Abstract:
The present invention provides apparatuses and processes for producing high octane fuel from synthesis gas. The process combines transalkylation and zeolite-forming/aromatization in conjunction with a single recycle loop configuration in order to effectively promote the fuel quality, particularly octane rating. The process involves adding a step for enriching octane of the fuel coming from the single recycle loop process. Preferably, the enrichment step takes place in an octane enrichment reactor containing two different catalysts, a zeolite-forming/aromatization catalyst followed by a transalkylation catalyst. The final fuel product preferably has an octane of about 92 to about 112.
Abstract:
A reforming process includes an endpoint reduction zone for converting C 11+ components via selective hydrogenation and hydrodealkylation to lower boiling point aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, or their single ring aromatic C 9 -C 10 precursors.
Abstract:
A process for reforming a hydrocarbon stream is presented. The process involves splitting a naphtha feedstream to at least two feedstreams and passing each feedstream to separation reformers. The reformers are operated under different conditions to utilize the differences in the reaction properties of the different hydrocarbon components. The process utilizes a common catalyst, and common downstream processes for recovering the desired aromatic compounds generated.
Abstract:
One exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be a fired heater for a hydrocarbon conversion process. The fired heater includes inlet and outlet headers or manifolds, a set of heater tubes with each heater tube having an inlet and an outlet, at least one restriction orifice adjacent the inlet of at least one heater tube. The restriction orifice may be within the inlet manifold and adjacent the inlet of a heater tube, or between the inlet manifold and the inlet to the heater tube. A process may include passing a hydrocarbon stream through the fired heater described herein during the course of operating a hydrocarbon conversion process.
Abstract:
An exemplary process can include passing a hydrocarbon stream through a reforming unit (100). The reforming unit (100) may include a heater (210), which in turn generally includes a convection section (230) and a radiant section (250), and a plurality of reforming reaction zones. Generally, the hydrocarbon stream is heated in the convection section (230) for reacting in one of the reforming reaction zones (412) to which the hydrocarbon stream is sent and the hydrocarbon stream is heated in the radiant section (250) of the heater for reacting in the other reforming reaction zone (418) to which the hydrocarbon stream is sent.
Abstract:
The instant invention relates to a catalyst system and its use in the production of high octane, low sulfur naphtha products through skeletal isomerization of feed olefins and hydrotreating with the optional removal of basic nitrogen-containing compounds.
Abstract:
A countercurrent process for the alkylation of organic aromatic materials with olefins which takes place in a multi-phase system. The aromatic material is in the liquid phase; the olefin is in the gaseous phase; and the catalyst is in the solid phase. The olefinic material is fed below the catalyst bed in the gaseous phase and the aromatic material is fed as a liquid phase above the catalyst bed under conditions of temperature and pressure to maintain the aromatic and alkyl aromatic product in the liquid phase and the olefins in the vapor phase.
Abstract:
An integrated process for increasing C6 to C8 aromatics content in reformate prepared from C9 aromatics-containing feed comprises: 1) pretreating a raw naphtha feedstream containing C9 aromatics and sulfur by contacting with a) a hydrodesulfurization catalyst under hydrodesulfurization conditions to produce a hydrodesulfurized feedstream and thereafter b) cascading said hydrodesulfurized feedstream over a noble metal- and/or Group VIA metal-containing porous crystalline inorganic oxide catalyst comprising pores having openings of 12-member rings under conditions sufficient to effect conversion of C9 aromatics, thereby providing a pretreated effluent stream of enhanced C8 aromatics content relative to that obtained in the absence of said cascading; and 2) reforming at least a portion of said pretreated effluent stream to provide a reformate stream.
Abstract:
A process for upgrading low octane naphtha (10) to produce gasoline products (16) having low levels of benzene and aromatics. A paraffinic naphtha feed is dehaxanized (11) to provide a fraction which has seven or more carbon content wherein such fraction is fed to a reformer (13). The reformer effluent is subsequently upgraded (21) to produce high content gasoline.
Abstract:
A naphtha feed is contacted in a penultimate reforming stage under catalytic reforming conditions with a first catalyst. The effluent from the penultimate reforming stage is contacted in a final reforming stage under catalytic reforming conditions and at substantially the same pressure as is maintained in the penultimate reforming stage with a second catalyst. The reforming pressure is selected to provide optimal OB/CD production of product reformate of a desired RON from the final stage.