Abstract:
Methods and apparatus are provided for determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample, such as an analyte in a sample of bodily fluid. Some embodiments use a synchronous demodulator and digital filter to reduce microphonic signal content. Some embodiments monitor the microphonic signal content and "hold off" on making a measurement until vibrations subside. Monitoring can be performed using an accelerometer or other vibration sensor. An algorithm can be used to examine the detector output signal and detect excessive microphonic components, making an accelerometer unnecessary.
Abstract:
Described is a system for analyzing a body fluid of a patient comprises a fluid transport network having a patient end configured to provide fluid communication with the body fluid in the patient and a fluid delivery point spaced from the patient end. A pump system (203) is coupled to the fluid transport network. The pump system has an infusion mode in which the pump system is operable to pump an infusion fluid toward the patient end of the fluid transport network and a draw mode in which the pump system is operable to draw the body fluid from the patient into the fluid transport network through the patient end. At least one electrochemical test element is located near the fluid delivery point of the fluid transport network. The electrochemical test element (9520) is positioned to receive a portion of the body fluid delivered to the delivery point by the fluid transport network. An analyte detection system (334) is configured to receive the test element and to measure at least one analyte in the portion of the body fluid.
Abstract:
A method of extracting and analyzing bodily fluids from a patient at the point of care for the patient is provided. The method comprises establishing fluid communication between an analyte detection system 334, 1700 and a bodily fluid in the patient. A portion of the bodily fluid is drawn from the patient. The drawn portion is separated into a first component of the bodily fluid, while the analyte detection system 334, 1700 remains in fluid communication with the patient. The analyte detection system 334, 1700 analyzes the first component to measure a concentration of an analyte.
Abstract:
An apparatus is provided for monitoring a predetermined parameter of a patient's body fluid while infusing an infusion fluid into the patient. The apparatus comprises an infusion line and a catheter configured for insertion into a blood vessel of the patient, and a reversible infusion pump connected between a source of an infusion fluid and the infusion line and catheter. The apparatus further comprises a body fluid sensor assembly mounted in fluid communication with the infusion line and which includes a first sensor and a sample cell. The first sensor provides a signal indicative of a predetermined parameter of any fluid present in the infusion line. The sample cell is substantially transmissive to light comprising a wavelength ?. The apparatus further comprises a controller that is configured to operate the infusion pump in a forward direction so as to pump the infusion fluid through the infusion line and catheter for infusion into the patient. The controller is configured to intermittently interrupt its operating of the infusion pump in the forward direction to operate the infusion pump in a rearward direction so as to draw a body fluid sample from the patient through the catheter and infusion line. The body fluid sample drawn from the patient is disposed such that a first portion of the body fluid sample is in sensing contact with the first sensor of the body fluid sensor assembly, and a second portion of the body fluid sample is disposed within the sample cell of the body fluid sensor assembly. The controller further is configured to monitor the signal provided by the first sensor of the body fluid sensor assembly and to detect a change in the signal indicative of the arrival of the body fluid sample at the first sensor. The controller, in response to detecting the arrival of the body fluid sample at the first sensor, is configured to cease its operating of the infusion pump in the rearward direction. The signal produced by the first sensor provides an indication of a predetermined parameter of the patient's body fluid when the body fluid sample is in sensing contact with the first sensor.
Abstract:
An analyte detection system (1709) for analysis of a body fluid is provided, comprising an analysis portion and a sample collection portion which is configured to be removably coupled to the analysis portion. The analysis portion comprises a detector (250) configured to detect electromagnetic radiation and a source of electromagnetic radiation (220). The source is positioned with respect to the detector such that electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source is received by the detector. The sample collection portion comprises a housing, a lance (1704) and a sample chamber (1734). The lance is mounted within and moveable with respect to the housing. The sample chamber is configured to be positionable, upon coupling of the sample collection portion to the analysis portion, with respect to the source and detector such that at least a portion of any electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source passes through the sample chamber prior to being received by the detector.
Abstract:
An analyte detection system (10) is configured to measure concentrations of at least first and second analytes in a single material sample supported by a sample element (120, 302, 402, 602). The measurement of a second analyte can be conditioned on a quantitative or qualitative result of the first measurement. In one embodiment, the first analyte is glucose and the second analyte is a ketone. According to such an embodiment the ketone is measured if the result of the glucose measurement exceeds a previously-specified value or falls outside of a previously-specified range.
Abstract:
An analyte detection system (1709) for analysis of a body fluid is provided, comprising an analysis portion and a sample collection portion which is configured to be removably coupled to the analysis portion. The analysis portion comprises a detector (250) configured to detect electromagnetic radiation and a source of electromagnetic radiation (220). The source is positioned with respect to the detector such that electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source is received by the detector. The sample collection portion comprises a housing, a lance (1741) and a sample chamber (1734). The lance is mounted within and moveable with respect to the housing. The sample chamber is configured to be positionable, upon coupling of the sample collection portion to the analysis portion, with respect to the source and detector such that at least a portion of any electromagnetic radiation emitted by the source passes through the sample chamber prior to being received by the detector.
Abstract:
A device and method for determining analyte concentrations within a material sample are provided. A modulating temperature gradient is induced in the sample and resultant, emitted infrared radiation is measured at selected analyte absorbance peaks (K) and reference wavelengths(J, L). The modulating temperature gradient is controlled by a surface temperature modulation. One embodiment provides a transfer function relating the surface temperature modulation to a modulation of the measured infrared radiation. Phase and magnitude differences in the transfer function are detected in the presence of the sought-after analyte. These phase and magnitude differences, having a relationship to analyte concentration, are measured, correlated and processed to determine analyte concentration in the material sample. Another embodiment provides a method for transforming thermal phase spectra to absorption spectra for consistent determination of analyte concentration within the sample.
Abstract:
A device and method are provided for use with a noninvasive optical measurement system, such as a thermal gradient spectrometer, for improved determination of analyte concentrations within living tissue. In one embodiment, a wearable window (100) is secured to a patient's forearm thereby isolating a measurement site on the patient's skin for determination of blood glucose levels. The wearable window (100) effectively replaces a window of the spectrometer, and thus forms an interface between the patient's skin and a thermal mass window of the spectrometer. When the spectrometer must be temporarily removed from the patient's skin, such as to allow the patient mobility, the wearable window (100) is left secured to the forearm so as to maintain a consistent measurement site on the skin. When the spectrometer is later reattached to the patient, the wearable window (100) will again form an interface between the spectrometer and the same location of skin as before.
Abstract:
An embodiment of an analyte detection system includes a fluid transport network having a patient end configured to provide fluid communication with a body fluid in a patient. The system includes a body fluid analyzer, accessible via the fluid transport network, configured to measure a level of an analyte of interest in the body fluid. A pump unit having a sample input mode and an infusion mode may be coupled to the fluid transport network. The system also includes a user interface for communication with the body fluid analyzer. The user interface may include an input element (4946) configured to accept user input corresponding to a patient health event. In some embodiments, the patient health event includes a patient health action or information relevant to clinical interpretation of data pertaining to measured analyte levels. The user interface may include a trend display portion (4922) that includes a trend indicator,, which depicts a trend in determined levels of the analyte of interest. The trend display portion may also include at least one of a high-level indicator (4936) corresponding to a relatively high level of the analyte and a low-level indicator (4938) corresponding to a relatively low level of the analyte.