (HRT) and a solids retention time (SRT) which is 10 times greater than for sewage. High quality water is separated from suspended solids which are removed from the reactor at an essentially constant rate and fed to an ultrafiltration membrane. Concentrate is recycled to the reactor, except for a bleed stream to remove solids periodically. The membranes acquire a long and effective life despite large variations in membrane flux, because of a permeate recycle which permits operation of the bioreactor at constant volume; permits flow of feed wastewater to the reactor at constant flow rate; and allows operation of the membrane modules at a relatively low pressure in a narrow range which does not damage the membranes. Such operation of the bioreactor allows one to use a reactor which is one-half the size (volume) than one which would be required with a system without a permeate recycle. Effective and long-lived operation of the membranes is obtained by filtering out (through a 140 mesh screen) all solids greater in diameter than about 106 .mu.m. Pilot plant tests conducted with wastewater from automobile manufacturing plants over a period of more than a year provide evidence of the surprising effectiveness of the system over a prolonged period.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种处理来自金属加工设备的废水的系统，例如使用活微生物的生物反应器中的汽车制造厂。 这种废水含有作为相对容易生物降解的脂肪和油的混合物的废液，更不容易生物降解的合成流体，油和油脂，以及包括无机细碎固体如金属和碳化硅颗粒的不生物降解材料。 这种废液需要水力停留时间（HRT）和固体停留时间（SRT），比污水高10倍。 从悬浮固体中分离出高质量的水，这些悬浮固体以基本上恒定的速率从反应器中取出并进料到超滤膜。 浓缩物被循环到反应器中，除了排出物流以周期性除去固体。 由于渗透循环使得生物反应器以恒定的体积运行，因此膜具有长期和有效的寿命，尽管膜通量有很大变化。 允许进料废水以恒定流速流入反应器; 并且允许在不损害膜的窄范围内的相对低的压力下操作膜组件。 生物反应器的这种操作允许使用反应器的尺寸（体积）的一半，而不是在没有渗透物再循环的情况下需要的反应器。 通过过滤（通过140目筛）所有直径大于约106μm的固体，获得膜的有效和长寿命的操作。 在一年以上的汽车制造厂废水进行的试点工厂试验证明了该系统在长时间内的效果令人惊讶。

公开(公告)号：US6024880A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-15

申请号：US606924

申请日：1996-02-26

Applicant: Richard J. Ciora, Jr. ,  Paul K. T. Liu

Inventor： Richard J. Ciora, Jr. ,  Paul K. T. Liu

IPC: B01D61/14 ,  C10M175/00 ,  C10M175/06 ,  B01D61/00

CPC classification number: B01D61/14 ,  C10M175/0008 ,  C10M175/06

Abstract: Disclosed is a method suitable for treating used oil to remove contaminants including ash and color contaminants therefrom to provide a purified oil product. The method comprises the steps of providing a porous inorganic membrane module having a high pressure side and a low pressure side, and a body of oil to be treated. The oil is introduced to the high pressure side of the membrane module to provide an oil permeate on the low pressure side and an ash rich concentrate on the high pressure side thereby separating ash in the oil from the oil permeate. Thereafter the oil permeate is contacted with an adsorbent to remove one of color and odor from the oil permeate to provide a purified oil product. The spent adsorbent can be regenerated and reused.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种适用于处理二手油以除去污染物（包括灰分和颜色污染物）从而提供纯化油产品的方法。 该方法包括提供具有高压侧和低压侧的多孔无机膜组件和待处理的油体的步骤。 将油引入到膜组件的高压侧，以在低压侧提供油渗透物，并在高压侧提供富含灰分的浓缩物，从而将油中的灰分与油渗透物分离。 此后，油渗透物与吸附剂接触以从油渗透物中除去颜色和气味中的一种，以提供纯化的油产物。 废吸附剂可以再生和再利用。

公开(公告)号：US5853593A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-29

申请号：US646406

申请日：1996-05-07

Applicant: Rhonda Miller

Inventor： Rhonda Miller

IPC: B01D61/04 ,  B01D61/58 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C10M175/06 ,  B01D61/00

CPC classification number: C10M175/06 ,  B01D17/085 ,  B01D61/58 ,  C02F1/444 ,  B01D61/027 ,  B01D61/145 ,  C02F1/442

Abstract: A method is provided for filtering waste water containing metallic cations having valences in whole integers of at least two in concentrations greater than about one part to about one million parts of the metalworking waste water. The method utilizes an ultrafilter (6) in series with a nanofilter (14) and the addition of a chemical dispersant effective to render the nanofilter permeate suitable to meet applicable environmental standards for discard into streams, lakes and sanitary sewers.

Abstract translation: 提供一种用于过滤含有金属阳离子的废水的方法，所述金属阳离子的浓度大于金属加工废水的约一份至约一百万份的至少两个整数。 该方法利用与纳滤器（14）串联的超滤器（6），并且添加有效地使纳米过滤器渗透物适合于符合适用环境标准的化学分散剂，以丢弃到流，湖和卫生污水管中。

公开(公告)号：US5520815A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-28

申请号：US538269

申请日：1995-10-03

Applicant: Youssef El-Shoubary ,  Bang M. Kim ,  Richard A. Mizenko

Inventor： Youssef El-Shoubary ,  Bang M. Kim ,  Richard A. Mizenko

IPC: B01D61/16 ,  C10M175/06

CPC classification number: B01D61/16 ,  B01D61/145 ,  B01D61/147 ,  C10M175/06 ,  B01D2311/04

Abstract: The process for removal of contaminants from coolants involves using an inorganic hydrophilic membrane, such as a ceramic membrane with varying pore sizes, to remove lead particulates, including soluble lead that is converted to insoluble lead precipitates, and oil from machining coolant solutions. The treated coolant with the lead substantially removed is then recycled back to the coolant tank that is used for machining lead alloy parts.

Abstract translation: 从冷却剂中去除污染物的过程包括使用无机亲水膜，例如具有不同孔径的陶瓷膜，以除去铅颗粒，包括转化为不溶性铅沉淀物的可溶性铅，以及来自加工冷却剂​​溶液的油。 然后将经过处理的带铅的冷却液重新回到用于加工铅合金零件的冷却液箱中。

公开(公告)号：US5372723A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-13

申请号：US81538

申请日：1993-06-23

Applicant: Johannes de Geus ,  Rolf Kehlenbach ,  Bernhard Lehmann

Inventor： Johannes de Geus ,  Rolf Kehlenbach ,  Bernhard Lehmann

IPC: B01D17/04 ,  B01D17/05 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C10M175/04 ,  C10M175/06 ,  B01D15/00 ,  B01D61/00 ,  B01D17/02

CPC classification number: C10M175/06 ,  B01D17/047 ,  C02F1/441 ,  C02F1/444 ,  C10M175/04

Abstract: Oil-in-water emulsions are reprocessed in a particularly effective manner by a process in whicha) an oil-in-water emulsion is first subjected with the aid of a chemical emulsion breaker to a first breaking andb) the resulting water phase is fed to a micro-, nano- and/or ultrafiltration or a reverse osmosis,which is characterised in thatc) the oil phase from stage a) is combined with the oil phase from stage b) andd) the oil phases thus combined are subjected with the aid of organic emulsion breakers to a second breaking.

Abstract translation: 水包油乳剂通过以下方法被特别有效地再处理，其中a）首先在化学破乳剂的帮助下将水包油乳液进行第一次破碎，并且b）得到的水相为 进料到微量，纳米和/或超滤或反渗透，其特征在于c）来自阶段a）的油相与来自阶段b）的油相组合，以及d）由此组合的油相 在有机乳液破碎机的帮助下进行第二次破碎。

公开(公告)号：US20020100726A1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-01

申请号：US09935098

申请日：2001-08-22

Inventor： Michael R. Spearman ,  John H. Burban ,  Mathews Thundyil ,  Majid Zia

IPC: B01D061/36 ,  B01D063/00

CPC classification number: B01D63/026 ,  B01D17/04 ,  B01D17/085 ,  B01D61/36 ,  C10G31/11 ,  C10G33/00 ,  C10M175/06

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of free, emulsified, or dissolved water from liquids of low volatility, such as oil, is shown. The liquid of low volatility is removed by contacting the fluid stream of concern with one side of a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane divides a separation chamber into a feed side into which the stream of fluid is fed, and a permeate side from which the water is removed. The permeate side of the chamber is maintained at a low partial pressure of water through presence of vacuum, or by use of a sweep gas.

Abstract translation: 示出了用于从低挥发性的液体（例如油）中除去游离的，乳化的或溶解的水的方法和装置。 通过使关注的流体流与半透膜的一侧接触来除去低挥发性液体。 膜将分离室分成供给流体流入的进料侧以及去除水的渗透侧。 通过存在真空或通过使用吹扫气体将室的渗透侧保持在低的水分压。

公开(公告)号：US6117327A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-12

申请号：US136555

申请日：1998-08-19

Applicant: Richard J. Ciora ,  Paul K. T. Liu

Inventor： Richard J. Ciora ,  Paul K. T. Liu

IPC: B01D61/16 ,  C10M175/00 ,  C10M175/06 ,  B01D61/22

CPC classification number: C10M175/0016 ,  B01D61/145 ,  B01D61/16 ,  C10M175/06 ,  B01D2311/04

Abstract: A method suitable for treating used oil to remove ash and metal contaminants therefrom with minimum oxidation of the oil, the metal including at least one of the components of iron, lead, copper, zinc, sodium, magnesium, and calcium, to provide a highly purified oil product having less than 10 ppm of at least one of the contaminants and less than 0.15 wt. % of ash content. The method comprises providing a body of oil to be purified and chemically treating the oil to condition ash and metals contained therein to facilitate removal of ash and metal during membrane purification of the oil. A porous inorganic membrane module having a high pressure side and a low pressure side is provided and the chemically treated oil is introduced to the high pressure side of the membrane module to provide an oil permeate on the low pressure side and an ash and metal-rich concentrate on the high pressure side thereby separating ash and metals from the oil to provide the highly purified oil product at an improved level of throughput of the membrane compared to feed oil not chemically treated.

Abstract translation: 一种适用于处理用过的油以最少氧化氧的方法除去灰分和金属污染物的方法，该金属包括铁，铅，铜，锌，钠，镁和钙中的至少一种组分，以提供高度的 具有小于10ppm的至少一种污染物并且小于0.15wt。 灰分含量％。 该方法包括提供待净化的油体并化学处理油以调节其中所含的灰分和金属，以便在油的净化期间除去灰分和金属。 提供具有高压侧和低压侧的多孔无机膜组件，并将化学处理的油引入到膜组件的高压侧，以在低压侧提供渗透油，并且将灰分和金属富集 集中在高压侧，从而与未与化学处理的原料油相比，将灰分和金属与油分离以提供高度纯化的油产品，其提高了膜生产量。

公开(公告)号：US4814088A

公开(公告)日：1989-03-21

申请号：US221528

申请日：1988-07-20

Applicant: Oleh Kutowy ,  Thomas A. Tweddle ,  John D. Hazlett

Inventor： Oleh Kutowy ,  Thomas A. Tweddle ,  John D. Hazlett

IPC: C10G31/11 ,  C10M175/06 ,  F02B3/06 ,  B01D13/00

CPC classification number: C10M175/06 ,  B01D61/147 ,  B01D63/087 ,  C10G31/11 ,  B01D2313/38 ,  F02B3/06

Abstract: A method for the molecular filtration of predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids (e.g. spent diesel lubrication oil, crude oil or pipeline blend crude oils and heavy oils, and bitumen), wherein, at a viscosity less than 600 centipoise, the predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid is passed through a membrane, having at least a swelled outer layer on the high pressure side comprising a microporous, membrane of an aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid swellable, polysulfone compound, at a pressure differential in the range 1 to 100 atmospheres oil. The microporous membrane having been swelled in the aliphatic hydrocarbon liquid from having a molecular weight cut off less of than 20,000 when measured in an aqueous medium to, after adsorption of hydrocarbon liquid and having been swelled thereby, a molecular weight cut off less than 4,000 when measured in hydrocarbon liquid, so that oil depleted in the substance to be filtered therefrom permeates the membrane. The viscosity of the crude oil may be reduced by heating or adding a solvent to it. The invention is useful for separating, for example, nitrogen, sulphur, aluminum, chromium, copper, nickel, vanadium and asphaltenes from fossil derived, predominantly aliphatic hydrocarbon liquids.

Abstract translation: 主要是脂族烃液体（例如废柴油润滑油，原油或管道混合原油和重油以及沥青）的分子过滤的方法，其中在小于600厘泊的粘度下，主要是脂族烃液体通过 通过膜，其在高压侧具有至少一个膨胀的外层，其包含在1至100大气压油范围内的压力差下的微孔的脂肪族烃液体溶胀性聚砜化合物的膜。 在脂肪族烃液体中膨胀的微孔膜在水性介质中测定时分子量切断小于20,000，在吸附烃液体并因此被溶胀后，分子量切断小于4000，当 在烃液体中测量，使得要从其中过滤的物质中耗尽的油渗透到膜中。 可以通过加热或向其中加入溶剂来降低原油的粘度。 本发明可用于从化石衍生的主要是脂族烃液体中分离出例如氮，硫，铝，铬，铜，镍，钒和沥青质。