摘要:
A process for fabricating devices is disclosed. Numerous devices (20) are formed on a substrate (10). The substrate is then placed on an adhesive tape (55) mounted on a dicing ring. The devices are then separated into individual chips by dicing the substrate. Prior to dicing, the substrate is coated with a material that is relatively insoluble in water. After the substrate is diced, the coating is removed by rinsing the substrate with an organic solvent in which the material is substantially soluble. The organic solvent dissolves the coating but does not dissolve the adhesive on the tape or otherwise adversely effect the adhesion between the tape and the substrate.
摘要:
An electronic device (300), such as an integrated circuit chip or a multichip module, is held in place overlying a circuit board (200) with which it is thermal expansion mismatched by means of three or more localized rigid support elements (243,253; 244,254; 245,255). The bottom surface of the chip is bonded to the top surface of preferably only one of these support elements (244,254) and can laterally slide along the top surfaces of the others in response to heating and cooling during electrical operations of the electronic device. In addition, the electronic device is encapsulated in a soft gel (400) that is held in place by means of a rigid plastic half-shell cover (500) that is epoxy-bonded in place along its perimeter (edge).
摘要:
Described are a process for soldering at least one component having solder bumps (12) to a substrate and a process for forming solder bumps (12) on metal pads (13) of an element, such as an IC package (10) or substrate (11) or both. The bumps (12) are formed by stencil printing solder paste deposits (21) on the metal pads (13), heating the solder paste deposits (21) to reflow temperature of the solder in the solder paste deposits (21), and allowing the molten solder in each deposit to coalesce and during subsequent cooling solidify forming the bumps (12) on the metal pads. The bumps are formed by conducting the stencil printing through apertures (20) in an ultra-thick stencil (19), the apertures (20) having trapezoidal crossection in the plane normal to the broad surfaces of the stencil with the top opening being smaller than the bottom opening and with the walls of the aperture sloping at an angle within a range of from 1 to 45 degrees from the vertical, the solder paste having a low tackiness and high metal loading, and the solder paste deposits (21) covering an area which is equal to or exceeds an area of the metal pad (13) in any ratio between 1.5:1 and 5:1. Bumps formed in this manner lead to the formation of reliable solder joints.
摘要:
An m- input/n- output (e.g., 2x2) optical fiber switch (10 M ) is disclosed which alters the location of the fibers (20, 22, 24, 26) by the application of an external force. Illustratively, the switch uses a housing with a diamond-shaped opening (11) extending therethrough, with pairs of optical fibers positioned in orthogonally located V-grooves (16, 18). Upon the application of an external force, the fibers are moved into the remaining, vacant V-grooves (13, 15) formed by the diamond-shaped opening. In a preferred embodiment, a (2x2) switch is magnetically activated. As mentioned above, switching into the alternate (e.g., transmit/receive) state of switch (10 M ) is accomplished by the use of appropriately placed soft magnetic (e.g., permalloy) pieces in conjunction with an applied electrical signal which propagates along a coil (17) encircling switch (10 M ). In one particular configuration, the soft magnetic pieces take the form of rods (46), (48), (50) and (58), (60), (62) which are disposed in V-grooves formed parallel to fiber-holding V-grooves (16) and (18). As shown, a first set of soft magnetic pieces (46), (48) and (50) are positioned within a first V-groove (52) located adjacent to interface (vacant) V-groove (15) of opening (11). The pieces are disposed such that gaps (54) and (56) between the adjacent pieces are substantially aligned with magnetic sleeves (36) and (32). Therefore, upon application of an electrical signal to coil (17) a magnetic field will be created in the gaps, causing sleeves (36) and (32) to be attracted to gaps (54) and (56), respectively. Thus, free ends (E₂₆), (E₂₂) of fibers (26) and (22) will move to occupy interface V-groove (15) such that optical coupling is achieved. In association with the system description, the coupling of fibers (22) and (26) may serve to connect the fiber entering the optical transmitter (fiber 26) to the fiber re-entering the communication ring (fiber 22).
摘要:
Paints and coatings involving titanium dioxide pigments generally degrade because of oxidation of the binder by reactants that are photochemically produced on the pigment surface, and because of direct oxidation by charges that are photogenerated in the pigment. This interaction is substantially reduced by avoiding reduced species and by introducing into the titanium dioxide trap states where photogenerated electron-hole pairs recombine such traps can be introduced by processes such as prolonged milling. Through these expedients, a substantial increase in the stability of the composition is obtained.