公开(公告)号：US4166043A

公开(公告)日：1979-08-28

申请号：US535451

申请日：1974-12-23

申请人： Donald R. Uhlmann ,  Elias Snitzer ,  Richard J. Hovey ,  Nori Y. C. Chu ,  Joseph T. Fournier, Jr.

发明人： Donald R. Uhlmann ,  Elias Snitzer ,  Richard J. Hovey ,  Nori Y. C. Chu ,  Joseph T. Fournier, Jr.

IPC分类号： B01J2/00 ,  C09B67/08 ,  C09K9/00 ,  C09K9/02 ,  G03C1/685 ,  G02B5/23

CPC分类号： C09B67/0004 ,  G03C1/685 ,  Y10S428/913 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T428/2993 ,  Y10T428/2996 ,  Y10T428/31511

摘要： Organic photochromic materials comprising a photochromic dye and a resinous material can be stabilized with a protective coating which will protect them from deactivation by exposure to moisture, oxygen, various plastic host materials, reactive chemicals or even normal atmospheric conditions. Useful organic photochromic dyes include the spiropyrans, the spirooxazines, the metal dithizonates, the phenazines, the phenothiazines and other known photochromic compositions. Useful resinous materials include vinyl-type thermoplastics, cellulosic materials, polyesters, epoxy resins and aminoplast resins. The encapsulated photochromic materials of the invention comprise an organic photochromic dye in combination with an organic resinous material enclosed within an outer shell of an inorganic material and find use in the preparation of photochromic plastic films, sheets, ophthalmic lenses such as lenses for sunglasses and in camera lenses and filters.

摘要翻译： 包含光致变色染料和树脂材料的有机光致变色材料可以用保护涂层来稳定，保护涂层将通过暴露于水分，氧气，各种塑料主体材料，反应性化学品甚至正常的大气条件来防止其失活。 有用的有机光致变色染料包括螺吡喃，螺恶嗪，金属二硫酸盐，吩嗪，吩噻嗪和其它已知的光致变色组合物。 有用的树脂材料包括乙烯基型热塑性塑料，纤维素材料，聚酯，环氧树脂和氨基塑料树脂。 本发明的包封的光致变色材料包括有机光致变色染料与封闭在无机材料的外壳内的有机树脂材料的组合，可用于制备光致变色塑料膜，片材，眼镜片，如太阳眼镜和 相机镜头和过滤器。

公开(公告)号：US4046586A

公开(公告)日：1977-09-06

申请号：US544078

申请日：1975-01-27

申请人： Donald R. Uhlmann ,  Elias Snitzer ,  Richard J. Hovey ,  Nori Y. C. Chu ,  Joseph T. Fournier, Jr.

发明人： Donald R. Uhlmann ,  Elias Snitzer ,  Richard J. Hovey ,  Nori Y. C. Chu ,  Joseph T. Fournier, Jr.

IPC分类号： C09K9/00 ,  G02B5/23 ,  C08L1/10

CPC分类号： C09K9/00 ,  G02B5/23 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T428/2993 ,  Y10T428/2996 ,  Y10T428/31511

摘要： Inorganic photochromic crystalline particles which are particularly useful in ophthalmic quality plastic host materials are formed for instance utilizing a silver halide crystal whose dimensions lie generally in the range between 30 Angstroms and 10,000 Angstroms. The surface of the silver halide crystal is coated with an inorganic material in an effective thickness to render the coating resistant to diffusion from within and to protect the crystal from interaction with host material. The stabilized coated particles can be introduced by known schemes into plastic host materials in order to form photochromic plastic articles useful in the preparation of films, sheets, filters for cameras, wall panels and ophthalmic lenses and other optical devices.

公开(公告)号：US4367170A

公开(公告)日：1983-01-04

申请号：US543711

申请日：1975-01-24

申请人： Donald R. Uhlmann ,  Elias Snitzer ,  Richard J. Hovey ,  Nori Y. C. Chu

发明人： Donald R. Uhlmann ,  Elias Snitzer ,  Richard J. Hovey ,  Nori Y. C. Chu

IPC分类号： G03C1/73 ,  G02B5/23

CPC分类号： G03C1/73 ,  Y10S428/913 ,  Y10T428/2991 ,  Y10T428/2993 ,  Y10T428/2996

摘要： Organic photochromic materials comprising a photochromic dye and a resinous material can be stabilized with a protective coating which will protect them from deactivation by exposure to moisture, oxygen, various plastic host materials, reactive chemicals or even normal atmospheric conditions. Useful organic photochromic dyes include the spiropyrans, the spirooxazines, the metal dithizonates, the phenazines, the phenothiazines and other known photochromic compositions. Useful resinous materials include vinyl-type thermoplastics, cellulosic materials, polyesters, epoxy resins and aminoplast resins. The encapsulated photochromic materials of the invention comprise an organic photochromic dye in combination with an organic resinous material enclosed within an outer shell of an inorganic material and find use in the preparation of photochromic plastic films, sheets, ophthalmic lenses such as lenses for sunglasses and in camera lenses and filters.

公开(公告)号：US4012232A

公开(公告)日：1977-03-15

申请号：US535452

申请日：1974-12-23

申请人： Donald R. Uhlmann ,  Elias Snitzer ,  Richard J. Hovey ,  Nori Y.C. Chu ,  Joseph T. Fournier, Jr.

发明人： Donald R. Uhlmann ,  Elias Snitzer ,  Richard J. Hovey ,  Nori Y.C. Chu ,  Joseph T. Fournier, Jr.

IPC分类号： C09B67/08 ,  G02B5/23

CPC分类号： C09B67/0007 ,  G02B5/23

摘要： Organic photochromic materials comprise a photochromic pigment stabilized with a protective inorganic coating which serves to protect the pigments from deactivation by exposure to moisture, oxygen, various plastic host materials, reactive chemicals or even normal atmospheric conditions. Useful organic photochromic pigments include the anils, hydrazones, semicarbozones, osazones, sydnones, fulgides and others. Inorganic coatings comprising such materials as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, antimony oxide and silicon dioxide are useful in the preparation of photochromic plastic films, sheets, ophthalmic lenses such as lenses for sunglasses and in camera lenses and filters.

摘要翻译： 有机光致变色材料包括用保护性无机涂层稳定的光致变色颜料，其用于通过暴露于水分，氧气，各种塑料主体材料，反应性化学品或甚至正常的大气条件来保护颜料免于失活。 有用的有机光致变色颜料包括肛门，腙，半聚氨基甲酸酯，奥沙芬酮，sydnone，fulgides等。 包含诸如氧化锌，二氧化钛，氧化铝，氧化锑和二氧化硅的材料的无机涂层可用于制备光致变色塑料膜，片材，眼用透镜如太阳眼镜和相机镜头和过滤器。

公开(公告)号：US06373863B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-16

申请号：US08878911

申请日：1997-06-19

申请人： Yasutake Ohishi ,  Elias Snitzer

发明人： Yasutake Ohishi ,  Elias Snitzer

IPC分类号： H01S330

CPC分类号： H01S3/06708 ,  H01S3/06729 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/1613 ,  H01S3/173

摘要： An apparatus, composition, and method for producing an optical gain. The apparatus includes: an optical fiber having a core and a multiple cladding, the core being doped with Yb3+; a light source producing light at a wavelength in a range of from about 0.8 to about 1.06 microns to energize the yb3+ to produce laser action; and wherein the core is essentially devoid of Nd3+.

摘要翻译： 一种用于产生光学增益的装置，组成和方法。 该装置包括：具有芯和多个包层的光纤，该芯被Yb3 +掺杂; 产生波长在约0.8至约1.06微米范围内的光的光源，以激励yb3 +以产生激光作用; 并且其中所述芯基本上不含有Nd 3+。

公开(公告)号：US5459801A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-17

申请号：US185071

申请日：1994-01-19

申请人： Elias Snitzer

发明人： Elias Snitzer

IPC分类号： G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/313 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/098 ,  H01S3/10 ,  G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02B6/2938 ,  G02B6/29334 ,  G02F1/3132 ,  H01S3/10023 ,  G02B2006/2839 ,  G02F2201/307 ,  H01S3/0675 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/1115

摘要： Device for use in adding or dropping light signals at predetermined center wavelengths to or from a wavelength division multiplex, fiber optic transmission system. The device includes an evanescent wave coupler having a coupling region formed from two single mode waveguides, the coupling region being formed so that there is substantially complete evanescent field coupling of light from one waveguide to the other in a predetermined wavelength band. Further, the device has a Bragg grating disposed in the coupling region in each of the waveguides.

摘要翻译： 用于将光信号以预定中心波长添加到波分复用光纤传输系统或从其分离的装置。 该器件包括具有由两个单模波导形成的耦合区域的瞬逝波耦合器，该耦合区域被形成为使得在预定波长带中从一个波导到另一波导的光基本上完全消逝场耦合。 此外，器件具有设置在每个波导中的耦合区域中的布拉格光栅。

公开(公告)号：US4712075A

公开(公告)日：1987-12-08

申请号：US802369

申请日：1985-11-27

申请人： Elias Snitzer

发明人： Elias Snitzer

IPC分类号： H01S3/05 ,  H01L31/14 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/083 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/131 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H04B10/16 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04B10/22 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/083 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/094003 ,  H01S3/131

摘要： An optical amplifier particularly suitable for use in amplifying signals carried on optical fiber in a select communication band. The amplifier comprises a resonant optical waveguide cavity which has a core containing an active gain material with given absorption and fluorescence spectrums. The gain material is of the type that preferably has at least two different emission bands originating from the same energy level with one of the emission bands encompassing the select communication band. The cavity is structured to resonate wavelengths in both emission bands, but with a higher combination of cavity Q and gain coefficient per excited ion for wavelengths in the emission band not corresponding to the select communication band so that, when pumped, the cavity first lases at this band. The lasing action causes the atomic population of the gain material corresponding to the communication band to remain at a stable constant level where it is available to uniformly amplify by stimulated emission optical signals introduced into the cavity.

摘要翻译： 一种光放大器，特别适用于放大选择通信频带中的光纤上承载的信号。 放大器包括具有包含具有给定吸收和荧光光谱的有源增益材料的芯的谐振光波导腔。 增益材料的类型优选地具有源自与包围选择通信频带的发射频带中的一个相同的能级的至少两个不同的发射带。 空腔被构造成在两个发射频带中谐振波长，但是对于不对应于选择通信频带的发射频带中的波长，腔体Q和每个激发离子的增益系数的组合较高，使得当泵浦时，空腔首先在 这个乐队。 激光作用使得与通信带相对应的增益材料的原子群保持在稳定的恒定水平，其中可用于通过被引入空腔的受激发射光信号均匀放大。

公开(公告)号：US4637025A

公开(公告)日：1987-01-13

申请号：US663345

申请日：1984-10-22

申请人： Elias Snitzer ,  Shaoul Ezekiel

发明人： Elias Snitzer ,  Shaoul Ezekiel

IPC分类号： G02B6/42 ,  G01C19/72 ,  G02B6/02 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/08 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S5/00 ,  H01S3/00

CPC分类号： H01S3/08059 ,  G01C19/721 ,  G02B6/02 ,  H01S3/06795 ,  H01S3/094003

摘要： A super-radiant light source having an output with a low temporal coherence well suited, for example, to optical inertial sensor applications, includes a single mode optical waveguide such as an optical fiber having its core doped with an active laser material, such as neodymium. Pump light is coupled into the optical fiber at an intensity sufficient to produce a significant amplification of the spontaneous emission. The reflectivity at the exit end of the fiber is low enough so that even with a high gain for the light in one traverse through the fiber, the fiber is operated well below threshold for laser oscillation. The resulting emission is of high intensity, but has a low temporal coherence. In one form, the pump light is coupled into one end of the fiber and a dichroic filter is interposed in the light path between the pump light and the optical fiber to pass pump light into the core and reflect the spontaneous emission of the active material back into the core and toward the output.

摘要翻译： 具有非常适合于例如光学惯性传感器应用的具有低时间相干性的输出的超辐射光源包括单模光波导，例如其核掺杂有活性激光材料的光纤，例如钕 。 泵浦光以足以产生自发发射的显着放大的强度耦合到光纤中。 光纤出口端的反射率足够低，使得即使在光纤穿过光纤时光的高增益，光纤的运行也远低于激光振荡的阈值。 所产生的发射强度高，但时间一致性较低。 在一种形式中，泵浦光耦合到光纤的一端，并且在泵浦光和光纤之间的光路中插入二向色滤光器，以将泵浦光引导到芯中并将活性材料的自发发射反射回 进入核心并朝向产出。

公开(公告)号：US4428764A

公开(公告)日：1984-01-31

申请号：US334492

申请日：1981-12-28

申请人： Elias Snitzer ,  Robert E. Wisnieff

发明人： Elias Snitzer ,  Robert E. Wisnieff

IPC分类号： C03B23/24 ,  C03B37/027 ,  H01J9/26 ,  C03B37/025

CPC分类号： C03B23/245 ,  C03B37/027 ,  H01J9/261

摘要： A fusible spacer for use in the manufacture of a plasma panel rigidly maintains a preselected spacing between the panel sidewalls. The fusible spacer comprises a core fabricated from a refractory glass, such as R-6 glass, and has a first transverse dimension sized in accordance with the desired spacing between the panel sidewalls. A cladding surrounds the core along and is formed from a material which has a much lower softening point, i.e., 350.degree. C. to 500.degree. C. The separation between the two halves of the panel is set by the first dimension of the core member while the solder glass cladding is fused to rigidly attach to both panel sidewalls bonding the composite structure together. The core and fusible cladding are drawn to size by covering the cladding with a second transitory cladding of the same material as the core material to allow a dimensionally controlled fiber to be drawn even through the fusible cladding has a substantially lower softening point. The core member can have a circular cross section or numerous other cross sections so long as the first transverse dimension defines the panel spacing and the second transverse dimension is not too large to interfere with the discharge sites between row and column electrodes.

摘要翻译： 用于制造等离子体面板的可熔间隔件在面板侧壁之间刚性地保持预选的间隔。 可熔隔片包括由诸如R-6玻璃的耐火玻璃制成的芯，并且具有根据板侧壁之间的期望间隔尺寸的第一横向尺寸。 芯包层围绕芯并且由具有低得多的软化点，即350℃至500℃的材料形成。板的两个半部之间的间隔由芯部件的第一尺寸 而焊料玻璃包层被熔合以刚性附接到将复合结构粘合在一起的两个面板侧壁。 通过用与芯材料相同的材料的第二短暂包层覆盖包层将核心和可熔覆层拉伸到尺寸，以允许尺寸受控的纤维甚至通过可熔覆层具有较低的软化点。 芯构件可以具有圆形横截面或许多其它横截面，只要第一横向尺寸限定面板间隔，并且第二横向尺寸不会太大而不能干扰行电极和列电极之间的放电位置。

公开(公告)号：US4350744A

公开(公告)日：1982-09-21

申请号：US215283

申请日：1980-12-12

申请人： Elias Snitzer ,  James F. Bacon

发明人： Elias Snitzer ,  James F. Bacon

IPC分类号： C03C14/00 ,  C03C27/04 ,  C03C27/06 ,  C03C27/02 ,  B32B17/06

CPC分类号： C03C14/002 ,  C03C27/04 ,  C03C27/06 ,  C03C2214/02 ,  Y10S428/902 ,  Y10T428/12597 ,  Y10T428/12604 ,  Y10T428/12826 ,  Y10T428/12847 ,  Y10T428/12889 ,  Y10T428/2918

摘要： A method of bonding a plurality of thermally stable high strength graphite fiber reinforced glass matrix composite pieces is described. The process comprises applying to the surfaces to be bonded at least one layer of a metal which is highly adherent to the composite and the solder and is oxidatively stable. A tie layer may be used between the composite bond surface and the metal layer to better bond the metal layer to the composite. Following application of the metal layer, the composite pieces are stacked with the metal layers facing each other and a solder layer in between. The temperature of the assembly is raised to melt the solder and form the bond. The melting temperature of the solder and the metal layers are chosen so as to be higher than the use temperature of the bonded composite. A bonded composite article thus formed is also described.

摘要翻译： 描述了多个热稳定的高强度石墨纤维增强玻璃基体复合片的接合方法。 该方法包括将至少一层与复合材料和焊料高粘附的金属层结合并且是氧化稳定的表面。 可以在复合结合表面和金属层之间使用粘结层以更好地将金属层粘合到复合材料上。 在施加金属层之后，复合片与金属层彼此面对并且之间形成焊料层。 提高组件的温度以熔化焊料并形成粘结。 焊料和金属层的熔化温度选择为高于粘合复合材料的使用温度。 还描述了如此形成的粘合复合制品。