Abstract:
The disclosure relates to processes for upgrading heavy hydrocarbon oils such as heavy crude oils, atmospheric residuum, vacuum residuum, heavy oils from catalytic treatment, heavy cycle oils from fluid catalytic cracking, thermal tars, as oils from visbreaking, oils from oil sands, bitumen, deasphlter rock, and heavy oils derived from coal. The process utilizes a utility fluid including recycled liquid hydroprocessed product containing a significant amount of single or multi-ring aromatics. Unlike conventional fixed bed resid hydroprocessing, the process can be operated at temperatures pressures and reactor conditions that favor the desired hydrocracking reactions over aromatics hydrogenation reduce the coking tendencies of heavy hydrocarbon oils.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a multiple-bed downflow reactor (10) comprising vertically spaced beds (12, 13) of solid contact material and a mixing device (20) positioned in an inter bed space (19) between adjacent beds (12, 13). The mixing device (20) comprises a loop of first nozzles (40) distributed around a vertical axis (11) and arranged for ejecting a fluid in a first ejection direction (41) into said inter bed space (19), on the one hand, and a loop of second nozzles (50) distributed around the vertical axis (11) and arranged for ejecting a fluid in a second ejection direction (51) into said inter bed space (19), on the other hand. The first ejection direction (41) is directed inwardly with respect to the loop of first nozzles (40). The second ejection direction (51) is directed outwardly with respect to the loop of second nozzles (50).
Abstract:
The invention relates to an arrangement for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system comprising means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor system comprising a fixed-bed reactor comprising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor. Also a method is provided for feeding heat-sensitive feedstock to a fixed-bed reactor system wherein said fixed-bed re- actor system comprises means for product recycle and a fixed-bed reactor com- prising at least one reaction zone having at least one catalyst bed and said reaction zone comprising a cold feed distributor arranged on top of each catalyst bed and a conventional distributor arranged above each cold feed distributor.
Abstract:
One exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be a fired heater for a hydrocarbon conversion process. The fired heater includes inlet and outlet headers or manifolds, a set of heater tubes with each heater tube having an inlet and an outlet, at least one restriction orifice adjacent the inlet of at least one heater tube. The restriction orifice may be within the inlet manifold and adjacent the inlet of a heater tube, or between the inlet manifold and the inlet to the heater tube. A process may include passing a hydrocarbon stream through the fired heater described herein during the course of operating a hydrocarbon conversion process.
Abstract:
L'invention concerne un procédé d'hydrotraitement catalytique d'une charge d'origine pétrolière de type gazole et d'une charge d'origine biologique à base d'huiles végétales et/ou graisses animales dans une unité d'hydrotraitement, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité d'hydrotraitement comprend au moins un réacteur d'hydrotraitement fonctionnant à contre-courant. L'invention a aussi pour objet une unité d'hydrotraitement pour la mise en œuvre dudit procédé, et une unité d'hydro raffinage correspondante.
Abstract:
A method for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon synthesis product feed to form upgraded fuels and lubricating oils. In a preferred embodiment, the method includes the steps of: (a) contacting a Fischer-Tropsch product with a hydroprocessing catalyst to produce a desired distillate; and (b) counter-currently stripping the desired distillate as it is produced. The method may include distilling the desired distillate or distilling the treated Fischer-Tropsch product.
Abstract:
A process for producing debenzenized and isomerized complex refinery streams, such as gasoline blending stock, by hydrogenating benzene, contained in a mixed hydrocarbon stream in which for example a reformate naphtha stream containing benzene is hydrogenated with a selective hydrogenation catalyst to convert benzene into cyclohexane and contacting the debenzenized stream containing cyclohexane with a selective isomerization catalyst to isomerize cyclohexane to methyl cyclopentane and incidentally at the same time isomerize normal paraffins to the corresponding isoparaffins.
Abstract:
A process for removal of acetylenic compounds from hydrocarbon streams in which a hydrocarbon feed having a target fraction which contains a first concentration of acetylenic compounds and olefins is contacted with a catalyst selective for the hydrogenation of acetylenic compounds in the presence of hydrogen and a solvent having a boiling point higher than the boiling of the target fraction in a distillation reaction zone under conditions of temperature, pressure and hydrogen concentration favoring the hydrogenation of acetylenic compounds in which the target fraction is recovered as overheads having a second concentration of acetylenic compounds lower than said first concentration and the solvent is recovered as bottoms.
Abstract:
A process for desulphurising and dewaxing a hydrocarbon feedstock boiling in the gasoil boiling range to obtain a desulphurised and dewaxed gasoil fraction for use in an ultra low sulphur diesel fuel, comprising the following steps: (a) hydrodesulphurising the hydrocarbon feedstock boiling in the gasoil boiling range by contacting the feedstock in a hydrodesulphurisation reaction zone at elevated temperature and pressure, in the presence of hydrogen, with a hydrodesulphurisation catalyst and withdrawing a liquid hydrodesulphurisation effluent from the reaction zone; (b) catalytically dewaxing the liquid hydrodesulphurisation effluent to obtain a desulphurised and dewaxed gasoil fraction by contacting the liquid hydrodesulphurisation effluent, at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen, with a stacked bed of catalysts having a first upstream bed of noble metal containing hydrofinishing catalyst and a second downstream bed of noble metal containing dewaxing catalyst, wherein hydrogen and the liquid effluent are countercurrently supplied to the stacked bed of catalysts.