Abstract:
A hot cathode in a wire form that is useful in a vacuum tube, a CRT or a fluorescent display tube is disclosed. The cathode (4a) is composed of a heat-resistant metal (3) in a wire form that holds on it an electron-emitting metal material that is made of 0.2 - 20 wt% of a rare earth metal oxide in admixture with an alkaline earth metal oxide the balance of which contains at least barium oxide. The reduction of oxide barium to barium as a result of reaction with the cathode wire is so much retarded that an increased emission current will be produced from the cathode not only in its initial operation but also through out its operation.
Abstract:
An electron gun (1) having a cathode (11) of a lanthanum hexaboride single crystal is disclosed in which the axis of the cathode (11) is set to such a crystal orientation that the electron beam has two intensive emission regions which are asymmetrical with each other in intensity. In the electron gun ,(1), even at a low heating temperature of the cathode (11), a single spot of an image by the electron beam of a more intensive emission region since the electron beam of a weaker intensity emission region is blocked by an aperture (2).
Abstract:
Electron beam generator comprising an electron emitting device adapted to emit an electron beam when heated to an elevated temperature, wherein the electron emitting device comprises a filament having a spiral portion.
Abstract:
A cathode (110) with an improved work function, for use in a lithographic system, such as the SCALPEL™ system, which includes a buffer (114) between a substrate (112) and an emissive layer (116), where the buffer alters, randomizes, miniaturizes, and/or isolates the grain structure at a surface of the substrate to reduce the grain size, randomize crystal orientation and reduce the rate of crystal growth. The buffer layer may be a solid solution or a multiphase alloy. A method of making the cathode by depositing a buffer between a surface of the substrate and an emissive layer, where the deposited buffer alters, randomizes, miniaturizes, and/or isolates the grain structure at a surface of the substrate to reduce the grain size, randomize crystal orientation and reduce the rate of crystal growth.