摘要:
A protected organoboronic acid includes a boron having an sp3 hybridization, a conformationally rigid protecting group bonded to the boron, and an organic group bonded to the boron through a boron-carbon bond. A method of performing a chemical reaction includes contacting a protected organoboronic acid with a reagent, the protected organoboronic acid including a boron having an sp3 hybridization, a conformationally rigid protecting group bonded to the boron, and an organic group bonded to the boron through a boron-carbon bond. The organic group is chemically transformed, and the boron is not chemically transformed.
摘要:
An ink composition for making a conductive silver structure comprises a silver salt and a complex of (a) a complexing agent and a short chain carboxylic acid or (b) a complexing agent and a salt of a short chain carboxylic acid, according to one embodiment. A method for making a silver structure entails combining a silver salt and a complexing agent, and then adding a short chain carboxylic acid or a salt of the short chain carboxylic acid to the combined silver salt and a complexing agent to form an ink composition. A concentration of the complexing agent in the ink composition is reduced to form a concentrated formulation, and the silver salt is reduced to form a conductive silver structure, where the concentrated formulation and the conductive silver structure are formed at a temperature of about 120° C. or less.
摘要:
Compounds and related methods for synthesis, and the use of compounds in therapy for the treatment of cancer and selective induction of apoptosis in cells are disclosed. Compounds are disclosed in connection with modification of procaspases such as procaspase-3, and particular embodiments are capable of direct activation of procaspase-3 and procaspase-7 to the effector forms of caspase-3 and caspase-7. Procaspase-3 levels can vary among cancer cell types; several types have relatively high levels and can have increased susceptibility to chemotherapy by compounds and methods herein. Therapeutic applications are relevant for a variety of cancer conditions and cell types, e.g. breast, lung, brain, colon, renal, adrenal, melanoma, and others.
摘要:
This disclosure relates to methods and devices to count particles of interest, such as cells. The methods include obtaining a fluid sample that may contain particles of interest; counting all types of particles in a portion of the sample using a first electrical differential counter to generate a first total; removing any particles of interest from the portion of the fluid sample; counting any particles remaining in the portion of the fluid sample using a second electrical differential counter after the particles of interest are removed to generate a second total; and calculating a number of particles of interest originally in the fluid sample by subtracting the second total from the first total, wherein the difference is the number of particles of interest in the sample. These methods and related devices can be used, for example, to produce a robust, inexpensive diagnostic kit for CD4+ T cell counting in whole blood samples.
摘要:
A method of forming a fluorinated molecular entity includes reacting in a reaction mixture an aromatic halide, copper, a fluoroalkyl group, and a ligand. The aromatic halide includes an aromatic group and a halogen substituent bonded to the aromatic group. The ligand includes at least one group-V donor selected from phosphorus and an amine. The overall molar ratio of copper to aromatic halide in the reaction mixture is from 0.2 to 3. The method further includes forming a fluoroalkylarene including the aromatic group and the fluoroalkyl group bonded to the aromatic group. A composition, which may be used in the method, consists essentially of copper, the fluoroalkyl group, and the ligand, where the molar ratio of copper to the fluoroalkyl group is approximately 1.
摘要:
The invention provides methods of determining risk for stroke in a patient, as well as methods of determining a subject's need for anti-coagulation therapy. In exemplary embodiments, the method comprises measuring a level of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites (DROMs) in a biological sample obtained from the subject, wherein an increased level of DROMs, relative to a control level, is indicative of the subject's need for anticoagulation therapy. Further provided are methods of decreasing risk of stroke in a subject, methods of determining the efficacy of a therapeutic agent, methods of monitoring a subject's risk of stroke, and kits.