Abstract:
On a first substrate are formed a TFT provided to each pixel, an insulating film which covers the TFT, and a reflective layer which is provided on the insulating film so as to be insulated from the TFT and reflects light incident from a second substrate side. The reflective layer is covered with a passivation film on which a first electrode made of a transparent conductive material, such as ITO having the work function equivalent to a second electrode, is formed and connected to the TFT. The passivation film covering the reflective layer prevents the reflective surface of the reflective layer from deteriorating in reflection properties during a process for connecting the TFT and the first electrode. Further, the first and second electrodes having similar characteristics can symmetrically AC drive the liquid crystal layer.
Abstract:
A reflective layer for reflecting light incident from a second substrate side and transmitting through a second electrode made of ITO or the like is formed above a first substrate, a switching element provided for each pixel, and an insulating film covering the switching element, the reflective layer being insulated from the switching element. A first electrode having a work function similar to the second electrode and made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed more proximate to a liquid crystal layer than is the reflective layer and is connected to the switching element. The thickness of the first electrode is set to 100 Å or less or in a range approximately from 750 Å to 1250 Å. Alternatively, the switching element maybe connected to the reflective electrode, the first electrode and the reflective electrode which are formed with an insulating film therebetween may be capacitively coupled, and the first electrode may be driven by the reflective electrode via the capacitor.
Abstract:
A paper feed apparatus of the present invention includes a pick mechanism for successively taking out, by use of a pick roller 1, a plurality of sheets of paper stacked on a chute from the bottom side thereof, leading ends of the sheets being aligned by means of a stopper block 2 in a state in which the sheets are stacked on the chute. Moreover, the apparatus includes a roller guide 11 and an abutment guide 12. When the roller guide 11 is raised to a paper setting position in a direction away from the pick roller 1, the roller guide 11 raises the leading ends of the sheets stacked on the chute to thereby prevent contact between the sheets and the pick roller 1. The abutment guide 12 aligns the leading ends of the sheets when the roller guide 11 is raised. When a pick operation is started, prior to retraction of the roller guide 11, sheet pressing operation of a pick arm 4 and retraction of the abutment guide 12 are performed, and then the sheets are taken out through a clearance formed between the distal end of the stopper block 2 and the pick roller 1.
Abstract:
A vehicle hydraulic brake apparatus includes a brake member, a master cylinder generating brake hydraulic pressure, and a master piston movable in response to operation of the brake member. A closed chamber is defined by the master piston and a power piston is disposed behind the master piston. A power chamber is defined by the power piston rearwardly of the power piston. An auxiliary hydraulic pressure source generates power hydraulic pressure and a pressure regulating device regulates the output power hydraulic pressure and feeds it to the power chamber. A reaction force member is disposed in a front end portion of the power piston and is exposed towards the closed chamber. A retaining device maintains the reaction force member exposed towards the closed chamber, with the rearward reaction force of the master piston being transmitted to a front end portion of the power piston while bypassing the reaction force member.
Abstract:
A hydraulic brake device for a vehicle includes a master piston, an auxiliary piston having first and second pistons, and an assisting device for assisting actuation of the master piston through the auxiliary piston. The brake pressure increase gradient in the assisting operation of the assisting device after the assisting output force of the assisting device reaches a maximum value is the same as the brake pressure increase gradient in the assisting operation of the assisting device before the assisting output force of the assisting device reaches the maximum value because the second piston of the auxiliary piston includes a large diameter portion possessing a diameter that is the same as the diameter of the master piston.
Abstract:
A traction device has a casing, a drum mounted in the casing for undergoing rotation, and a traction rope having a first end connected to the drum and a second end extending through an opening in the casing. A roller is disposed in the casing for guiding the traction rope and a biasing member for resiliently biasing the traction rope onto the roller. A spring has a first end connected to the drum for urging the drum in a direction of rewinding the traction rope on the drum. A rope coupling is connected to the second end of the traction rope for preventing the second end of the traction rope from passing through the opening of the casing. A tension meter is disposed between the traction rope and the rope coupling for measuring a tension of the traction rope. A shaft is supported by the casing for undergoing rotation relative to the drum and is connected to a second end of the spring. A ratchet mechanism rotates the shaft to apply an initial load to the spring.
Abstract:
A thin film transistor (TFT) which may be used as a pixel drive element in an active matrix LCD display includes a pair of side wall spacers adjacent to the opposing side walls of its gate electrode. The side wall spacers provide the gate electrode with a substantially rectangular cross section, such that the gate electrode has a substantially constant thermal conductivity over its area. The TFT has a uniform device characteristic.
Abstract:
A novel fluorinated hydrocarbon compound containing an oxygen or sulfur atom in its molecule, produced by the nucleophilic reaction of a fluorine compound with a hydrocarbon compound. This compound is useful as a lubricant for various applications and particularly excellent as an oil for refrigerators wherein hydrochlorofluorocarbon is used as the refrigerant and as a magnetic recording medium lubricant.
Abstract:
Compound fine particles include inorganic fine particles and an organic polymer bound to surfaces of the inorganic fine particles, and have an average particle diameter of 5 to 200 nm and a particle diameter variation coefficient of 50% or less. The compound fine particles are obtainable by hydrolyzing and condensing an organic polymer, wherein the organic polymer has, per molecule, at least one polysiloxane group containing at least one Si--OR.sup.1 group, wherein R.sup.1 denotes a hydrogen atom, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, or an unsubstituted or substituted acyl group. A compound fine particle dispersion includes the compound fine particles and a dispersion medium. A composition for forming a film includes this dispersion.
Abstract:
An image apparatus is provided with a bottom take-out type automatic paper feeding mechanism. Documents are sequentially taken out from a lowermost document by coaction of a paper feeding roller and a document separation pad which is elastically pressed against the paper feeding roller. A hopper is provided on which the documents are placed by stacking. Projections are provided on a document placement surface of the hopper or a paper feeding passage. The projections prevent the documents from being adhered to the hopper which has been electrostatically charged.