公开(公告)号：WO2018237216A1

公开(公告)日：2018-12-27

申请号：PCT/US2018/038899

申请日：2018-06-22

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： NELSON, Kimberly ,  RETSINA, Theodora

IPC: D21H11/18 ,  B82Y30/00

Abstract: Some variations provide a new nanolignocellulose composition comprising, on a bone-dry, ash-free, and acetyl-free basis, from 35 wt% to 80 wt% cellulose nanofibrils, cellulose microfibrils, or a combination thereof, from 15 wt% to 45 wt% lignin, and from 5 wt% to 20 wt% hemicelluloses. The hemicelluloses may contain xylan or mannan as the major component. Novel properties arise from the hemicellulose content that is intermediate between high hemicellulose content of raw biomass and low hemicellulose content of conventional nanocellulose. The nanolignocellulose composition is hydrophobic due to the presence of lignin. Processes for making and using the nanolignocellulose compositions are also described.

公开(公告)号：WO2018005259A3

公开(公告)日：2018-01-04

申请号：PCT/US2017/038901

申请日：2017-06-23

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： NELSON, Kimberly ,  RETSINA, Theodora ,  HILL, Lee

IPC: D21C5/02 ,  D21C3/04

Abstract: In some variations, OCC is screened, cleaned, deinked, and mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The OCC may be subjected to further chemical, physical, or thermal processing, prior to mechanical refining. For example, the OCC may be subjected to hot-water extraction, or fractionation with an acid catalyst, a solvent for lignin, and water. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanocrystals, OCC is exposed to AVAP® digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is optionally bleached and is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanocrystals. In certain embodiments to produce cellulose nanofibrils, OCC is exposed to GreenBox+® digestor conditions. The resulting pulp is mechanically refined to generate cellulose nanofibrils. The site of a system to convert OCC to nanocellulose may be co-located with an existing OCC processing site. The nanocellulose line may be a bolt-on retrofit system to existing infrastructure. In other embodiments, a dedicated plant for converting OCC to nanocellulose is used.

公开(公告)号：WO2017192476A1

公开(公告)日：2017-11-09

申请号：PCT/US2017/030491

申请日：2017-05-02

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： RETSINA, Theodora ,  NELSON, Kimberly ,  HILL, Lee ,  PYLKKANEN, Vesa ,  GALLIFORD, Timothy

IPC: C08B1/00 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C3/26 ,  D21H11/00 ,  B82Y40/00

Abstract: The present invention provides a pulp product (e.g., paper) comprising cellulose and nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose is derived from the cellulose in a mechanical and/or chemical step that is separate from the main pulping process. The pulping process may be thermomechanical pulping or hydrothermal-mechanical pulping, for example. The pulp product is stronger and smoother with the presence of the nanocellulose. The nanocellulose further can function as a retention aid, for a step of forming the pulp product (e.g., in a paper machine). Other embodiments provide a corrugated medium pulp composition comprising cellulose pulp and nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose includes cellulose nanofibrils and/or cellulose nanocrystals and the nanocellulose may be hydrophobic. The nanocellulose improves the strength properties of the corrugated medium. In some embodiments, the cellulose pulp is a GreenBox+® pulp and the nanocellulose is derived from the AVAP® process.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供包含纤维素和纳米纤维素的纸浆产品（例如纸），其中所述纳米纤维素在与主制浆过程分离的机械和/或化学步骤中从纤维素衍生而来。 例如，制浆过程可以是热机械制浆或水热 - 机械制浆。 在存在纳米纤维素的情况下，纸浆产品更强且更光滑。 对于形成纸浆产品的步骤（例如在造纸机中），纳米纤维素还可以用作助留剂。 其他实施方案提供了包含纤维素纸浆和纳米纤维素的瓦楞纸介质纸浆组合物，其中纳米纤维素包含纤维素纳米纤丝和/或纤维素纳米晶体，并且纳米纤维素可以是疏水性的。 纳米纤维素改善了波纹介质的强度性能。 在一些实施例中，纤维素纸浆是GreenBox +＆reg; 纸浆和纳米纤维素衍生自AVAP＆reg; 过程

公开(公告)号：WO2016025777A1

公开(公告)日：2016-02-18

申请号：PCT/US2015/045166

申请日：2015-08-14

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： RETSINA, Theodora

IPC: C13K1/02 ,  C13K11/00 ,  C13K13/00 ,  D21C1/02 ,  D21C1/04

CPC classification number: C08H6/00 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  Y02P20/584

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing sugars from lignocellulosic biomass, comprising: drying lignocellulosic biomass; hydrolyzing the dried feedstock with a hydrolysis catalyst to reach high conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to sugars; washing and/or separating the sugars from the residual solids (containing lignin and catalyst); combusting the residual solids to burn the lignin and produce an ash stream comprising the hydrolysis catalyst; recycling the ash stream comprising the hydrolysis catalyst to the hydrolysis reactor; and recovering the sugars. Some variations envision drying a feedstock (e.g., sugarcane straw) with flue gas, then mixing with catalysts, rotating until hydrolysis is completed, separating sugars, washing out catalyst and lignin, burning catalyst and lignin and collecting catalyst from the bottom of a fluidized bed to recycle the catalyst to the front (with fresh biomass). Alternatively, the catalyst may be first separated from lignin and only the lignin is burned.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了一种由木质纤维素生物质生产糖的方法，包括：干燥木质纤维素生物质; 用水解催化剂水解干燥的原料以达到纤维素和半纤维素转化为糖的高转化率; 洗涤和/或从残留固体中分离糖（含有木质素和催化剂）; 燃烧残余固体以燃烧木质素并产生包含水解催化剂的灰分流; 将包含水解催化剂的灰分流回到水解反应器; 并回收糖。 一些变化设想用烟道气干燥原料（例如，甘蔗秸秆），然后与催化剂混合，旋转直到水解完成，分离糖，洗涤催化剂和木质素，燃烧催化剂和木质素，并从流化床的底部收集催化剂 将催化剂再循环到前面（用新鲜的生物质）。 或者，催化剂可以首先与木质素分离，并且只有木质素被燃烧。

公开(公告)号：WO2015200232A2

公开(公告)日：2015-12-30

申请号：PCT/US2015/037043

申请日：2015-06-23

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： RETSINA, Theodora ,  NELSON, Kimberly

IPC: C08L1/00

CPC classification number: C08B15/02 ,  C08B15/00 ,  C08B15/04 ,  C08B15/08 ,  C08J7/12 ,  C08K9/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C09D101/04

Abstract: A composition comprising nanocellulose is disclosed, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. The nanocellulose may be in the form of cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibrils, or both. The nanocellulose is characterized by a crystallinity of at least 80%, an onset of thermal decomposition of 300F or higher, and a low light transmittance over the range 400-700 nm. Other variations provide a composition comprising lignin-coated hydrophobic nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains very low or essentially no sulfur content. Some variations provide a composition comprising nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose contains about 0.1 wt% equivalent sulfur content, or less, as SO4 groups chemically or physically bound to the nanocellulose. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose contains essentially no hydrogen atoms (apart from hydrogen structurally contained in nanocellulose itself) bound to the nanocellulose. Various compositions, materials, and products may incorporate the nanocellulose compositions disclosed herein.

Abstract translation: 公开了包含纳米纤维素的组合物，其中所述纳米纤维素含有非常低或基本上不含硫含量。 纳米纤维素可以是纤维素纳米晶体，纤维素纳米纤丝或两者的形式。 纳米纤维素的特征在于至少80％的结晶度，300°F或更高的热分解开始，以及400-700nm范围内的低透光率。 其它变化提供包含木质素包被的疏水性纳米纤维素的组合物，其中所述纳米纤维素含有非常低或基本上不含硫含量。 一些变型提供包含纳米纤维素的组合物，其中纳米纤维素含有约0.1重量％当量的硫含量，或更少，因为SO4基团与纳米纤维素化学或物理结合。 在一些实施方案中，纳米纤维素基本上不含与纳米纤维素结合的氢原子（除了结构上包含在纳米纤维本身中的氢之外）。 各种组合物，材料和产品可以并入本文公开的纳米纤维素组合物。

公开(公告)号：WO2015100445A1

公开(公告)日：2015-07-02

申请号：PCT/US2014/072453

申请日：2014-12-27

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： RETSINA, Theodora ,  PYLKKANEN, Vesa ,  ZEBROSKI, Ryan

IPC: C12P19/02 ,  C08B1/00

CPC classification number: C13K1/02 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K13/002 ,  Y02E50/16

Abstract: In some variations, this invention provides a process for producing fermentable sugars from cellulosic biomass, comprising: extracting biomass with steam or hot water to produce an extract liquor containing hemicellulose oligomers, dissolved lignin, and cellulose-rich solids; separating and washing the cellulose-rich solids; removing a portion of glucan contained in the washed cellulose-rich solids as glucose oligomers using a liquefaction-focused blend of enzymes; co-hydrolyzing glucose oligomers and hemicellulose oligomers, with enzymes or chemical catalyst, to produce glucose and hemicellulose monomers; and recovering the glucose and hemicellulose monomers as fermentable sugars. The liquefaction-focused blend of enzymes contains endoglucanases and exoglucanases. Optionally, the glucose and the hemicellulose monomers may be recovered as separate streams. The residual cellulose (not hydrolyzed) as well as the lignin may be recovered and combusted, or utilized for other purposes, such as for energy-dense pellets.

Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种从纤维素生物质生产可发酵糖的方法，其包括：用蒸汽或热水提取生物质以产生含有半纤维素低聚物，溶解的木质素和富含纤维素的固体的提取液; 分离和洗涤富含纤维素的固体; 使用液化聚焦的酶将所洗涤的富含纤维素的固体中含有的一部分葡聚糖作为葡萄糖寡聚物除去; 用酶或化学催化剂共同水解葡萄糖寡聚体和半纤维素寡聚物以产生葡萄糖和半纤维素单体; 并将葡萄糖和半纤维素单体作为可发酵糖回收。 液化聚焦的混合物​​含有内切葡聚糖酶和外切葡聚糖酶。 任选地，葡萄糖和半纤维素单体可以作为单独的流回收。 残留的纤维素（未水解）以及木质素可以回收和燃烧，或用于其它目的，例如用于能量密度的颗粒。

公开(公告)号：WO2014106221A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-03

申请号：PCT/US2013/078391

申请日：2013-12-31

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： RETSINA, Theodora ,  PYLKKANEN, Vesa ,  NELSON, Kimberly ,  SAMP, James

IPC: C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/04 ,  C12P19/12

CPC classification number: C12P19/02 ,  C08B37/0003 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H6/00 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C3/222

Abstract: In some variations, the invention provides a process for fractionating biomass, comprising: fractionating the biomass in the presence of a solvent for lignin, sulfur dioxide, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin; hydrolyzing the hemicellulose contained in the liquor, to produce hemicellulosic monomers; hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to produce glucose; and recovering the hemicellulosic monomers and the glucose, as fermentable sugars, wherein a metal sulfite or metal bisulfite additive is introduced to react directly or indirectly with lignin to produce sulfonated lignin. The disclosed processes may enhance lignin separations as well as promote the co-product potential of lignin.

Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种用于分馏生物质的方法，包括：在木素，二氧化硫和水的溶剂存在下分解生物质，以产生含有半纤维素，富含纤维素的固体和木质素的液体; 水解液体中所含的半纤维素，以产生半纤维素单体; 水解富含纤维素的固体产生葡萄糖; 并回收半纤维素单体和葡萄糖作为可发酵糖，其中引入金属亚硫酸盐或金属亚硫酸氢盐添加剂直接或间接与木质素反应以产生磺化的木质素。 所公开的方法可以增强木质素分离以及促进木质素的共同产物潜力。

公开(公告)号：WO2014105610A1

公开(公告)日：2014-07-03

申请号：PCT/US2013/076431

申请日：2013-12-19

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： RETSINA, Theodora ,  PYLKKANEN, Vesa

IPC: D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/26 ,  D21C3/20 ,  C08B1/00 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C08B37/14

CPC classification number: C13K13/002 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21C11/0014 ,  Y02P40/44

Abstract: In some variations, the invention provides a process for fractionating biomass, comprising: in a digestor, fractionating a biomass feedstock in the presence of a solvent for lignin, sulfur dioxide, and water, to produce a liquor containing hemicellulose, cellulose-rich solids, and lignin; substantially removing the celluloserich solids from the liquor; hydrolyzing the hemicellulose contained in the liquor, to produce hemicellulosic monomers; hydrolyzing the cellulose-rich solids to produce glucose; neutralizing, with lime, a hydrolysate liquid containing the hemicellulosic monomers and the glucose, thereby generating gypsum; heating the gypsum to form calcium sulfate; reducing the calcium sulfate with a reductant (such as syngas) to generate calcium oxide and sulfur dioxide; and recycling the calcium oxide and the sulfur dioxide. In other variations, magnesium oxide is the base from neutralizing the hydrolysate, and the resulting magnesium sulfate is converted back to magnesium oxide and sulfur dioxide through combustion.

Abstract translation: 在一些变型中，本发明提供了一种用于分馏生物质的方法，其包括：在消化器中，在木素，二氧化硫和水的溶剂存在下分离生物质原料，以产生含有半纤维素，富含纤维素的固体， 和木质素; 从液体中大量除去纤维素固体; 水解液体中所含的半纤维素，以产生半纤维素单体; 水解富含纤维素的固体产生葡萄糖; 用石灰中和含有半纤维素单体和葡萄糖的水解液，从而产生石膏; 加热石膏形成硫酸钙; 用还原剂（如合成气）还原硫酸钙以产生氧化钙和二氧化硫; 并回收氧化钙和二氧化硫。 在其它变体中，氧化镁是中和水解产物的碱，通过燃烧将得到的硫酸镁转化成氧化镁和二氧化硫。

公开(公告)号：WO2014099186A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-26

申请号：PCT/US2013/069777

申请日：2013-11-13

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： RETSINA, Theodora ,  PYLKKANEN, Vesa

IPC: C12P19/02 ,  C08B1/00 ,  C08H7/00

CPC classification number: C13K1/02 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  D21C3/06

Abstract: Aspects of the AVAP® and Green Power+® technologies may be integrated, as disclosed herein. The present invention, in some variations, couples a first step of steam or hot-water extraction of biomass, with fractionation of the resulting solids using sulfur dioxide (or other acid), an alcohol (or other solvent), and water. In other variations, a first step of fractionation with sulfur dioxide (or other acid), an alcohol (or other solvent), and water is followed by treatment with steam or hot water to reduce hemicellulose content of the final solids. Some embodiments provide cellulose materials with low lignin and low hemicellulose content. Such cellulose materials are useful for making glucose by hydrolysis, as a pulp product, or as purified cellulose for making cellulose derivatives.

Abstract translation: 可以集成AVAP®和Green Power +®技术的各个方面，如本文所述。 在一些变型中，本发明使用二氧化硫（或其它酸），醇（或其它溶剂）和水分别分离生成物的蒸汽或热水提取第一步骤。 在其它变型中，用二氧化硫（或其它酸），醇（或其它溶剂）和水分级的第一步骤之后，用蒸汽或热水处理以降低最终固体的半纤维素含量。 一些实施方案提供具有低木质素和低半纤维素含量的纤维素材料。 这样的纤维素材料可用于通过水解制造葡​​萄糖，作为纸浆产品，或用作制备纤维素衍生物的纯化纤维素。

公开(公告)号：WO2014085729A1

公开(公告)日：2014-06-05

申请号：PCT/US2013/072441

申请日：2013-11-28

Applicant: API INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY HOLDINGS, LLC

Inventor： NELSON, Kimberly ,  RETSINA, Theodora ,  PYLKKANEN, Vesa ,  O'CONNOR, Ryan

IPC: C08B15/08

CPC classification number: C08B15/08 ,  C07G1/00 ,  C08B15/00 ,  C08B15/02 ,  C08B37/0057 ,  C08H8/00 ,  C08L1/02 ,  C12P7/04 ,  C12P7/10 ,  C12P7/14 ,  C12P7/16 ,  C12P7/28 ,  C12P7/46 ,  C12P7/56 ,  C12P19/02 ,  C12P19/14 ,  C12P2201/00 ,  C12P2203/00 ,  C13K1/02 ,  D21C3/04 ,  D21C3/06 ,  D21C3/20 ,  D21C5/00 ,  D21C5/005 ,  D21C9/002 ,  D21C9/007 ,  D21C9/10 ,  D21C11/0007 ,  D21H11/18 ,  Y02E50/16 ,  Y02P40/44

Abstract: Processes disclosed are capable of converting biomass into high-crystallinity nanocellulose with surprisingly low mechanical energy input. In some variations, the process includes fractionating biomass with an acid (such as sulfur dioxide), a solvent (such as ethanol), and water, to generate cellulose-rich solids and a liquid containing hemicellulose and lignin; and mechanically treating the cellulose-rich solids to form nanofibrils and/or nanocrystals. The total mechanical energy may be less than 500 kilowatt-hours per ton. The crystallinity of the nanocellulose material may be 80% or higher, translating into good reinforcing properties for composites.

Abstract translation: 所公开的方法能够将生物质转化成具有惊人的低机械能输入的高结晶度纳米纤维素。 在一些变型中，该方法包括用酸（例如二氧化硫），溶剂（例如乙醇）和水分解生物质，以产生富含纤维素的固体和含有半纤维素和木质素的液体; 并机械处理富含纤维素的固体以形成纳米原纤维和/或纳米晶体。 总机械能可能小于500千瓦时/吨。 纳米纤维素材料的结晶度可以为80％以上，转化为复合材料的良好的增强性能。