摘要:
The present invention provides method and system for operating reactor units (102) in a process plant. In one embodiment, the process control system (100) comprises a reactor unit (102) provided with an enclosure (104) capable of producing a solute (126) and a residue (130), and automatic control valves (106, 108). The system (100) comprises a first sensor (116) disposed in the enclosure (104) and a second sensor (118) positioned in the discharge pipe (112). The system (100) comprises a control unit (120) which determines formation of a phase (128) between the layer of the solute (126) and the layer of the residue (130) based on process status inputs from the first sensor (116). The control unit (120, 602) operates the automatic control valves (106, 108) based on process status inputs from the second sensor (118) such that the solute (126) and the residue (130) are separately discharged.
摘要:
Devices and methods for determining the cumulative distribution of a polymer property in a reactor without physical separation of reaction subcomponents. The device includes a means of measuring an instantaneous property of the polymers being produced in a reaction vessel a plurality of times during a polymerization reaction as well as a means of determining the corresponding change in polymer concentration in the reaction vessel between measurements of the instantaneous polymer property The device also includes a means of computing a statistical distribution appropriate to the polymer characteristic and applying the statistical distribution to a recently measured instantaneous value of the polymer property so as to have an instantaneous distribution of the polymer property and a means of adding together the instantaneous distributions of the polymer property in order to obtain the cumulative distribution of the polymer property in the reactor.
摘要:
A chemical reactor (e.g. reformer reactor) system includes a manifold (126) for management of a flow of gaseous reaction medium thereto. Manifold (126) includes manifold housing (128) defining manifold chamber (129) and having at least one additional component selected from: a gas distributor (127); a heater; and a cavity having a seal within or adjacent to it.
摘要:
Apparatus for microwave heating of hydrocarbon fluid inside a resonant cavity where the hydrocarbon fluid is loaded into a pipe that extends through the resonant cavity between an inlet and outlet with a central point located centrally therebetween. The resonant cavity focuses microwave radiation to a localized area occupied by the pipe such that the power density distribution along the pipe length has a peak located at a point offset from the central point between the central point and the outlet. In another aspect, the resonant cavity can have a variable volume that resonates microwave radiation at different resonant frequencies. The apparatus can be configured to heat hydrocarbon fluid to a reaction temperature suitable for visbreaking of the hydrocarbon fluid. The reaction temperature can be in the range of 350C to 500C, which is suitable for visbreaking of heavy oil.
摘要:
Integrated liquid fuel catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reformer (401) and fuel cell systems (467) can include a plurality or an array of spaced-apart CPOX reactor units (408), each reactor unit (408) including an elongate tube having a gas-permeable wall with internal and external surfaces, the wall enclosing an open gaseous flow passageway with at least a portion of the wall having CPOX catalyst disposed therein and/or comprising its structure. The catalyst-containing wall structure and open gaseous flow passageway enclosed thereby define a gaseous phase CPOX reaction zone (409), the catalyst-containing wall section being gas-permeable to allow gaseous CPOX reaction mixture to diffuse therein and hydrogen rich product reformate to diffuse therefrom. The liquid fuel CPOX reformer also can include a vaporizer (415), one or more igniters (435), and a source of liquid reformable fuel. The hydrogen-rich reformate can be converted to electricity within a fuel cell unit integrated with the liquid fuel CPOX reactor unit.
摘要:
A liquid fuel reformer includes a fuel vaporizer which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater, operable in the start-up mode of the reformer, and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone.
摘要:
A process of controlling hydroformylation reaction fluid temperature involves controlling the flow rate of reaction fluid through an external heat exchanger.
摘要:
A method is disclosed for controlling retention time in a reactor, such as an autoclave, having a plurality of compartments separated by dividers with underflow openings. A retention time of the reaction mixture is calculated and compared with an optimal retention time, and the volumes of the reaction mixture in the compartments are adjusted while maintaining the flow rate of the reaction mixture, so as to change the retention time to a value which is closer to the optimal retention time. The reactor may include a level sensor in the last compartment for generating volume data; a control valve for controlling the liquid level in the last compartment; and a controller which receives volume data from the level sensor and controls operation of the control valve.
摘要:
The disclosure provides a gas collection apparatus. The present apparatus may be used, for example, in a system for producing biocoal or biochar or bio-oil from biomass. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a thermochemical biomass reactor. The present gas collection apparatus may be part of a syngas management system. Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a gas collection apparatus for fluidly communicating with a retort of a biomass reactor, said collection apparatus comprising two or more gas collection pipes in fluid communication with spaced apart sections of said retort; and a gas collection manifold in fluid communication with said pipes. The gas collection apparatus is designed such that the gases collected by one pipe do not mix with those collected by another within the piping network.
摘要:
A method of particulate matter agglomeration enables cost effective and efficient filtration of small particles. The method includes receiving a colloid including colloidal particles; introducing carrier particles into the colloid, where the carrier particles are generally larger than the colloidal particles; and applying ultrasonic energy to both the colloid and the carrier particles to cause the colloidal particles to agglomerate with the carrier particles.