摘要:
A corpuscular beam microscope for ring segment focusing is provided with aondenser and an objective magnetic lens system which is disposed substantially axially symmetrically about the microscope axis for the purpose of generating two field maxima separated by a distance not exceeding five times the arithmetic means of half the half height widths of the component magnetic fields forming the maxima. The provision of such a magnetic lens system facilitates the elimination of aperture aberrations of the first and second order and the elimination of chromatic aberrations of zero order and partly of the first order as well as certain extra-axial defects.
摘要:
A magnetic lens arrangement for corpuscular radiation equipment working under a vacuum, in particular an objective lens for high voltage electron microscopes, which permits having objects to be examined disposed in a vacuum chamber at room temperature, is achieved by an arrangement which includes a vacuum chamber having a lens coil winding, a superconductive shielding device which is of cup-shaped design and encloses the winding, two superconductive shielding cylinders disposed one behind the other with mutual spacing enclosed by the winding, with a vacuum chamber for the object to be examined disposed in front of the open side of the shielding device and the first shielding cylinder.
摘要:
A corpuscular ray device having a magnetic lens assembly. Although the invention is particularly applicable to objective lens assemblies of electron microscopes which operate under vacuum, it is also applicable to lens assemblies for ion microscopes, electron-diffraction devices, or other corpuscular ray apparatus wherein the rays are situated in tubular enclosures. The magnetic lens assembly includes a pair of shielding cylinders which are coaxial and spaced from each other, which are made of a superconductive material, and which have their common axis coinciding with a lens axis of the lens assembly, these shielding cylinders being surrounded by a lens winding which may also be made of a superconductive material and which serves to generate the magnetic field which is concentrated by the shielding cylinders in the region of the corpuscular ray. These shielding cylinders have directed toward each other a pair of end faces which are spaced from each other and define between themselves a lens gap which is devoid of any shielding components made of superconductive material. The aperture error constant of the lens assembly depends upon the maximum value of the field intensity in the lens gap and upon the field gradient along the lens axis in the lens gap. The magnitude of the lens gap is chosen in such a way that with a predetermined value of field intensity outwardly beyond the lens gap and the shielding cylinders the maximum value of the field intensity in the lens gap and the field gradient in the lens gap along the lens axis provide for the lens assembly an aperture error constant which is less than a predetermined value of aperture error constant.
摘要:
A highly compact magnetic lens arrangement which economically provides the highest field strength on the axis with the minimum beam half width and a minimum outer field strength of the coil winding comprises two tubular shielding cylinder means of superconductive material coaxially aligned with the lens axis, said cylinder means each having a first end and a second end, said first ends being spaced from each other to define a unshielded lens gap therebetween, said lens gap having a coil means positioned about the cylinder means to create a magnetic field, a cooling agent adapted to be present about the cylinder which cause a concentration of the magnetic field adjacent the particle beam, and a ferromagnetic ring-shaped pole shoe on each of said first ends of said cylinders for regulating and guiding the magnetic field.
摘要:
An edge defined geometry is used to produce very small area tunnel junctions (30) in a structure with niobium nitride superconducting electrodes (14, 28) and a magnesium oxide tunnel barrier (24). The incorporation of an MgO tunnel barrier with two NbN electrodes results in improved current-voltage characteristics, and may lead to better junction noise characteristics. The NbN electrodes are preferably sputter-deposited, with the first NbN electrode deposited on an insulating substrate maintained at about 250.degree. to 500.degree. C. for improved quality of the electrode.
摘要:
An improved apparatus and method for analyzing the chemical and structural composition of a specimen including whole-body specimens which may include, for example, living mammals, utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. A magnetic field space necessary to obtain an NMR signal characteristic of the chemical structure of the specimen is focused to provide a resonance domain of selectable size, which may then be moved in a pattern with respect to the specimen to scan the specimen.
摘要:
A magnetic lens system for corpuscular radiation equipment operating in a vacuum, in particular, an objective lens system for electron microscopes, comprising a superconducting shield housing, in which are arranged, at one end, a single hollow cylindrical superconducting shielding device, wound with a lens coil, and at the other end, in front of the free end face of the shielding device, a vacuum chamber for accommodating an object to be examined, permitting the cavity to be relatively large, and detectors for radiation analysis to be arranged therein so that the lens system is therefore suitable for use in scanning electron microscopes.