公开(公告)号：US07943419B2

公开(公告)日：2011-05-17

申请号：US12241382

申请日：2008-09-30

申请人： Marc Baldo ,  Peter Peumans ,  Stephen Forrest ,  Changsoon Kim

发明人： Marc Baldo ,  Peter Peumans ,  Stephen Forrest ,  Changsoon Kim

IPC分类号： H01L51/40 ,  C23C14/02

CPC分类号： H01L51/0504 ,  H01L27/28 ,  H01L51/0508

摘要： An organic semiconductor device is provided. The device has a first electrode and a second electrode, with an organic semiconductor layer disposed between the first and second electrodes. An electrically conductive grid is disposed within the organic semiconductor layer, which has openings in which the organic semiconductor layer is present. At least one insulating layer is disposed adjacent to the electrically conductive grid, preferably such that the electrically conductive grid is completely separated from the organic semiconductor layer by the insulating layer. Methods of fabricating the device, and the electrically conductive grid in particular, are also provided. In one method, openings are formed in an electrically conductive layer with a patterned die, which is then removed. In another method, an electrically conductive layer and a first insulating layer are etched through the mask to expose portions of a first electrode. In yet another method, a patterned die is pressed into a first organic semiconductor layer to create texture in the surface of the first organic semiconductor layer, and then removed. An electrically conductive material is then deposited onto the first organic semiconductor layer from an angle to form a grid having openings as a result of the textured surface and the angular deposition. In each of the methods, insulating layers are preferably deposited or otherwise formed during the process to completely separate the electrically conductive layer from previously and subsequently deposited organic semiconductor layers.

摘要翻译： 提供有机半导体器件。 该器件具有第一电极和第二电极，其中有机半导体层设置在第一和第二电极之间。 导电栅格设置在有机半导体层内，其具有存在有机半导体层的开口。 至少一个绝缘层邻近导电栅格设置，优选地使得导电栅格通过绝缘层与有机半导体层完全分离。 还提供了制造器件，特别是导电栅格的方法。 在一种方法中，在带有图案的模具的导电层中形成开口，然后将其去除。 在另一种方法中，通过掩模蚀刻导电层和第一绝缘层以暴露第一电极的部分。 在另一种方法中，图案化的管芯被压入第一有机半导体层以在第一有机半导体层的表面中产生纹理，然后除去。 然后将导电材料从角度沉积到第一有机半导体层上，以形成由于纹理表面和角度沉积而具有开口的栅格。 在每种方法中，优选在该工艺期间沉积或以其它方式形成绝缘层，以使导电层与先前和随后沉积的有机半导体层完全分离。

公开(公告)号：US07816715B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-19

申请号：US11728706

申请日：2007-03-26

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

IPC分类号： H01L31/062

CPC分类号： H01L51/4253 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0021 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that λ1 is at least about 10% different from λ2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.

摘要翻译： 提供了具有第一电极，第二电极，具有特征吸收波长λ1的第一光活性区域和具有特征吸收波长λ2的第二光活性区域的装置。 光活性区域设置在第一和第二电极之间，并且进一步定位在反射层的相同侧上，使得第一光活性区域比第二光活性区域更靠近反射层。 可以选择包含光活性区域的材料，使得λ1与λ2至少约10％不同。 该装置还可以包括邻近并与每个光活性区域的有机受体材料直接接触的激子阻挡层，其中除最接近阴极之外的每个激子阻挡层的LUMO不大于约0.3eV，大于约0.3eV 受体材料的LUMO。

公开(公告)号：US07768194B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-03

申请号：US11446022

申请日：2006-06-01

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Yiru Sun ,  Noel Giebink ,  Mark E. Thompson

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Yiru Sun ,  Noel Giebink ,  Mark E. Thompson

IPC分类号： H05B33/00

CPC分类号： H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/0072 ,  H01L51/0085 ,  H01L51/50 ,  H01L51/504 ,  H01L51/5044 ,  H01L51/5096 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  H01L2251/5376

摘要： The present invention relates to organic light emitting devices (OLEDs), and more specifically to OLEDS that emit light using a combination of fluorescent emitters and phosphorescent emitters for the efficient utilization of all of the electrically generated excitons.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及有机发光器件（OLED），并且更具体地涉及使用荧光发射器和磷光发射器的组合发光的OLEDS，以有效利用所有电生成的激子。

公开(公告)号：US20100181899A1

公开(公告)日：2010-07-22

申请号：US12531595

申请日：2008-03-31

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Yiru Sun

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Yiru Sun

IPC分类号： H01L51/52 ,  H01L51/56

CPC分类号： H01L51/5275 ,  H01L51/5012

摘要： An OLED may include regions of a material having a refractive index less than that of the substrate, or of the organic region, allowing for emitted light in a waveguide mode to be extracted into air. These regions can be placed adjacent to the emissive regions of an OLED in a direction parallel to the electrodes. The substrate may also be given a nonstandard shape to further improve the conversion of waveguide mode and/or glass mode light to air mode. The outcoupling efficiency of such a device may be up to two to three times the efficiency of a standard OLED. Methods for fabricating such a transparent or top-emitting OLED is also provided.

摘要翻译： OLED可以包括具有小于衬底或有机区域的折射率的材料的区域，从而允许波导模式中的发射光被提取到空气中。 这些区域可以在与电极平行的方向上与OLED的发射区域相邻放置。 衬底也可以被赋予非标准形状，以进一步改善波导模式和/或玻璃模式光到空气模式的转换。 这种器件的输出耦合效率可高达标准OLED效率的两到三倍。 还提供了制造这种透明或顶部发光OLED的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20090020910A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-22

申请号：US12186197

申请日：2008-08-05

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Xin Xu ,  Marcelo Davanco

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Xin Xu ,  Marcelo Davanco

IPC分类号： B29C45/16

CPC分类号： B29C45/16 ,  H01L51/0004 ,  H01L51/0022

摘要： An optoelectronic device may be fabricated on a three dimensional surface by transferring a material from an elastomeric stamp to a non-planar substrate. The use of an elastomeric stamp allows for patterned layers to be deposited on a non-planar substrate with reduced chance of damage to the patterned layer. The material may be deposited on the stamp while the stamp is in a planar configuration or after the stamp has been deformed to a shape generally the same as the shape of the non-planar substrate. The material may be transferred by cold welding. The device may include organic layers.

摘要翻译： 通过将材料从弹性体印模转移到非平面基底，可以在三维表面上制造光电子器件。 使用弹性体印记允许图案化层被沉积在非平面基板上，同时具有减小对图案化层的损伤的机会。 当印模处于平面构型或印模已经变形成与非平面基底的形状大致相同的形状时，材料可以沉积在印模上。 材料可以通过冷焊转移。 该装置可以包括有机层。

公开(公告)号：US20080099068A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-01

申请号：US11728706

申请日：2007-03-26

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue ,  Soichi Uchida ,  Barry P. Rand

IPC分类号： H01L51/46

CPC分类号： H01L51/4253 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  H01L27/302 ,  H01L51/0021 ,  H01L51/0046 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0059 ,  H01L51/0078 ,  H01L51/4246 ,  Y02E10/549

摘要： A device is provided having a first electrode, a second electrode, a first photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ1 and a second photoactive region having a characteristic absorption wavelength λ2. The photoactive regions are disposed between the first and second electrodes, and further positioned on the same side of a reflective layer, such that the first photoactive region is closer to the reflective layer than the second photoactive region. The materials comprising the photoactive regions may be selected such that λ1 is at least about 10% different from λ2. The device may further comprise an exciton blocking layer disposed adjacent to and in direct contact with the organic acceptor material of each photoactive region, wherein the LUMO of each exciton blocking layer other than that closest to the cathode is not more than about 0.3 eV greater than the LUMO of the acceptor material.

公开(公告)号：US20080025681A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-31

申请号：US11725641

申请日：2007-03-19

申请人： Max Shtein ,  Stephen Forrest

发明人： Max Shtein ,  Stephen Forrest

IPC分类号： G02B6/036 ,  G02B6/12

CPC分类号： H01L51/4253 ,  H01L27/304 ,  H01L27/32 ,  H01L51/4206 ,  H01L51/424 ,  H01L51/44 ,  H01L51/5012 ,  H01L51/5287 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： A photoactive fiber is provided, as well as a method of fabricating such a fiber. The fiber has a conductive core including a first electrode. An organic layer surrounds and is electrically connected to the first electrode. A transparent second electrode surrounds and is electrically connected to the organic layer. Other layers, such as blocking layers or smoothing layers, may also be incorporated into the fiber. The fiber may be woven into a cloth.

摘要翻译： 提供光活性纤维，以及制造这种纤维的方法。 光纤具有包括第一电极的导电芯。 有机层包围并电连接到第一电极。 透明的第二电极围绕并电连接到有机层。 其它层，例如阻挡层或平滑层，也可以并入纤维中。 纤维可以编织成布。

公开(公告)号：US20080024058A1

公开(公告)日：2008-01-31

申请号：US11880676

申请日：2007-07-23

申请人： Mark Thompson ,  Yujian You ,  Andrei Shoustikov ,  Scott Sibley ,  Paul Burrows ,  Stephen Forrest

发明人： Mark Thompson ,  Yujian You ,  Andrei Shoustikov ,  Scott Sibley ,  Paul Burrows ,  Stephen Forrest

IPC分类号： H01J1/63

CPC分类号： H01L51/0084 ,  C07D487/22 ,  C09K11/06 ,  C09K2211/10 ,  C09K2211/1003 ,  C09K2211/1007 ,  C09K2211/1018 ,  C09K2211/1029 ,  C09K2211/1033 ,  C09K2211/1074 ,  C09K2211/18 ,  C09K2211/185 ,  C09K2211/186 ,  H01L51/0053 ,  H01L51/0067 ,  H01L51/0077 ,  H01L51/0081 ,  H01L51/0087 ,  H01L51/5016 ,  H01L51/5221 ,  H01L51/5234 ,  H01L2251/308 ,  H01L2251/5323 ,  H05B33/14 ,  H05B33/28 ,  Y10S428/917 ,  Y10T428/24942

摘要： Organic light emitting devices are Disclosed which are comprised of a heterostructure for producing electroluminescence wherein the heterostructure is comprised of an emissive layer containing a phosphorescent dopant compound. For example, the phosphorescent dopant compound may be comprised of platinum octaethylporphine (PtOEP), which is a compound having the chemical structure with the formula:

摘要翻译： 公开了由用于产生电致发光的异质结构组成的有机发光器件，其中异质结构由含有磷光掺杂剂化合物的发射层组成。 例如，磷光掺杂剂化合物可以由具有以下化学结构的化合物的铂八乙基卟吩（PtOEP）组成：

公开(公告)号：US20070178619A1

公开(公告)日：2007-08-02

申请号：US11205122

申请日：2005-08-17

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Jiangeng Xue

IPC分类号： H01L21/00

CPC分类号： H01L51/441 ,  H01L27/301 ,  H01L51/424 ,  Y02E10/549 ,  Y02P70/521

摘要： A method which lower the series resistance of photosensitive devices includes providing a transparent film of a first electrically conductive material arranged on a transparent substrate; depositing and patterning a mask over the first electrically conductive material, such that openings in the mask have sloping sides which narrow approaching the substrate; depositing a second electrically conductive material directly onto the first electrically conductive material exposed in the openings of the mask, at least partially filling the openings; stripping the mask, leaving behind reentrant structures of the second electrically conductive material which were formed by the deposits in the openings of the mask; after stripping the mask, depositing a first organic material onto the first electrically conductive material in between the reentrant structures; and directionally depositing a third electrically conductive material over the first organic material deposited in between the reentrant structures, edges of the reentrant structures aligning deposition so that the third electrically conductive material does not directly contact the first electrically conductive material, and does not directly contact the second electrically conductive material.

摘要翻译： 降低光敏元件的串联电阻的方法包括提供布置在透明基板上的第一导电材料的透明膜; 在所述第一导电材料上沉积和图案化掩模，使得所述掩模中的开口具有接近所述基底的窄边; 将第二导电材料直接沉积在暴露于掩模的开口中的至少部分填充开口的第一导电材料上; 剥离掩模，留下由掩模的开口中的沉积物形成的第二导电材料的可重入结构; 在剥离掩模之后，将第一有机材料沉积在第一导电材料之间的可重入结构之间; 并且在第一有机材料上定向沉积第三导电材料，所述第一有机材料沉积在所述凹坑结构之间，所述凹槽结构的边缘对准沉积物，使得所述第三导电材料不直接接触所述第一导电材料，并且不直接接触所述第一导电材料 第二导电材料。

公开(公告)号：US07242703B2

公开(公告)日：2007-07-10

申请号：US11016740

申请日：2004-12-21

申请人： Stephen Forrest ,  Vinod Menon ,  Zoltan Soos

发明人： Stephen Forrest ,  Vinod Menon ,  Zoltan Soos

IPC分类号： H01S3/14 ,  H01L29/08

CPC分类号： B82Y20/00 ,  H01S5/18305 ,  H01S5/18358 ,  H01S5/18369 ,  H01S5/3402 ,  H01S5/36

摘要： An unipolar organic injection laser in which electrically-stimulated intraband transitions result in lasing. An active region includes at least one organic injector layer and at least one organic emitter layer. Each organic emitter layer has a first energy level and a second energy level on a same side of an energy gap defined by a conduction band and a valance band. Charge carriers are injected through the organic injector layer into the first energy level of the organic emitter layer when a voltage is applied across active region. The difference in energy between the first and second energy levels produces radiative emissions when charge carriers transition from the first energy level to the second energy level. Population inversion is maintained between the first and second energy levels, producing stimulated emission and lasing.

摘要翻译： 单极有机注入激光器，其中电刺激的内部转换导致激光。 有源区包括至少一个有机注入层和至少一个有机发射极层。 每个有机发射极层在由导带和价带限定的能隙的同一侧上具有第一能级和第二能级。 当跨有源区域施加电压时，电荷载流子通过有机注入器层注入到有机发射极层的第一能级中。 当电荷载流子从第一能级跃迁到第二能量级时，第一和第二能量级之间的能量差异产生辐射发射。 在第一和第二能级之间维持人口反演，产生受激发射和激光。