摘要:
Methods and systems for producing vinyl acetate may use flammability limit (FL) formulas with improved efficiencies at more than one location in the vinyl acetate production process. Herein, FLs can be used at one or more of four portions of the vinyl acetate production process: the reactor, the process-to-process heat exchangers, the carbon dioxide removal system, and the ethylene recovery system. Such FLs are functions of operating conditions and include at least one interaction term that represents the interrelation of two or more of the operating conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, and component concentration) on the FL.
摘要:
Purification methods and systems for working up a crude vinyl acetate stream containing vinyl acetate monomer, acetic acid, water, ethyl acetate, and other impurities. Crude vinyl acetate streams are purified with an azeotropic distillation tower using a side draw to remove ethyl acetate and water, and a bottom stream to remove acetic acid from the crude vinyl acetate. The methods and systems move the side draw to a location on the azeotropic distillation tower that maintains a constant water concentration in the bottom product of about 4 to about 15 wt. % and forms a vapor side product. A second distillation tower is used to further purify the vapor side product to obtain water, VAM, ethyl acetate and AA. The system provides easier disposal of ethyl acetate, and cleaner water that can be recycled in the reactor or purification sections of a VAM plant and full recovery of AA.
摘要:
Addition of an N-oxyl compound to points in the VAM synthesis process such that from 10 to 100 ppm of N-oxyl compound is present in the column bottoms of the acetic acid separator markedly reduce fouling in the separator, thus allowing long and efficient VAM production campaigns.
摘要:
The present invention relates to production processes for reactive monomer species. The method described herein may be used in a variety of reactive monomer production processes to optimize the use of polymerization inhibitor compounds, which may lead to further advantages such as debottlenecking or elimination of process plant separation unit(s). The method provides for the separation of oligomeric/polymeric species, inhibitor compounds and reactive monomer, optionally in the presence of unreacted raw materials or solvent(s), within the production process by means of membrane filtration, particularly through the use of solvent stable membranes, and in particular by applying organic solvent nanofiltration membranes.
摘要:
Polymerization inhibitor compositions are provided. The polymerization inhibitor compositions may include at least one hydroxylamine of a nitroxide and at least one phenylenediamine. Methods of inhibiting the unwanted polymerization of monomers are also provided. The methods include adding the presently disclosed polymerization inhibitor compositions to a fluid containing the monomers. The monomers may be ethylenically unsaturated monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrolein, methacrolein, acrylate, methacrylate, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, butadiene, ethylene, propylene, and styrene.
摘要:
In one embodiment, the invention is to a method for producing a vinyl acetate composition. The method comprises the step of contacting acetic acid, oxygen, and ethylene under conditions effective to form a crude vinyl acetate composition comprising vinyl acetate, acetic acid, residual oxygen, and water. The method further comprises the step of contacting the crude vinyl acetate composition or a derivative thereof with at least one scavenger to form a treated crude vinyl acetate composition.
摘要:
A process and apparatus for contacting (a) at least one gaseous reactant and (b) at least one liquid selected from the group consisting of reactants, coolants and mixtures thereof in the presence of a fluidised bed of catalyst, in which the liquid is introduced into the reactor through at least one inlet located within the fluidisation zone and the gaseous reactant is introduced into the reactor through at least one inlet located within the fluidisation zone adjacent the support means.
摘要:
The invention relates to a supported catalyst and the production and use thereof in the synthesis of vinyl acetate in the gaseous phase from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen, or from gases containing oxygen, whereby the activity and selectivity are simultaneously improved. The catalyst contains palladium, at least one alkali metal compound and optionally one or more catalyst accelerators, in particular, gold, barium and/or cadmium on a porous support. Said support contains at least one reducible metal oxide, in particular oxides of the elements of groups IIIb, IVb, Vb, VIb from the periodic table of elements. Once the support has been loaded with at least one palladium compound, a reduction is carried out at a temperature of >200° C.
摘要:
An integrated process for the production of an alkenyl carboxylate, such as vinyl acetate which process comprises the steps of (a) contacting in an oxidation reaction zone a C2 to C4 alkane, such as ethane, a molecular oxygen-containing gas, optionally the corresponding alkene and optionally water, in the presence of a catalyst to produce a stream comprising alkene, carboxylic acid and water; (b) separating at least a portion of the stream from step (a) into a fraction comprising the alkene and a fraction comprising the carboxylic acid and water; (c) contacting in a second reaction zone at least a portion of said alkene fraction produced in step (b), a carboxylic acid and a molecular oxygen-containing gas, in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product stream comprising an alkenyl carboxylate, water and carboxylic acid; (d) separating at least a portion of the product stream from step (c) and at least a portion of the carboxylic acid and water fraction produced in step (b) by azeotropic distillation into an overhead fraction comprising the alkenyl carboxylate and a base fraction comprising the carboxylic acid; (e) recovering the alkenyl carboxylate from the overhead fraction separated in step (d).
摘要:
A catalyst for preparing vinyl acetate in the gas phase from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen or oxygen-containing gases with, at the same time, low-high boiler formation which catalyst comprises palladium and/or its compounds, gold and/or its compounds, moron or boron compounds and alkali metal compounds on a particular support.