摘要:
An atomic force microscope is provided for sensing displacement of a cantilever (1) based on a scanning tunneling microscopy. Concretely, the present invention comprises a first microscope having a cantilever (1) for sensing atomic force or magnetic force and an STM (Scanning Tunneling Microscope) functioned as a second microscope for sensing tunneling current and keeping the tunneling current constant. It results in the microscope being able to carry out atomic force microscopy and tunneling microscopy without changing a single STM tip (1b) and to control the minimal force between the sample (3) and the tip (1b) to be constant.
摘要:
An apparatus adapted for the analysis of a surface of a sample (1) comprises: means (7) for stimulating a region of said surface to emit charged particles; means for moving a light reflecting means (16) in a substantially rectilinear fashion along an optical axis of a microscope (28) to a position where it reflects an image of said region to said microscope (28); and means for moving an extraction electrode (15) in a substantially rectilinear fashion in a direction substantially parallel to, or coincident with, said optical axis to a position where said charged particles pass through an aperture in said extraction electrode (15) to a charged particle analyser (10). The invention allows both the direction of extraction of charged particles and the direction along which said surface is viewed, to be coincident and perpendicular to said surface.
摘要:
The invention provides for a device and method for generating, amplifying, and detecting secondary electrons from a surface of a sample. The device contains a vacuum envelope (1) having a pressure limiting aperture (2), a charged particle beam source (3), means (4, 5) for focusing and directing the charged particle beam through the aperture (2) to a sample mounted on a sample platform (6) located in a gaseous environment outside of the vacuum envelope (1), an electrode (7) located outside of the vacuum envelope (1) and close to the sample platform (6). In operation, the electrode is biased by a voltage source (8) to accelerate secondary electrons emitted by the sample so that they collide with gas molecules to produce negative charge carriers which multiply by further collisions. The negative charge carriers are collected by the electrode (7) to produce a current which is amplified by a current amplifier (4) and output to a detector (10).
摘要:
A surface analyzer for analyzing the atomic composition of the surface of sample. An ion source generates a proton beam. A magnet directs the proton beam through an accelerating device toward the sample for collision therewith. Protons that are scattered at an angle of 180° pass through the accelerating device in the reverse direction and are decelerated. The magnet directs the protons as a parallel beam to a position detecting device that indicates the position at which the proton beam strikes and energy loss of the protons can be determined.
摘要:
In an apparatus for surface analysis microscopy, a number of analysis devices (5, 11) are mounted on an ultra-high vacuum chamber (1). The devices (5, 11) include a beam source for locally heating a selected region of a specimen and a temperature-detector for monitoring the heating of the selected region, as well as an electron gun (11) and an analyser (5) for detecting emission from a specimen region subjected to electron bombardment. An ion gun may also be provided. The apparatus enables thermal microscopy of a specimen to be carried out in conjunction with other surface analysis techniques including, inter alia, scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron microscopy, within a single apparatus and during a single experimental operation. A novel configuration of cylindrical mirror analyser facilitates mounting a multiplicity of analysis devices on the chamber in a compact manner for studying a specimen at a single position.
摘要:
Eine Anordnung für die Korpuskularstrahl-Meßtechnik mit einem Objektiv (01,02) zur Abbildung von Primärkorpus keln (PE) auf eine Probe (PR) und mit einem Spektrometer zum Nachweis von Sekundärkorpuskeln (SE) soll eine wirk same Steigerung des Sondenstromes und/oder eine verbes serte Potentialauflösung ermöglichen. Ein Teil des Feldes des Objektivs (01,02) ist zur Fokussierung der Sekundärkor puskel (SE) auf die die Energieselektion bestimmende Elek trode (G2) vorgesehen.
摘要:
Eine Anordnung für die Korpuskularstrahl-Meßtechnik mit einem Objektiv (01, 02) zur Abbildung von Primärkorpuskeln (PE) auf eine Probe (PR) und mit einem Spektrometer zum Nachweis von Sekundärkorpuskeln (SE) soll eine wirksame Steigerung des Sondenstromes und/oder eine verbesserte Potentialauflösung ermöglichen. Ein Teil des Feldes des Objektivs (01, 02) ist zur Fokussierung der Sekundärkorpuskel (SE) auf die die Energieselektion bestimmende Elektrode (G2) vorgesehen.