摘要:
An analyzing method for deriving phase information by analyzing a periodic pattern of moiré comprises steps of: subjecting at least a part of the periodic pattern of moiré to a windowed Fourier transform by a window function; calculating analytically, based on the moiré subjected to the windowed Fourier transform, information of a first spectrum carrying the phase information, and information of a second spectrum superimposed on the information of the first spectrum; and separating the information of the first spectrum from the information of the second spectrum, to derive the phase information.
摘要:
Methods of fabricating a plurality of carbon nanotube-bundle probes on a substrate are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method includes the following: providing a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface; forming an array of electrically conductive pads on the top surface, the array of electrically conductive pads being formed to mirror an array of pads on an integrated circuit that is to be tested; applying a catalyst for promoting growth of carbon nanotubes on each of the array of electrically conductive pads; heating the substrate in a carbon-rich environment thereby growing nanotubes extending upwardly from each of the array of electrically conductive pads and above the top surface of the substrate thereby forming a plurality of carbon nanotube-bundle probes extending upwardly above the top surface of the substrate; and capping each of the plurality of carbon nanotube-bundle probes with an electrically conductive material.
摘要:
A method of obtaining an image of the phase change introduced by an object in penetrating radiation incident on the object includes irradiating the object with penetrating radiation having high lateral spatial coherence, and receiving at least a portion of the radiation at a detector after the radiation has emerged from the object and thereby obtaining and storing at least two intensity records for the received radiation each including intensity values at predetermined intervals. These values are utilised to derive a grid of values defining an image of the phase change introduced by the object in the penetrating radiation. The intensity records are obtained at a uniform finite distance after the radiation has emerged from the object, and are for respective different energy distributions of the detected radiation. Apparatus is also disclosed.
摘要:
The disclosed apparatus includes a multi-reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MR-TOF MS) (11) comprising a pair of grid- free ion mirrors (12), a drift space (13), an orthogonal ion accelerator (14), an optional deflector (15), an ion detector (16), a set of periodic lenses (17), and an edge deflector (18). To improve the duty cycle of the ion injection at a low repetition rate dictated by a long flight in the MR-TOF MS, multiple measures may be taken. The incoming ion beam and the accelerator may be oriented substantially transverse to the ion path in the MR-TOF, while the initial velocity of the ion beam is compensated by tilting the accelerator and steering the beam for the same angle. To further improve the duty cycle of any multi-reflecting or multi-turn mass spectrometer, the beam may be time-compressed by modulating the axial ion velocity with an ion guide. The residence time of the ions in the accelerator may be improved by trapping the beam within an electrostatic trap. Apparatuses with a prolonged residence time in the accelerator provide improvements in both sensitivity and resolution.
摘要:
A specimen enclosure assembly for use in an electron microscope and including a rigid specimen enclosure dish having an aperture and defining an enclosed specimen placement volume, an electron beam permeable, fluid impermeable, cover sealing the specimen placement volume at the aperture from a volume outside the enclosure and a pressure controller communicating with the enclosed specimen placement volume and being operative to maintain the enclosed specimen placement volume at a pressure which exceeds a vapor pressure of a liquid sample in the specimen placement volume and is greater than a pressure of a volume outside the enclosure, whereby a pressure differential across the cover does not exceed a threshold level at which rupture of the cover would occur. 2
摘要:
We disclose a gas injection system having at least one crucible, each crucible holding at least one deposition constituent; at least one transfer tube, the number of transfer tubes corresponding to the number of crucibles, each transfer tube being connected to a corresponding crucible. There is at least one metering valve, the number of metering valves corresponding to the number of transfer tubes, each metering valve being connected to a corresponding transfer tube so that the metering valve can measure and adjust vapor flow in the corresponding transfer tube. A sensor is provided capable of sensing reactions between deposition constituents and a focused ion beam A computer is connected to receive the output of the sensor; the computer is also connected to each metering valve to control the operation of the valve, and the computer is programmed to send control signals to each metering valve to control the operation of the valve; the control signals being computed responsive to feedback from the output of the sensor.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method and a device for optically scanning a sample (1). The basic structure of said device comprises at least one adjustment unit (2, 3) and at least one scanning device (4, 5). The sample (1) is displaced in relation to the scanning device (4, 5) by means of the adjustment unit (2, 3) impinged upon by a control system (6), or vice versa. According to the invention, adjustment values for the mechanical compensation of play are incorporated, filed in the control system (6) and taken into consideration during adjustment.