Abstract:
A circuit module has a circuit board (50a), multiple circuit units (20a to 52i) on the circuit board (50a) and at least one clock input (12a) on the circuit board (50a) for receiving an external clock signal. The circuit module has a first PLL unit (60) on the circuit board (50a) for providing an internal clock signal based on the external clock signal to at least a first one of the circuit units. In addition, the circuit module has a second PLL unit (62) on the circuit board (50a) for providing an internal clock signal based on the external clock signal to at least a second one of the circuit units.
Abstract:
A data processing system includes a backplane and a plurality of logic boards connected to the backplane by a plurality of connectors. In one embodiment of the invention, a set of common points (23, 24) is electrically coupled to the connectors by individual conductive traces between each common point (23) and the corresponding pins (31-36) of the connectors. The common points are preferably centrally located among the plurality of connectors to reduce propagation delay. A connector (75) can be attached at the common points. The traces are separated from each other by lateral displacement in a single plane. If the backplane is a multi-layered printed circuit board, the traces are separated from each other by vertical displacement between the layers of the printed circuit board or by both vertical and horizontal displacement. The traces to the connectors nearest the common points (83) have a minimum length (96) greater than the distance (92) between the nearest connectors and the common points.
Abstract:
A transmission line, a resonator, a filter, a duplexer, and a communication apparatus efficiently minimize power losses due to edge effects, thereby having superior loss-reduction characteristics. A continuous line (12) and a plurality of thin lines (2) each having a predetermined length and branching from both sides of the continuous line (12) are formed on a dielectric substrate (1). According to this, substantial edges of the individual thin lines (2) do not exist, and losses due to edge effects can be efficiently minimized.
Abstract:
The invention concerns a module mounting rack for an electronic control unit with signal-processing analogue and/or digital components, rapid-operation digital components and components with both signal-processing functional parts and rapid-operation digital functional parts and power components which are disposed on a multilayer printed circuit board and are connected in an electrically conductive manner to a common earth layer. The signal-processing components of each module are jointly connected to the common earth layer. The noise radiation of the control unit, caused by high-frequency interference current, can be reduced and impairment of signal processing by high current densities in the earth layer and resultant potential shifts can be prevented by combining the signal-processing components to form signal-processing modules having at least one common function, and guiding the earth connections of all the components of each such functional module via line connections to a common connection point which is conductively connected in the shortest possible way to the common earth layer. The rapid-operation digital and power components are directly connected to the common earth layer. By introducing an additional power supply layer, the noise radiation of the control unit can be reduced even further.
Abstract:
A heating arrangement for heating a seat (1) has temperature responsive means (7) and control means (21) for controlling the supply of electrical current to the heating means embedded in the seat (1). The control means are formed of components (9) mounted on a flexible printed circuit board (8).
Abstract:
An electrical system wherein the electrical conductive traces on the circuit boards are routed to achieve a balanced net to reduce noise caused by transmission line reflections. A trace (202,216,248,274) is routed from the source terminal (200,214,236,260) of the net to a balanced junction (204,218,238,288) wherein if there are an odd number of load terminals, or loads, the balanced junction is located at one of the loads (204,238). The remaining loads are grouped into branches wherein each branch includes an equal number of loads. A trace is routed between each of the loads of each branch to serially connect the loads of each branch together, or, a trace is routed from a center one of the branch loads to each of the remaining branch loads, forming subbranches. In an alternate embodiment, a balanced subbranch is developed. The balanced load is connected to a pseudo-balanced load, which further receives an equal number of branches. The 3 pseudo-balanced load is then connected to another pseudo-balanced load, which may also receive an equal number of branches. This pseudo-balanced load is connected to the source. In another alternative, two balanced subbranches have their balanced loads connected to a central balanced load. This balanced load may receive even further numbers of equal branches. The balanced load is connected to the source.
Abstract:
Cross talk noise sensitivity in a printed circuit net (22) is reduced by routing alongside one another the portions (34B, 38A) of first and second conductors which are adjacent to an intermediate point (18) to which both the first and second conductors are connected. By such routing inter-net cross talk is reduced while the resultant intra-net cross talk is maintained at tolerable levels.