Abstract:
The invention relates to a safe and efficient process for the nitrate ester formation of an α,ω-C3-10alkanediol monoacylate. The process is safer to operators and allows to obtain advantageous yields on industrial scale.
Abstract:
The application relates to a process for preparing a (meth)acrylic acid diester by reacting a (meth)acrylic acid anhydride with an epoxide in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a first and/or second catalyst in combination with a co-catalyst. The first catalyst is a halide of Mg or a trifluoromethanesulfonate of a rare earth element; the second catalyst is a Cr(lll) salt; and the co- catalyst is a tertiary amine, a quaternary ammonium salt, a tertiary phosphine or a quaternary phosphonium salt.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a carotenoid mono-ester of the formula (I), including the stereoisomers of formula (I), wherein, R 1 is e.g. hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 -alkyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, C 4 -C 20 -alkdienyl, C 6 -C 20 -alktrienyl or C 8 -C 20 - alktetraenyl, R 2 is e.g. hydrogen or -NR a R b , wherein R a is e.g. hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, -C(O)-C 1 -C 3 -alkyl, -Boc or -Cbz, R b is e.g. hydrogen or C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, R 3 is e.g. hydrogen, and X 1 , X 2 are independently from each other CH 2 or C=O, which comprises reacting a phosphonium salt of the formula (II) or a stereoisomer thereof: formula (II) wherein X 1 is as defined for formula (I), R 4 is phenyl, tert-butyl or tolyl, and Y - is a suitable counteranion, with a 12'-apocarotenal ester of the formula (III) or a stereoisomer thereof: formula (III) wherein X 2 , R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are as defined for formula (I), in the presence of a base or a cryptobase.
Abstract:
A process is disclosed for the production of vinyl acetate where a mixture of ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen is reacted in the presence of a catalyst to produce a product mixture of vinyl acetate, ethylene, carbon dioxide, acetic acid, water, ethyl acetate, and ethylene glycol diacetate. The product mixture contains both a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, which are separated. The gas phase contains at least carbon dioxide, which is removed via gas stream. The crude vinyl acetate stream is removed via a liquid stream. The crude vinyl acetate is then further separated to isolate a stream containing at the majority of the ethylene glycol diacetate. The ethylene glycol diacetate stream is then methanolyzed in the presence of a methanolyzing catalyst, to recover methyl acetate, which can be optionally recycled as a feed stock to an acetic acid plant.
Abstract:
The invention relates to compounds of formula (I), in which R1, R2, R3, R4, X and Y are defined as cited in the description. The compounds have an immune-modulating action and inhibit or regulate the release of IL-1ß and/or TNF-a. They can therefore be used to treat diseases that involve disorders of the immune system.